三、完形填空(本题有15小题,每小题1分,共计15分)
阅读下面的短文,从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
Wang Yongzhi, one of the famous rocket(火箭) scientists, played a leading role in China's manned spaceflight programme. He was $\underline{21}$ the Medal of the Republic in September 2024, about three months after his passing away.
He was born in a poor family in Liaoning Province in 1932. He $\underline{22}$ very hard when he was young. In 1952, he went to Tsinghua University. In 1955, he was $\underline{23}$ to study at the Moscow Aviation Institute. $\underline{24}$, two years later, Wang changed his major after $\underline{25}$ that China needed some students to learn how to $\underline{26}$ carrier rockets and ballistic missiles(弹道导弹). In the summer of 1961, Wang graduated and $\underline{27}$ to China.
He $\underline{28}$ working on rocket design. During his work, he designed a number of $\underline{29}$ and missiles. In 1992, he was named $\underline{30}$ the chief planner in the nation's manned spaceflight programme, although he was already 60. The task brought him a great deal of $\underline{31}$, but he stuck to his task because he thought it was his $\underline{32}$ to make the nation's dream of flying into space come true. Under the scientist's leadership, China $\underline{33}$ finished its first manned spaceflight in 2003. For his contribution(贡献) to China's spaceflight programme, Wang $\underline{34}$ the National Highest Science and Technology Award in the same year. In 2005, he saw the $\underline{35}$ of China's second manned spaceflight.
After retirement(退休), Wang was still energetic. He continued to provide suggestions for the building of China's space station and the manned lunar landing programme.
()21. A. told B. given C. awarded D. shown
()22. A. studied B. thought C. played D. lived
()23. A. asked B. allowed C. invited D. sent
()24. A. However B. Besides C. Finally D. Suddenly
()25. A. reading B. learning C. writing D. talking
()26. A. buy B. sell C. design D. draw
()27. A. travelled B. moved C. flew D. returned
()28. A. started B. stopped C. remembered D. forgot
()29. A. planes B. rockets C. ships D. cars
()30. A. for B. as C. with D. to
()31. A. stress B. fun C. joy D. luck
()32. A. hobby B. habit C. interest D. duty
()33. A. carefully B. successfully C. slowly D. quickly
()34. A. refused B. kept C. received D. brought
()35. A. failure B. success C. problem D. difficulty
阅读下面的短文,从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
Wang Yongzhi, one of the famous rocket(火箭) scientists, played a leading role in China's manned spaceflight programme. He was $\underline{21}$ the Medal of the Republic in September 2024, about three months after his passing away.
He was born in a poor family in Liaoning Province in 1932. He $\underline{22}$ very hard when he was young. In 1952, he went to Tsinghua University. In 1955, he was $\underline{23}$ to study at the Moscow Aviation Institute. $\underline{24}$, two years later, Wang changed his major after $\underline{25}$ that China needed some students to learn how to $\underline{26}$ carrier rockets and ballistic missiles(弹道导弹). In the summer of 1961, Wang graduated and $\underline{27}$ to China.
He $\underline{28}$ working on rocket design. During his work, he designed a number of $\underline{29}$ and missiles. In 1992, he was named $\underline{30}$ the chief planner in the nation's manned spaceflight programme, although he was already 60. The task brought him a great deal of $\underline{31}$, but he stuck to his task because he thought it was his $\underline{32}$ to make the nation's dream of flying into space come true. Under the scientist's leadership, China $\underline{33}$ finished its first manned spaceflight in 2003. For his contribution(贡献) to China's spaceflight programme, Wang $\underline{34}$ the National Highest Science and Technology Award in the same year. In 2005, he saw the $\underline{35}$ of China's second manned spaceflight.
After retirement(退休), Wang was still energetic. He continued to provide suggestions for the building of China's space station and the manned lunar landing programme.
()21. A. told B. given C. awarded D. shown
()22. A. studied B. thought C. played D. lived
()23. A. asked B. allowed C. invited D. sent
()24. A. However B. Besides C. Finally D. Suddenly
()25. A. reading B. learning C. writing D. talking
()26. A. buy B. sell C. design D. draw
()27. A. travelled B. moved C. flew D. returned
()28. A. started B. stopped C. remembered D. forgot
()29. A. planes B. rockets C. ships D. cars
()30. A. for B. as C. with D. to
()31. A. stress B. fun C. joy D. luck
()32. A. hobby B. habit C. interest D. duty
()33. A. carefully B. successfully C. slowly D. quickly
()34. A. refused B. kept C. received D. brought
()35. A. failure B. success C. problem D. difficulty
答案
21.C 22.A 23.D 24.A 25.B 26.C 27.D 28.A 29.B 30.B 31.A 32.D 33.B 34.C 35.B
【完形填空】
本文是一篇记叙文,介绍火箭科学家王永志的生平与贡献:他出身贫困,早年刻苦学习,留学时因国家需求转攻运载火箭专业,回国后投身火箭设计,60岁担任载人航天工程总设计师,克服压力完成中国首次载人航天飞行,获多项荣誉,退休后仍为航天事业献策,去世后被追授“共和国勋章”。
第21题:考查动词辨析及语境。根据文章“He was ______ the Medal of the Republic”,此处是“被授予共和国勋章”,C选项awarded有“授予(正式荣誉)”的专属含义;A选项told(告诉)、B选项given(普通给予)、D选项shown(展示)均不符合“勋章”的正式荣誉属性。故选C。
第24题:考查连词辨析及语境。前文是“被派往莫斯科航空学院学习”,后文是“两年后换专业”,存在转折关系,A选项However(然而)体现转折逻辑;B选项Besides(此外)、C选项Finally(最终)、D选项Suddenly(突然)均不匹配转折语境。故选A。
第25题:考查动词辨析及语境。根据文章“after ... that China needed some students to learn ...”,这里是“意识到国家有需求后换专业”,B选项learning在这里表示“了解、意识到”的语义;A选项reading(阅读)、C选项writing(写作)、D选项talking(交谈)都无法准确表达“感知到国家需求”的逻辑。故选B。
第32题:考查名词辨析及语境。根据文章“it was his ______ to make the nation's dream of flying into space come true”,此处指“实现国家航天梦的使命”,D选项duty(责任、使命)符合“家国重任”的厚重语境;A选项hobby(爱好)、B选项habit(习惯)、C选项interest(兴趣)均无法体现“国家使命”的语义。故选D。
【完形填空】
本文是一篇记叙文,介绍火箭科学家王永志的生平与贡献:他出身贫困,早年刻苦学习,留学时因国家需求转攻运载火箭专业,回国后投身火箭设计,60岁担任载人航天工程总设计师,克服压力完成中国首次载人航天飞行,获多项荣誉,退休后仍为航天事业献策,去世后被追授“共和国勋章”。
第21题:考查动词辨析及语境。根据文章“He was ______ the Medal of the Republic”,此处是“被授予共和国勋章”,C选项awarded有“授予(正式荣誉)”的专属含义;A选项told(告诉)、B选项given(普通给予)、D选项shown(展示)均不符合“勋章”的正式荣誉属性。故选C。
第24题:考查连词辨析及语境。前文是“被派往莫斯科航空学院学习”,后文是“两年后换专业”,存在转折关系,A选项However(然而)体现转折逻辑;B选项Besides(此外)、C选项Finally(最终)、D选项Suddenly(突然)均不匹配转折语境。故选A。
第25题:考查动词辨析及语境。根据文章“after ... that China needed some students to learn ...”,这里是“意识到国家有需求后换专业”,B选项learning在这里表示“了解、意识到”的语义;A选项reading(阅读)、C选项writing(写作)、D选项talking(交谈)都无法准确表达“感知到国家需求”的逻辑。故选B。
第32题:考查名词辨析及语境。根据文章“it was his ______ to make the nation's dream of flying into space come true”,此处指“实现国家航天梦的使命”,D选项duty(责任、使命)符合“家国重任”的厚重语境;A选项hobby(爱好)、B选项habit(习惯)、C选项interest(兴趣)均无法体现“国家使命”的语义。故选D。
解析
【分析】
做完形填空需遵循“先通读明大意,逐题析语境,辨词义选最佳”的思路:第一步快速通读全文,明确文章围绕火箭科学家王永志的生平与航天贡献展开,把握核心内容;第二步逐题分析,结合空格前后的语境、词汇搭配、逻辑关系(如转折、因果),辨析选项词汇的含义与用法,排除不符合语境的选项;第三步最后通读全文,验证所选答案是否使文章通顺连贯。
【解析】
21题:考查动词辨析。句意:他在2024年9月被授予“共和国勋章”。award意为“授予(正式荣誉)”,符合勋章授予的语境;tell(告诉)、give(普通给予)、show(展示)均不适合搭配“勋章”,故选C。
22题:考查动词辨析。句意:他年轻时学习非常努力。study(学习)符合“刻苦学习”的语境;think(思考)、play(玩耍)、live(生活)不符合,故选A。
23题:考查动词辨析。句意:1955年,他被派往莫斯科航空学院学习。send(派遣)符合“被派往国外学习”的语境;ask(要求)、allow(允许)、invite(邀请)均不符合,故选D。
24题:考查连词辨析。前文是被派往莫斯科学习,后文是换专业,存在转折关系,however(然而)表转折;besides(此外)表递进,finally(最终)表顺序,suddenly(突然)表意外,故选A。
25题:考查动词辨析。句意:在了解到中国需要相关人才后,他换了专业。learn在此处意为“了解、得知”,符合语境;read(阅读)、write(写作)、talk(交谈)均不合适,故选B。
26题:考查动词辨析。句意:学习如何设计运载火箭和弹道导弹。design(设计)符合航天领域的专业动作;buy(购买)、sell(售卖)、draw(绘画)不符合,故选C。
27题:考查动词辨析。句意:1961年他毕业并返回中国。return(返回)符合“回国”的语境;travel(旅行)、move(移动)、fly(飞行)均不贴合,故选D。
28题:考查动词辨析。句意:他开始从事火箭设计工作。start(开始)符合“投身工作”的语境;stop(停止)、remember(记得)、forget(忘记)不符合,故选A。
29题:考查名词辨析。句意:他设计了许多火箭和导弹。rocket(火箭)对应前文的火箭设计;plane(飞机)、ship(轮船)、car(汽车)不符合,故选B。
30题:考查介词辨析。句意:他被任命为载人航天工程总设计师。be named as是固定搭配,意为“被任命为”;for(为了)、with(和)、to(到)均不搭配,故选B。
31题:考查名词辨析。句意:这个任务给他带来了很大压力。stress(压力)符合60岁承担重任的语境;fun(乐趣)、joy(快乐)、luck(运气)不符合,故选A。
32题:考查名词辨析。句意:实现国家航天梦是他的责任。duty(责任、使命)符合家国重任的语境;hobby(爱好)、habit(习惯)、interest(兴趣)不符合,故选D。
33题:考查副词辨析。句意:中国成功完成首次载人航天飞行。successfully(成功地)符合语境;carefully(仔细地)、slowly(慢慢地)、quickly(快速地)不符合,故选B。
34题:考查动词辨析。句意:他获得了国家最高科学技术奖。receive(获得)符合获奖的语境;refuse(拒绝)、keep(保持)、bring(带来)不符合,故选C。
35题:考查名词辨析。句意:他见证了第二次载人航天飞行的成功。success(成功)符合语境;failure(失败)、problem(问题)、difficulty(困难)不符合,故选B。
【答案】
21.C 22.A 23.D 24.A 25.B 26.C 27.D 28.A 29.B 30.B 31.A 32.D 33.B 34.C 35.B
【知识点】
完形填空词汇辨析、语境理解、逻辑连词运用
【点评】
本文是介绍火箭科学家王永志的记叙文,围绕其生平与航天贡献展开,既考查词汇辨析能力,也要求结合上下文语境和逻辑关系解题,整体难度适中,能帮助学生提升完形填空的解题技巧。
【难度系数】
0.6
做完形填空需遵循“先通读明大意,逐题析语境,辨词义选最佳”的思路:第一步快速通读全文,明确文章围绕火箭科学家王永志的生平与航天贡献展开,把握核心内容;第二步逐题分析,结合空格前后的语境、词汇搭配、逻辑关系(如转折、因果),辨析选项词汇的含义与用法,排除不符合语境的选项;第三步最后通读全文,验证所选答案是否使文章通顺连贯。
【解析】
21题:考查动词辨析。句意:他在2024年9月被授予“共和国勋章”。award意为“授予(正式荣誉)”,符合勋章授予的语境;tell(告诉)、give(普通给予)、show(展示)均不适合搭配“勋章”,故选C。
22题:考查动词辨析。句意:他年轻时学习非常努力。study(学习)符合“刻苦学习”的语境;think(思考)、play(玩耍)、live(生活)不符合,故选A。
23题:考查动词辨析。句意:1955年,他被派往莫斯科航空学院学习。send(派遣)符合“被派往国外学习”的语境;ask(要求)、allow(允许)、invite(邀请)均不符合,故选D。
24题:考查连词辨析。前文是被派往莫斯科学习,后文是换专业,存在转折关系,however(然而)表转折;besides(此外)表递进,finally(最终)表顺序,suddenly(突然)表意外,故选A。
25题:考查动词辨析。句意:在了解到中国需要相关人才后,他换了专业。learn在此处意为“了解、得知”,符合语境;read(阅读)、write(写作)、talk(交谈)均不合适,故选B。
26题:考查动词辨析。句意:学习如何设计运载火箭和弹道导弹。design(设计)符合航天领域的专业动作;buy(购买)、sell(售卖)、draw(绘画)不符合,故选C。
27题:考查动词辨析。句意:1961年他毕业并返回中国。return(返回)符合“回国”的语境;travel(旅行)、move(移动)、fly(飞行)均不贴合,故选D。
28题:考查动词辨析。句意:他开始从事火箭设计工作。start(开始)符合“投身工作”的语境;stop(停止)、remember(记得)、forget(忘记)不符合,故选A。
29题:考查名词辨析。句意:他设计了许多火箭和导弹。rocket(火箭)对应前文的火箭设计;plane(飞机)、ship(轮船)、car(汽车)不符合,故选B。
30题:考查介词辨析。句意:他被任命为载人航天工程总设计师。be named as是固定搭配,意为“被任命为”;for(为了)、with(和)、to(到)均不搭配,故选B。
31题:考查名词辨析。句意:这个任务给他带来了很大压力。stress(压力)符合60岁承担重任的语境;fun(乐趣)、joy(快乐)、luck(运气)不符合,故选A。
32题:考查名词辨析。句意:实现国家航天梦是他的责任。duty(责任、使命)符合家国重任的语境;hobby(爱好)、habit(习惯)、interest(兴趣)不符合,故选D。
33题:考查副词辨析。句意:中国成功完成首次载人航天飞行。successfully(成功地)符合语境;carefully(仔细地)、slowly(慢慢地)、quickly(快速地)不符合,故选B。
34题:考查动词辨析。句意:他获得了国家最高科学技术奖。receive(获得)符合获奖的语境;refuse(拒绝)、keep(保持)、bring(带来)不符合,故选C。
35题:考查名词辨析。句意:他见证了第二次载人航天飞行的成功。success(成功)符合语境;failure(失败)、problem(问题)、difficulty(困难)不符合,故选B。
【答案】
21.C 22.A 23.D 24.A 25.B 26.C 27.D 28.A 29.B 30.B 31.A 32.D 33.B 34.C 35.B
【知识点】
完形填空词汇辨析、语境理解、逻辑连词运用
【点评】
本文是介绍火箭科学家王永志的记叙文,围绕其生平与航天贡献展开,既考查词汇辨析能力,也要求结合上下文语境和逻辑关系解题,整体难度适中,能帮助学生提升完形填空的解题技巧。
【难度系数】
0.6
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