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阅读理解。
Nature provides human beings with wonders and everything we need. Sometimes nature also loses its temper. Some natural disasters affect our lives badly. The following disasters are common.
Earthquake It usually happens suddenly and shakes very hard. It destroys houses, buildings, roads, and bridges badly. Falling objects like bricks may injure people indoors, and they often cause landslides.
Typhoon It often brings strong winds and heavy rain, leading to floods and fallen houses. It even causes storms which flood villages and towns, and damage farmland.
Snowstorm It blocks roads and railways, cutting off transportation. People may lose power and drinking water, making life difficult.
Flood It drowns(淹) homes and crops, washing away the whole village. Polluted water spreads diseases, threatening(威胁) health.
Drought It dries rivers and wells, causing water shortages. Without rain, crops die, leading to hunger.
These disasters remind us to protect nature. By learning science and working together, we can reduce their damage.
1. Which of the following disasters can cause landslides according to the passage?
A. The typhoon.
B. The earthquake.
C. The snowstorm.
D. The drought.
2.（创新考法·写作意图）What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To introduce the causes of different natural disasters.
B. To compare the damage caused by different disasters.
C. To introduce common natural disasters and remind people to protect nature.
D. To teach people how to prevent all natural disasters.
3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The snowstorm can cut off transportation and make people lose power.
B. The flood only destroys houses and has no bad influence on people's health.
C. The drought can make crops grow better without enough rain.
D. The typhoon only brings strong winds and never causes heavy rain.
Nature provides human beings with wonders and everything we need. Sometimes nature also loses its temper. Some natural disasters affect our lives badly. The following disasters are common.
Earthquake It usually happens suddenly and shakes very hard. It destroys houses, buildings, roads, and bridges badly. Falling objects like bricks may injure people indoors, and they often cause landslides.
Typhoon It often brings strong winds and heavy rain, leading to floods and fallen houses. It even causes storms which flood villages and towns, and damage farmland.
Snowstorm It blocks roads and railways, cutting off transportation. People may lose power and drinking water, making life difficult.
Flood It drowns(淹) homes and crops, washing away the whole village. Polluted water spreads diseases, threatening(威胁) health.
Drought It dries rivers and wells, causing water shortages. Without rain, crops die, leading to hunger.
These disasters remind us to protect nature. By learning science and working together, we can reduce their damage.
1. Which of the following disasters can cause landslides according to the passage?
A. The typhoon.
B. The earthquake.
C. The snowstorm.
D. The drought.
2.（创新考法·写作意图）What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To introduce the causes of different natural disasters.
B. To compare the damage caused by different disasters.
C. To introduce common natural disasters and remind people to protect nature.
D. To teach people how to prevent all natural disasters.
3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The snowstorm can cut off transportation and make people lose power.
B. The flood only destroys houses and has no bad influence on people's health.
C. The drought can make crops grow better without enough rain.
D. The typhoon only brings strong winds and never causes heavy rain.
答案
主题实践阅读
1. B 细节理解题。根据文中“Falling objects like bricks may injure people indoors, and they often cause landslides.”可知，地震会引发山体滑坡，其余选项均无对应描述。
2. C 写作意图题。文章主体部分逐一介绍了地震、台风、暴风雪、洪水、干旱这5种常见自然灾害的危害，结尾段中“These disasters remind us to protect nature.”点明了写作意图：介绍灾害并提醒人们保护自然。
3. A 细节理解题。根据文中“It blocks roads and railways, cutting off transportation. People may lose power and drinking water, making life difficult.”可知，与选项A描述一致。
1. B 细节理解题。根据文中“Falling objects like bricks may injure people indoors, and they often cause landslides.”可知，地震会引发山体滑坡，其余选项均无对应描述。
2. C 写作意图题。文章主体部分逐一介绍了地震、台风、暴风雪、洪水、干旱这5种常见自然灾害的危害，结尾段中“These disasters remind us to protect nature.”点明了写作意图：介绍灾害并提醒人们保护自然。
3. A 细节理解题。根据文中“It blocks roads and railways, cutting off transportation. People may lose power and drinking water, making life difficult.”可知，与选项A描述一致。
解析
【分析】
本题为灾害主题的说明文阅读理解，包含3道题目，分别考查细节查找和写作意图理解。解题思路：1. 第1题是细节题，需根据题干关键词“landslides”定位原文对应段落，匹配灾害类型；2. 第2题是写作意图题，需梳理文章结构，明确前半部分介绍灾害、结尾点明主旨的逻辑，从而确定写作目的；3. 第3题是细节判断题，需将每个选项与原文对应内容逐一比对，排除错误选项，选出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据题干关键词“landslides”，定位到文中“Earthquake”段落的最后一句“Falling objects like bricks may injure people indoors, and they often cause landslides.”，可知地震会引发山体滑坡，对应选项B，故选B。
2. 第2题：通读全文，文章主体部分逐一介绍了地震、台风、暴风雪、洪水、干旱5种常见自然灾害，结尾段“These disasters remind us to protect nature.”点明主旨，因此文章的写作意图是介绍常见自然灾害并提醒人们保护自然，对应选项C，故选C。
3. 第3题：将选项与原文逐一比对：A选项对应“Snowstorm”段落的“It blocks roads and railways, cutting off transportation. People may lose power and drinking water, making life difficult.”，描述正确；B选项洪水段落提到“Polluted water spreads diseases, threatening health”，说明对健康有影响，错误；C选项干旱段落提到“crops die”，并非让作物长得更好，错误；D选项台风段落提到“brings strong winds and heavy rain”，并非只有强风，错误，故选A。
【答案】
1.B 2.C 3.A
【知识点】
阅读理解细节题、写作意图题、说明文主旨理解
【点评】
本题围绕灾害防范主题，通过说明文考查学生的信息定位与主旨把握能力，题型常规，需学生仔细研读原文提取关键信息，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.3
本题为灾害主题的说明文阅读理解，包含3道题目，分别考查细节查找和写作意图理解。解题思路：1. 第1题是细节题，需根据题干关键词“landslides”定位原文对应段落，匹配灾害类型；2. 第2题是写作意图题，需梳理文章结构，明确前半部分介绍灾害、结尾点明主旨的逻辑，从而确定写作目的；3. 第3题是细节判断题，需将每个选项与原文对应内容逐一比对，排除错误选项，选出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据题干关键词“landslides”，定位到文中“Earthquake”段落的最后一句“Falling objects like bricks may injure people indoors, and they often cause landslides.”，可知地震会引发山体滑坡，对应选项B，故选B。
2. 第2题：通读全文，文章主体部分逐一介绍了地震、台风、暴风雪、洪水、干旱5种常见自然灾害，结尾段“These disasters remind us to protect nature.”点明主旨，因此文章的写作意图是介绍常见自然灾害并提醒人们保护自然，对应选项C，故选C。
3. 第3题：将选项与原文逐一比对：A选项对应“Snowstorm”段落的“It blocks roads and railways, cutting off transportation. People may lose power and drinking water, making life difficult.”，描述正确；B选项洪水段落提到“Polluted water spreads diseases, threatening health”，说明对健康有影响，错误；C选项干旱段落提到“crops die”，并非让作物长得更好，错误；D选项台风段落提到“brings strong winds and heavy rain”，并非只有强风，错误，故选A。
【答案】
1.B 2.C 3.A
【知识点】
阅读理解细节题、写作意图题、说明文主旨理解
【点评】
本题围绕灾害防范主题，通过说明文考查学生的信息定位与主旨把握能力，题型常规，需学生仔细研读原文提取关键信息，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.3
