B
Our planet has many amazing places, and one of them is Vinicunca in Peru. Known as the Rainbow Mountain, it is famous for its bright lines of red, yellow, green and purple. It is part of the Andes Mountains(安第斯山脉), the longest mountain chain(山脉) on earth. At 5,200 metres tall, it is even taller than other famous mountains. Did you know the Andes grow about 1 centimetre higher every year? Visitors say visiting the Rainbow Mountain feels like stepping into a magical world!
The colourful lines come from different rocks under the ground. For example, iron(铁) in the rocks turns red when it meets air, and a yellow material called sulfur(硫磺) makes the bright yellow lines. Over thousands of years, wind and rain slowly washed away dirt and ice, showing these colourful parts. Scientists say it's like nature is an artist! The colours also change with the weather—they look bright in sunlight and softer on cloudy days.
Before 2015, the Rainbow Mountain was covered in ice. When the ice turned into water because of warmer weather, the colours became perceptible(看得出的). Now, many travellers visit it every year. But too many people walking here can harm the mountain. To protect it, local villagers control the number of visitors and ask everyone to follow simple rules, like taking rubbish home.
The Rainbow Mountain reminds us that the earth's wonders are both beautiful and easily harmed. Saving these places helps plants, animals, and people who live close by. Everyone can help! If we treat nature kindly, we can protect the mountain. Helping local guides means villagers can protect their home better, and telling friends about the Rainbow Mountain teaches others to care too. Even small steps today can keep this colourful wonder safe for tomorrow.
()19. What can we know about the Rainbow Mountain?
A. It has three bright colourful lines.
B. It is the highest mountain chain on earth.
C. It becomes about 1 centimetre lower each year.
D. It is part of the Andes and over 5,000 metres tall.
()20. What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. The ice.
B. Warmer weather.
C. The Rainbow Mountain.
D. The water.
()21. What's the main theme of the passage?
A. Science.
B. Nature.
C. Travel.
D. Culture.
()22. What's the writer's purpose of writing the passage?
A. To explain how weather harms mountains.
B. To describe the reasons for rock colours in nature.
C. To encourage people to visit the Rainbow Mountain.
D. To introduce a natural place and call for its protection.

19.D 20.C 21.B 22.D

【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解题，包含细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、作者意图四类题型。解题思路如下：
1. 第19题：定位原文关于彩虹山的特征描述，逐一核对选项与原文信息是否一致，排除错误选项；
2. 第20题：代词指代题需联系上下文，找到前文提到的被保护对象，确定it的指代内容；
3. 第21题：主旨大意题需梳理全文核心内容，判断文章围绕的主题；
4. 第22题：作者意图题需关注最后一段的呼吁性语句，明确作者写作目的。
【解析】
19题：根据第一段“It is part of the Andes Mountains...At 5,200 metres tall”可知，彩虹山是安第斯山脉的一部分，高度超5000米，对应选项D。A项原文提到四种颜色线条，错误；B项安第斯是最长山脉，并非彩虹山，错误；C项原文说安第斯每年长高1厘米，错误。
20题：第三段前句提到“too many people walking here can harm the mountain”，后句“To protect it”中it指代前文的the Rainbow Mountain，选C。
21题：全文围绕秘鲁彩虹山这一自然景观展开，核心主题是自然，选B。
22题：最后一段提到地球奇观美丽又易受伤害，呼吁大家保护彩虹山，对应选项D。A项仅涉及部分内容，B项是细节而非主旨，C项与呼吁保护不符，均错误。
【答案】
19.D 20.C 21.B 22.D
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题
【点评】
本题为介绍自然景观的英语阅读理解，题型全面，侧重考查学生的细节定位、上下文理解及主旨把握能力，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7