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Ⅳ. 完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Norman Bethune is one of the most famous heroes in China. He was a Canadian doctor. He came to China to help the Chinese people and died 1 them.
Norman Bethune was born in 1890. He became a doctor in 1916 and went to Spain in 1936 to 2 the wounded soldiers during the war there. He soon realised that many people were dying because they did not get to hospital quickly 3. Dr Bethune developed new ways of taking 4 of the sick. He invented special medical 5 to use outside hospitals and close to the fighting areas 6 doctors could treat the wounded more quickly. His inventions saved many lives.
In 1938, Dr Bethune came to China and helped treat the wounded during the Chinese People' War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. At that time, there were 7 doctors, so he had to work very hard on his own. He developed training courses for local doctors and nurses, and wrote books so that they could learn about 8 he treated the sick.
Dr Bethune often worked very hard without resting. Once, he even worked for sixty-nine hours 9 stopping and managed to save over a hundred lives. One day in 1939, he cut his finger during an operation, but he continued his work without treating it. In the end, he died of wound infection.
Dr Bethune’s work for the Chinese people made him a hero. He is still 10 in both China and Canada today.
1. A. for B. to C. with D. by
2. A. kill B. teach C. treat D. hurt
3. A. enough B. many C. often D. soon
4. A. look B. care C. part D. hold
5. A. tools B. hands C. medicines D. experiences
6. A. or B. because C. but D. so that
7. A. a few B. few C. a little D. little
8. A. why B. what C. how D. when
9. A. with B. without C. for D. by
10. A. forgotten B. treated C. born D. remembered
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Norman Bethune is one of the most famous heroes in China. He was a Canadian doctor. He came to China to help the Chinese people and died 1 them.
Norman Bethune was born in 1890. He became a doctor in 1916 and went to Spain in 1936 to 2 the wounded soldiers during the war there. He soon realised that many people were dying because they did not get to hospital quickly 3. Dr Bethune developed new ways of taking 4 of the sick. He invented special medical 5 to use outside hospitals and close to the fighting areas 6 doctors could treat the wounded more quickly. His inventions saved many lives.
In 1938, Dr Bethune came to China and helped treat the wounded during the Chinese People' War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. At that time, there were 7 doctors, so he had to work very hard on his own. He developed training courses for local doctors and nurses, and wrote books so that they could learn about 8 he treated the sick.
Dr Bethune often worked very hard without resting. Once, he even worked for sixty-nine hours 9 stopping and managed to save over a hundred lives. One day in 1939, he cut his finger during an operation, but he continued his work without treating it. In the end, he died of wound infection.
Dr Bethune’s work for the Chinese people made him a hero. He is still 10 in both China and Canada today.
1. A. for B. to C. with D. by
2. A. kill B. teach C. treat D. hurt
3. A. enough B. many C. often D. soon
4. A. look B. care C. part D. hold
5. A. tools B. hands C. medicines D. experiences
6. A. or B. because C. but D. so that
7. A. a few B. few C. a little D. little
8. A. why B. what C. how D. when
9. A. with B. without C. for D. by
10. A. forgotten B. treated C. born D. remembered
答案
1.A 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.D
解析
【分析】
做完形填空需先通读全文把握主旨（本文介绍白求恩大夫的英雄事迹），再逐空结合语境、固定搭配、词义辨析、语法知识等逐一分析选项，确保所选答案符合上下文逻辑和语言规则。
【解析】
1. 考查固定搭配。die for意为“为……牺牲”，此处指白求恩为中国人民牺牲，故选A。
2. 考查动词词义辨析。作为医生，去西班牙的目的是治疗伤员，treat（治疗）符合语境，kill（杀死）、teach（教）、hurt（伤害）均不符合，故选C。
3. 考查副词用法。句意：很多人因不能足够快到达医院而死亡。enough修饰副词quickly时需后置，quickly enough意为“足够快”，故选A。
4. 考查固定搭配。take care of是固定短语，意为“照顾”，符合语境，故选B。
5. 考查名词词义辨析。白求恩发明的是用于医院外靠近战场的医疗工具，tools（工具）符合，hands（手）、medicines（药）、experiences（经历）均不符合，故选A。
6. 考查连词用法。前后句是目的关系，so that意为“以便，为了”，引导目的状语从句，符合逻辑，or（或者）、because（因为）、but（但是）均不符合，故选D。
7. 考查形容词用法。doctors是可数名词复数，根据语境当时医生很少，表否定含义用few；a few表肯定（几个），little/a little修饰不可数名词，故选B。
8. 考查疑问词辨析。句意：写的书让他们学习如何治疗病人，how（如何）符合，why（为什么）、what（什么）、when（何时）均不符合，故选C。
9. 考查介词用法。句意：他连续工作69小时没有休息，without（没有）符合语境，with（有）、for（为了）、by（通过）均不符合，故选B。
10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在中加两国都记得他，remembered（记得）符合，forgotten（忘记）、treated（对待）、born（出生）均不符合，故选D。
【答案】
1.A 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.D
【知识点】
固定搭配、词义辨析、连词用法
【点评】
本文是人物故事类完形填空，围绕白求恩大夫的事迹展开，侧重考查初中核心词汇的词义辨析、固定搭配及连词用法，语境清晰，难度适中，适合学生巩固基础语言知识。
【难度系数】
0.6
做完形填空需先通读全文把握主旨（本文介绍白求恩大夫的英雄事迹），再逐空结合语境、固定搭配、词义辨析、语法知识等逐一分析选项，确保所选答案符合上下文逻辑和语言规则。
【解析】
1. 考查固定搭配。die for意为“为……牺牲”，此处指白求恩为中国人民牺牲，故选A。
2. 考查动词词义辨析。作为医生，去西班牙的目的是治疗伤员，treat（治疗）符合语境，kill（杀死）、teach（教）、hurt（伤害）均不符合，故选C。
3. 考查副词用法。句意：很多人因不能足够快到达医院而死亡。enough修饰副词quickly时需后置，quickly enough意为“足够快”，故选A。
4. 考查固定搭配。take care of是固定短语，意为“照顾”，符合语境，故选B。
5. 考查名词词义辨析。白求恩发明的是用于医院外靠近战场的医疗工具，tools（工具）符合，hands（手）、medicines（药）、experiences（经历）均不符合，故选A。
6. 考查连词用法。前后句是目的关系，so that意为“以便，为了”，引导目的状语从句，符合逻辑，or（或者）、because（因为）、but（但是）均不符合，故选D。
7. 考查形容词用法。doctors是可数名词复数，根据语境当时医生很少，表否定含义用few；a few表肯定（几个），little/a little修饰不可数名词，故选B。
8. 考查疑问词辨析。句意：写的书让他们学习如何治疗病人，how（如何）符合，why（为什么）、what（什么）、when（何时）均不符合，故选C。
9. 考查介词用法。句意：他连续工作69小时没有休息，without（没有）符合语境，with（有）、for（为了）、by（通过）均不符合，故选B。
10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在中加两国都记得他，remembered（记得）符合，forgotten（忘记）、treated（对待）、born（出生）均不符合，故选D。
【答案】
1.A 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.D
【知识点】
固定搭配、词义辨析、连词用法
【点评】
本文是人物故事类完形填空，围绕白求恩大夫的事迹展开，侧重考查初中核心词汇的词义辨析、固定搭配及连词用法，语境清晰，难度适中，适合学生巩固基础语言知识。
【难度系数】
0.6
Ⅴ. 阅读理解
阅读下面的材料，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Liang Jianying is a chief scientist at CRRC Group. She has devoted（奉献）herself to railway research for over 30 years. In 2006, at the age of 34, she became the chief designer of China’s first 300 km/h high-speed train, leading a team of hundreds of engineers. One year later, the train was successfully completed, marking a major breakthrough for China’s railway industry.
In 2008, Liang took on a greater challenge. She led the research of the CRH380A high-speed train, which was then the world’s fastest train in operation. Her team worked day and night to complete over 450 simulation calculations（仿真计算）, 1,050 ground tests and 2,800 line tests. Their hard work paid off. In 2010, the CRH380A reached a speed of 486.1 km/h on the Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway, setting a world record for the fastest speed in railway operation.
Later, Liang led the development of the “Fuxing” bullet train. Her team conducted more than 3,000 noise tests to reduce the noise inside the train by 4 to 6 decibels（分贝）, greatly improving passenger comfort. The “Fuxing” train was designed for speeds of 350 km/h, with enhanced comfort and safety features. Her work has helped China become the world leader in high-speed rail.
Liang once said, “If it is hard to stand on the shoulders of giants, then we will become giants ourselves.” She also stressed the importance of teamwork. In 2024, she received the national award for scientific and technological progress. In July 2026, she was named one of the “Touching China” 2025 People of the Year. Her story continues to encourage young engineers to pursue（追求）innovation and excellence.
1. What was Liang Jianying’s job in 2006?
A. She was a teacher at a university.
B. She was the chief designer of a high-speed train.
C. She was a driver of the CRH380A train.
D. She was a worker at a railway station.
2. How fast did the CRH380A reach on the Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway in 2010?
A. 300 km/h.
B. 350 km/h.
C. 486.1 km/h.
D. 600 km/h.
3. What can we infer about Liang Jianying’s work on the “Fuxing” bullet train?
A. She only focused on making the train faster.
B. She did all the noise tests by herself.
C. She thought noise inside the train was not important.
D. She paid attention to both speed and passenger comfort.
4. What does Liang Jianying’s words “we will become giants ourselves” tell us about her?
A. She wanted to be taller than others.
B. She believed in hard work and innovation instead of just following others.
C. She thought she was better than foreign scientists.
D. She didn’t need anyone’s help.
5. What is the best title for this passage?
A. The History of Chinese High-Speed Rail.
B. How to Become a Chief Scientist.
C. Liang Jianying—A Scientist Who Built China’s Railway Speed.
D. The CRH380A Train.
阅读下面的材料，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Liang Jianying is a chief scientist at CRRC Group. She has devoted（奉献）herself to railway research for over 30 years. In 2006, at the age of 34, she became the chief designer of China’s first 300 km/h high-speed train, leading a team of hundreds of engineers. One year later, the train was successfully completed, marking a major breakthrough for China’s railway industry.
In 2008, Liang took on a greater challenge. She led the research of the CRH380A high-speed train, which was then the world’s fastest train in operation. Her team worked day and night to complete over 450 simulation calculations（仿真计算）, 1,050 ground tests and 2,800 line tests. Their hard work paid off. In 2010, the CRH380A reached a speed of 486.1 km/h on the Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway, setting a world record for the fastest speed in railway operation.
Later, Liang led the development of the “Fuxing” bullet train. Her team conducted more than 3,000 noise tests to reduce the noise inside the train by 4 to 6 decibels（分贝）, greatly improving passenger comfort. The “Fuxing” train was designed for speeds of 350 km/h, with enhanced comfort and safety features. Her work has helped China become the world leader in high-speed rail.
Liang once said, “If it is hard to stand on the shoulders of giants, then we will become giants ourselves.” She also stressed the importance of teamwork. In 2024, she received the national award for scientific and technological progress. In July 2026, she was named one of the “Touching China” 2025 People of the Year. Her story continues to encourage young engineers to pursue（追求）innovation and excellence.
1. What was Liang Jianying’s job in 2006?
A. She was a teacher at a university.
B. She was the chief designer of a high-speed train.
C. She was a driver of the CRH380A train.
D. She was a worker at a railway station.
2. How fast did the CRH380A reach on the Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway in 2010?
A. 300 km/h.
B. 350 km/h.
C. 486.1 km/h.
D. 600 km/h.
3. What can we infer about Liang Jianying’s work on the “Fuxing” bullet train?
A. She only focused on making the train faster.
B. She did all the noise tests by herself.
C. She thought noise inside the train was not important.
D. She paid attention to both speed and passenger comfort.
4. What does Liang Jianying’s words “we will become giants ourselves” tell us about her?
A. She wanted to be taller than others.
B. She believed in hard work and innovation instead of just following others.
C. She thought she was better than foreign scientists.
D. She didn’t need anyone’s help.
5. What is the best title for this passage?
A. The History of Chinese High-Speed Rail.
B. How to Become a Chief Scientist.
C. Liang Jianying—A Scientist Who Built China’s Railway Speed.
D. The CRH380A Train.
答案
1.B 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.C
解析
【分析】做此类阅读理解题，需先通读全文把握主旨，再针对每小题的问题，回到原文定位相关信息，对比选项逐一排除错误答案，选出最佳选项。具体到各题：第1题需定位2006年梁建英的职位；第2题定位CRH380A在2010年京沪高铁的速度；第3题结合复兴号的研发内容推断她的工作重点；第4题结合上下文理解她的话语含义；第5题归纳全文主旨确定最佳标题。
【解析】1. 根据原文第一段“In 2006, at the age of 34, she became the chief designer of China’s first 300 km/h high-speed train”，可知2006年她是高铁总设计师，对应选项B；2. 根据原文第二段“In 2010, the CRH380A reached a speed of 486.1 km/h on the Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway”，可知速度为486.1km/h，对应选项C；3. 根据原文第三段，复兴号设计速度350km/h，同时做了大量噪音测试提升乘客舒适度，可知她兼顾速度和舒适度，对应选项D；4. 结合上下文，她的话强调要自身创新、团队合作而非仅依赖他人，对应选项B；5. 全文围绕梁建英在高铁领域的贡献展开，对应选项C。
【答案】1.B 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.C
【知识点】阅读理解（细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意）
【点评】本文为人物介绍类阅读理解，考查学生快速定位原文信息、推理判断及归纳主旨的能力，题目以基础细节题为主，少量推理题，需学生仔细阅读原文对应内容即可作答。
【难度系数】0.6
【解析】1. 根据原文第一段“In 2006, at the age of 34, she became the chief designer of China’s first 300 km/h high-speed train”，可知2006年她是高铁总设计师，对应选项B；2. 根据原文第二段“In 2010, the CRH380A reached a speed of 486.1 km/h on the Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway”，可知速度为486.1km/h，对应选项C；3. 根据原文第三段，复兴号设计速度350km/h，同时做了大量噪音测试提升乘客舒适度，可知她兼顾速度和舒适度，对应选项D；4. 结合上下文，她的话强调要自身创新、团队合作而非仅依赖他人，对应选项B；5. 全文围绕梁建英在高铁领域的贡献展开，对应选项C。
【答案】1.B 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.C
【知识点】阅读理解（细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意）
【点评】本文为人物介绍类阅读理解，考查学生快速定位原文信息、推理判断及归纳主旨的能力，题目以基础细节题为主，少量推理题，需学生仔细阅读原文对应内容即可作答。
【难度系数】0.6
