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（七）
Many people explain the meaning of purity to someone by giving the example of the lotus. The lotus is a plant growing in the dirty earth. But its leaves are not dirty at all. How does the lotus clean itself? Scientists have got the answer.
The lotus leaf is round and large on the water. It is almost impossible to get it wet. Why? That's because the lotus leaf has a kind of wax（蜡）on its surface. The wax can keep the water away quickly. If you put water on a lotus leaf，the water will get off it right away. At the same time，the dirty things will be taken away by the water. This is the reason why the lotus leaf always stays clean. It's the same to the lotus flowers. So we often see the lotus in bright colours.
The “lotus effect（荷叶效应）” inspired ideas of inventions. Circle the related ancient invention.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Many people explain the meaning of purity to someone by giving the example of the lotus. The lotus is a plant growing in the dirty earth. But its leaves are not dirty at all. How does the lotus clean itself? Scientists have got the answer.
The lotus leaf is round and large on the water. It is almost impossible to get it wet. Why? That's because the lotus leaf has a kind of wax（蜡）on its surface. The wax can keep the water away quickly. If you put water on a lotus leaf，the water will get off it right away. At the same time，the dirty things will be taken away by the water. This is the reason why the lotus leaf always stays clean. It's the same to the lotus flowers. So we often see the lotus in bright colours.
The “lotus effect（荷叶效应）” inspired ideas of inventions. Circle the related ancient invention.
A.
B.
C.
D.
答案
圈 C
解析
【分析】
解题时首先要先通读给定的科普短文，从中提炼出“荷叶效应”的核心原理：荷叶表面的特殊蜡质层有强疏水性，水无法附着在叶面上，会立刻滚落同时带走表面的脏污，实现防水、自清洁的效果。接下来我们只需要从四个古代发明选项中，找到功能、原理和“疏水防水、防污”的核心特点匹配的发明，排除原理完全不相关的选项，就能得到正确答案。
【解析】
1. 先从文本提取关键信息：荷叶效应的核心是物体表面具备疏水特性，水接触后会直接滑落，同时带走表面附着的脏污，实现防水、不易沾脏的效果。
2. 逐一比对选项对应的古代发明：其余选项的古代发明原理和疏水防水无关，只有C选项对应的古代发明（油纸伞，表面涂刷的桐油形成疏水防水层，雨水落在伞面会直接滑落，既不会打湿伞下的人，也能顺带带走伞面浮尘）的工作逻辑和荷叶效应完全契合，因此选择C。
【答案】
圈 C
【知识点】
科普信息提取
荷叶效应原理
古代发明常识
【点评】
这是一道跨学科的趣味阅读题，既考察学生从英语说明文中抓取核心关键信息的阅读能力，也结合了生活常识、古代科技常识的积累，引导学生了解仿生学在生活发明中的应用，题目趣味性强，解题门槛不高。
【难度系数】
0.7
解题时首先要先通读给定的科普短文，从中提炼出“荷叶效应”的核心原理：荷叶表面的特殊蜡质层有强疏水性，水无法附着在叶面上，会立刻滚落同时带走表面的脏污，实现防水、自清洁的效果。接下来我们只需要从四个古代发明选项中，找到功能、原理和“疏水防水、防污”的核心特点匹配的发明，排除原理完全不相关的选项，就能得到正确答案。
【解析】
1. 先从文本提取关键信息：荷叶效应的核心是物体表面具备疏水特性，水接触后会直接滑落，同时带走表面附着的脏污，实现防水、不易沾脏的效果。
2. 逐一比对选项对应的古代发明：其余选项的古代发明原理和疏水防水无关，只有C选项对应的古代发明（油纸伞，表面涂刷的桐油形成疏水防水层，雨水落在伞面会直接滑落，既不会打湿伞下的人，也能顺带带走伞面浮尘）的工作逻辑和荷叶效应完全契合，因此选择C。
【答案】
圈 C
【知识点】
科普信息提取
荷叶效应原理
古代发明常识
【点评】
这是一道跨学科的趣味阅读题，既考察学生从英语说明文中抓取核心关键信息的阅读能力，也结合了生活常识、古代科技常识的积累，引导学生了解仿生学在生活发明中的应用，题目趣味性强，解题门槛不高。
【难度系数】
0.7
（八）
During the Tianshun reigning period of the Ming Dynasty，Yang Gongfu，a high-ranking official of Nanjing，sent his servant boy to fish for duckweed（浮萍）and algae（水藻）from Xuanwu Lake for feeding pigs. This issue was witnessed（目睹）by Wu Sian，an official of Nanjing Court of Censors near Xuanwu Lake，who believed it improper. So he sent someone to stop the servant boy of Family Yang. Yang was displeased with it and wrote a doggerel（打油诗），“The lake side near the Taiping Dyke is not a farmland passed down by your ancestors（祖先）. Now that you cannot bear some floating duckweed，how can your mind be broad enough for poling a boat?” The Chinese idiom “A prime minister's mind should be broad enough for poling a boat.” has originated from this doggerel.
During the Tianshun reigning period of the Ming Dynasty，Yang Gongfu，a high-ranking official of Nanjing，sent his servant boy to fish for duckweed（浮萍）and algae（水藻）from Xuanwu Lake for feeding pigs. This issue was witnessed（目睹）by Wu Sian，an official of Nanjing Court of Censors near Xuanwu Lake，who believed it improper. So he sent someone to stop the servant boy of Family Yang. Yang was displeased with it and wrote a doggerel（打油诗），“The lake side near the Taiping Dyke is not a farmland passed down by your ancestors（祖先）. Now that you cannot bear some floating duckweed，how can your mind be broad enough for poling a boat?” The Chinese idiom “A prime minister's mind should be broad enough for poling a boat.” has originated from this doggerel.
宰相肚里能撑船。
答案
宰相肚里能撑船。
解析
【分析】
拿到这道题后，首先通读全文梳理故事脉络：题目介绍了明代天顺年间两位官员因玄武湖捞浮萍的小事产生分歧，其中一位官员所作的打油诗演化出了指定中文成语，同时题目已经给出了该成语对应的完整英文表述，我们可以先把这段英文直译得到“宰相的心胸宽阔到足以撑行一艘船”，再结合日常积累的中文经典俗语，就能顺理成章推导出对应的答案。
【解析】
第一步：提取文本关键信息，明确该成语的来源是明代相关典故，对应的英文表述直译含义为“身居高位的宰相心胸足够开阔，大到可以在里面撑船”；
第二步：结合对中国传统常用俗语的积累，匹配得到对应的中文成语。
【答案】
宰相肚里能撑船。
【知识点】
俗语典故识记，文学文化常识
【点评】
本题以英文介绍中国传统典故的新颖形式出题，既锻炼了学生的文本信息提取能力，也考察了学生对家喻户晓的传统俗语的掌握程度，能帮助学生进一步了解经典俗语的由来，兼具知识性和趣味性。
【难度系数】
0.8
拿到这道题后，首先通读全文梳理故事脉络：题目介绍了明代天顺年间两位官员因玄武湖捞浮萍的小事产生分歧，其中一位官员所作的打油诗演化出了指定中文成语，同时题目已经给出了该成语对应的完整英文表述，我们可以先把这段英文直译得到“宰相的心胸宽阔到足以撑行一艘船”，再结合日常积累的中文经典俗语，就能顺理成章推导出对应的答案。
【解析】
第一步：提取文本关键信息，明确该成语的来源是明代相关典故，对应的英文表述直译含义为“身居高位的宰相心胸足够开阔，大到可以在里面撑船”；
第二步：结合对中国传统常用俗语的积累，匹配得到对应的中文成语。
【答案】
宰相肚里能撑船。
【知识点】
俗语典故识记，文学文化常识
【点评】
本题以英文介绍中国传统典故的新颖形式出题，既锻炼了学生的文本信息提取能力，也考察了学生对家喻户晓的传统俗语的掌握程度，能帮助学生进一步了解经典俗语的由来，兼具知识性和趣味性。
【难度系数】
0.8
