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B
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not favor one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate（有文字的） societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s adventure and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield（盾） dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of misunderstanding from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted（扭曲）, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider connection between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
(
A. How past events should be presented.
B. What humanity is concerned about.
C. Whether facts speak louder than words.
D. Why written language is trustworthy.
(
A. His report was scientific.
B. He represented the local people.
C. He ruled over Botany Bay.
D. His record was one-sided.
(
A. Problem.
B. History.
C. Civilization.
D. Society.
(
A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World.
B. A Short History of Australia.
C. A History of the World in 100 Objects.
D. How Artworks Tell Stories.
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not favor one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate（有文字的） societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s adventure and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield（盾） dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of misunderstanding from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted（扭曲）, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider connection between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
(
A
)5. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. How past events should be presented.
B. What humanity is concerned about.
C. Whether facts speak louder than words.
D. Why written language is trustworthy.
(
D
)6. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2?A. His report was scientific.
B. He represented the local people.
C. He ruled over Botany Bay.
D. His record was one-sided.
(
B
)7. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Problem.
B. History.
C. Civilization.
D. Society.
(
C
)8. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from?A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World.
B. A Short History of Australia.
C. A History of the World in 100 Objects.
D. How Artworks Tell Stories.
答案
B
5.A 6.D 7.B 8.C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了书写历史应结合文字记录与实物。
5. A 解析：段落大意题。根据第一段的内容“如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一个不偏袒人类某一部分的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一些地方曾经有文本，而世界上大多数地方，在大多数时间里没有文字记录。文字是人类后来的成就之一，直到最近，甚至是许多有文字的社会，才不仅通过文字，而且通过事物，记录了他们的关注。”可推知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选A。
6. D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“From the English side, we have ... deeply and strictly as the written reports.（站在英国的角度，我们有科学的报告和船长那可怕一天的记录。站在澳大利亚的角度，我们只有一个男子在第一次开枪后扔下的一个木制盾牌。如果我们想重建那天实际发生的事情，盾牌必须像书面报告一样被深入和严格地质疑和解释。）”可知，库克船长的记录是片面的。故选D。
7. B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段的内容“除了双方有误解这一问题外，还有一些意外或故意扭曲的胜利，特别是当只有胜利者知道如何用文字记录历史的时候。那些处于失败的一方，往往只能通过他们的物件来讲述他们的故事。……当我们考虑到类似这样的文化和非文化社会之间的联系时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。如果我们要找到conversation的另一半，我们不仅要阅读文字记录，还要阅读物品。”可知，寻找对话的另一半指的是寻找历史的另一半，因为历史是由有文字和无文字社会共同构成的对话。conversation指的是“历史”，与B选项“History”相符。故选B。
8. C 解析：推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中的“Writing is one of humanity's later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.”、第二段中的“From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain's record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.”，以及第三段中“If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.”可知，文章主要论述了记录历史不仅需要文字，还需要物件，并列举了多个例子来说明这一点。由此可推知，这篇文章最有可能选自《通过100件物品讲述世界历史》。故选C。
5.A 6.D 7.B 8.C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了书写历史应结合文字记录与实物。
5. A 解析：段落大意题。根据第一段的内容“如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一个不偏袒人类某一部分的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一些地方曾经有文本，而世界上大多数地方，在大多数时间里没有文字记录。文字是人类后来的成就之一，直到最近，甚至是许多有文字的社会，才不仅通过文字，而且通过事物，记录了他们的关注。”可推知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选A。
6. D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“From the English side, we have ... deeply and strictly as the written reports.（站在英国的角度，我们有科学的报告和船长那可怕一天的记录。站在澳大利亚的角度，我们只有一个男子在第一次开枪后扔下的一个木制盾牌。如果我们想重建那天实际发生的事情，盾牌必须像书面报告一样被深入和严格地质疑和解释。）”可知，库克船长的记录是片面的。故选D。
7. B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段的内容“除了双方有误解这一问题外，还有一些意外或故意扭曲的胜利，特别是当只有胜利者知道如何用文字记录历史的时候。那些处于失败的一方，往往只能通过他们的物件来讲述他们的故事。……当我们考虑到类似这样的文化和非文化社会之间的联系时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。如果我们要找到conversation的另一半，我们不仅要阅读文字记录，还要阅读物品。”可知，寻找对话的另一半指的是寻找历史的另一半，因为历史是由有文字和无文字社会共同构成的对话。conversation指的是“历史”，与B选项“History”相符。故选B。
8. C 解析：推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中的“Writing is one of humanity's later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.”、第二段中的“From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain's record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.”，以及第三段中“If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.”可知，文章主要论述了记录历史不仅需要文字，还需要物件，并列举了多个例子来说明这一点。由此可推知，这篇文章最有可能选自《通过100件物品讲述世界历史》。故选C。
