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二、阅读理解
Honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals can’t talk, but can they lie in other ways?
Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees(黑猩猩), behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive.
Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the "hurt" adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.
Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food, so it always has something to eat. They are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, dig the food and hide it again somewhere else.
Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner’s hand and start fighting again.
Chimps are sneaky in other ways too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don’t hear them, and they don’t need to share their food.
As children, many of us learn the saying, "You can’t fool Mother Nature." But maybe you can’t trust her either.
(
A. getting closer to its young
B. driving away the predator
C. leaving its young in another nest
D. pretending to be injured
(
A. Chimps are ready to attack others.
B. Chimps are sometimes dishonest.
C. Chimps are jealous of the winners.
D. Chimps can be selfish too.
(
A. Animals can also tell lies.
B. Honesty helps animals survive.
C. Mother Nature can fool animals.
D. Animals learn to lie from childhood.
(
A. In a tourist guide.
B. In a physics book.
C. In a nature magazine.
D. In an advertisement.
Honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals can’t talk, but can they lie in other ways?
Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees(黑猩猩), behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive.
Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the "hurt" adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.
Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food, so it always has something to eat. They are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, dig the food and hide it again somewhere else.
Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner’s hand and start fighting again.
Chimps are sneaky in other ways too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don’t hear them, and they don’t need to share their food.
As children, many of us learn the saying, "You can’t fool Mother Nature." But maybe you can’t trust her either.
(
D
) 1. A plover protects its young from a predator by .A. getting closer to its young
B. driving away the predator
C. leaving its young in another nest
D. pretending to be injured
(
B
) 2. What does the underlined sentence "Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky." in paragraph 5 mean?A. Chimps are ready to attack others.
B. Chimps are sometimes dishonest.
C. Chimps are jealous of the winners.
D. Chimps can be selfish too.
(
A
) 3. What does the passage mainly want to tell us?A. Animals can also tell lies.
B. Honesty helps animals survive.
C. Mother Nature can fool animals.
D. Animals learn to lie from childhood.
(
C
) 4. Where can you probably find the passage?A. In a tourist guide.
B. In a physics book.
C. In a nature magazine.
D. In an advertisement.
答案
1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C
解析
【分析】
解题思路：先通读全文，明确文章核心是动物的欺骗行为。针对每道题采用对应方法：1.细节理解题，定位原文对应段落找答案；2.词义猜测题，结合上下文语境推断划线词含义；3.主旨大意题，梳理全文内容提炼核心；4.文章出处题，根据内容属性判断来源。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据第三段“a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young”可知，鸻鸟通过假装受伤引开捕食者保护幼鸟，故选D。
2. 词义猜测题：结合上下文，文章围绕动物的不诚实（欺骗）行为展开，sneaky在此处意为“不诚实的”，对应选项B。
3. 主旨大意题：全文列举了鸻鸟、丛鸦、黑猩猩等动物的欺骗行为，核心是动物也会有不诚实的表现，故选A。
4. 文章出处题：文章内容是关于动物的自然行为，属于自然科学范畴，最可能出自自然杂志，故选C。
【答案】
1.D 2.B 3.A 4.C
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解、主旨大意
【点评】
本文是科普类阅读理解，考查学生对不同题型的解题能力，需准确提取原文信息、结合语境推断，难度适中，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.7
解题思路：先通读全文，明确文章核心是动物的欺骗行为。针对每道题采用对应方法：1.细节理解题，定位原文对应段落找答案；2.词义猜测题，结合上下文语境推断划线词含义；3.主旨大意题，梳理全文内容提炼核心；4.文章出处题，根据内容属性判断来源。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据第三段“a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young”可知，鸻鸟通过假装受伤引开捕食者保护幼鸟，故选D。
2. 词义猜测题：结合上下文，文章围绕动物的不诚实（欺骗）行为展开，sneaky在此处意为“不诚实的”，对应选项B。
3. 主旨大意题：全文列举了鸻鸟、丛鸦、黑猩猩等动物的欺骗行为，核心是动物也会有不诚实的表现，故选A。
4. 文章出处题：文章内容是关于动物的自然行为，属于自然科学范畴，最可能出自自然杂志，故选C。
【答案】
1.D 2.B 3.A 4.C
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解、主旨大意
【点评】
本文是科普类阅读理解，考查学生对不同题型的解题能力，需准确提取原文信息、结合语境推断，难度适中，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.7
