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七、跨学科 生物 阅读理解。
主题群:自然生态
子主题:和谐共生
语篇类型:说明文
词数:330
难度:★★☆
A forest is like a football team. It sounds unusual, but it's true. Each player does an important job, but they can't win by themselves, so they work together. The same is true of all plants and animals in a forest. They depend on each other to live. We call this an ecosystem.
There are three jobs in an ecosystem: producer(生产者), consumer(消费者) and decomposer(分解者). The trees in the forest produce food by themselves. Giraffes themselves can't make their food, so they consume or eat the trees' leaves. But sometimes hungry lions or other animals eat them. When animals die, their bodies become part of the soil and air to help the forest grow. So the ecosystem can keep on going.
Ecosystems come in lots of kinds and sizes. A back garden or even a big sea can be an ecosystem. The key thing is that an ecosystem has to be balanced. If there weren't animals to eat giraffes, giraffes would eat too many leaves. This wouldn't be good for the trees, and this would make it difficult for giraffes to find food. Different weather and natural disasters can also change the ecosystems. People can also bring problems by cutting down the trees and so on.
Ecosystems are everywhere. They play an important part in our life. It is necessary for us to do what we can to keep them working well.
1. 创新考法 行文方式 How does the writer start this text?
A. By listing numbers.
B. By asking a question.
C. By telling a story.
D. By giving an example.
2. How many jobs are there in an ecosystem?
A. Five.
B. Four.
C. Three.
D. Two.
3. What can we know from the third paragraph?
A. People plant many trees every year.
B. A terrible earthquake can change the ecosystems.
C. It's difficult for giraffes to find food now.
D. Ecosystems exist only in a back garden or a big sea.
4. Why did the writer write this text?
A. To ask people to protect the ecosystems.
B. To introduce different jobs in the ecosystems.
C. To teach us how to keep ecosystems balanced.
D. To show the writer's ideas of protecting animals.
主题群:自然生态
子主题:和谐共生
语篇类型:说明文
词数:330
难度:★★☆
A forest is like a football team. It sounds unusual, but it's true. Each player does an important job, but they can't win by themselves, so they work together. The same is true of all plants and animals in a forest. They depend on each other to live. We call this an ecosystem.
There are three jobs in an ecosystem: producer(生产者), consumer(消费者) and decomposer(分解者). The trees in the forest produce food by themselves. Giraffes themselves can't make their food, so they consume or eat the trees' leaves. But sometimes hungry lions or other animals eat them. When animals die, their bodies become part of the soil and air to help the forest grow. So the ecosystem can keep on going.
Ecosystems come in lots of kinds and sizes. A back garden or even a big sea can be an ecosystem. The key thing is that an ecosystem has to be balanced. If there weren't animals to eat giraffes, giraffes would eat too many leaves. This wouldn't be good for the trees, and this would make it difficult for giraffes to find food. Different weather and natural disasters can also change the ecosystems. People can also bring problems by cutting down the trees and so on.
Ecosystems are everywhere. They play an important part in our life. It is necessary for us to do what we can to keep them working well.
1. 创新考法 行文方式 How does the writer start this text?
A. By listing numbers.
B. By asking a question.
C. By telling a story.
D. By giving an example.
2. How many jobs are there in an ecosystem?
A. Five.
B. Four.
C. Three.
D. Two.
3. What can we know from the third paragraph?
A. People plant many trees every year.
B. A terrible earthquake can change the ecosystems.
C. It's difficult for giraffes to find food now.
D. Ecosystems exist only in a back garden or a big sea.
4. Why did the writer write this text?
A. To ask people to protect the ecosystems.
B. To introduce different jobs in the ecosystems.
C. To teach us how to keep ecosystems balanced.
D. To show the writer's ideas of protecting animals.
答案
1. D 行文方式题。根据"A forest is like a football team. It sounds unusual, but it's true."可知,作者通过足球队的例子来开始这篇文章的。
2. C 细节理解题。根据"There are three jobs in an ecosystem: producer, consumer and decomposer."可知,生态系统中有三种工作。
3. B 推理判断题。根据"Different weather and natural disasters can also change the ecosystems."可知,自然灾害会改变生态系统,地震属于自然灾害。
4. A 推理判断题。文章开篇强调生态系统无处不在且重要,中间解释其构成与平衡,后文指出人类活动会破坏生态系统,最终呼吁人们保护生态系统。
长难句解读
原句: It is necessary for us to do what we can to keep them working well.
结构剖析:"It is necessary for sb. to do sth."是固定句型,It是形式主语,真正的主语是"to do ...";what we can 是宾语从句,作 do 的宾语; to keep them working well 是不定式作目的状语。
翻译:我们有必要尽我们所能来维持它们正常运转。
2. C 细节理解题。根据"There are three jobs in an ecosystem: producer, consumer and decomposer."可知,生态系统中有三种工作。
3. B 推理判断题。根据"Different weather and natural disasters can also change the ecosystems."可知,自然灾害会改变生态系统,地震属于自然灾害。
4. A 推理判断题。文章开篇强调生态系统无处不在且重要,中间解释其构成与平衡,后文指出人类活动会破坏生态系统,最终呼吁人们保护生态系统。
长难句解读
原句: It is necessary for us to do what we can to keep them working well.
结构剖析:"It is necessary for sb. to do sth."是固定句型,It是形式主语,真正的主语是"to do ...";what we can 是宾语从句,作 do 的宾语; to keep them working well 是不定式作目的状语。
翻译:我们有必要尽我们所能来维持它们正常运转。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇结合生物学科知识的说明文阅读理解，解题时可以按照先划题干关键词、带着问题回原文定位比对的思路推进：
1. 第一题问开篇行文方式，直接定位文章首段开头，看作者引入话题的方式，逐一比对四个选项的行文特征就能选出答案；
2. 第二题是基础细节题，直接定位介绍生态系统角色的第二段开头，就能直接找到对应数量；
3. 第三题限定信息范围是第三段，先通读第三段内容，把每个选项和原文表述逐一对照，排除不符合原文的错误选项，剩下的就是正确答案；
4. 第四题判断作者写作意图，需要结合全文内容，尤其是首尾段的主旨表述，区分文章的部分内容和最终的核心写作目的，选出最贴合的选项。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段开篇内容"A forest is like a football team. It sounds unusual, but it's true."，作者用大众熟悉的足球队作为例子类比森林的运行模式，以此引入生态系统的话题，属于通过举例子开篇，其余选项：全文没有列数字、没有抛出问题、也没有讲述完整故事，均不符合，因此选D。
2. 定位原文第二段第一句"There are three jobs in an ecosystem: producer(生产者), consumer(消费者) and decomposer(分解者)."，直接明确说明生态系统中共有三类角色，因此选C。
3. 定位原文第三段，文中提到"Different weather and natural disasters can also change the ecosystems."，地震属于典型的自然灾害，由此可以推导出严重的地震会改变生态系统，对应B选项。其余选项错误原因：A选项第三段完全没有提及人们每年种树的相关内容；C选项长颈鹿难以觅食是生态失衡的假设场景，并非当前的客观事实；D选项原文说明生态系统有很多不同的种类和大小，后花园、大海只是举例，并非表示生态系统只存在于这两处，表述不符合原文。
4. 通读全文可知，文章介绍了生态系统的构成、维持平衡的重要性，最后一段点明生态系统和人类生活息息相关，呼吁人们尽力维持生态系统正常运转，核心写作目的是号召人们保护生态系统。其余选项：B选项介绍生态系统的不同角色只是文章的部分内容，不是最终写作目的；C选项文中没有具体讲解维持生态系统平衡的方法；D选项文章核心并非表达保护动物的观点，而是保护整个生态系统，均不符合，因此选A。
【答案】
1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，阅读理解主旨判断，生态系统常识
【点评】
本题属于跨学科融合类阅读题，既考察了英语学科的行文逻辑判断、细节信息查找、主旨归纳的核心阅读能力，又融入了生物学科的生态系统相关科普知识，引导学生建立跨学科思考的意识，同时渗透了人与自然和谐共生的生态保护理念，题目设置梯度合理，兼顾基础考察和能力拔高。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇结合生物学科知识的说明文阅读理解，解题时可以按照先划题干关键词、带着问题回原文定位比对的思路推进：
1. 第一题问开篇行文方式，直接定位文章首段开头，看作者引入话题的方式，逐一比对四个选项的行文特征就能选出答案；
2. 第二题是基础细节题，直接定位介绍生态系统角色的第二段开头，就能直接找到对应数量；
3. 第三题限定信息范围是第三段，先通读第三段内容，把每个选项和原文表述逐一对照，排除不符合原文的错误选项，剩下的就是正确答案；
4. 第四题判断作者写作意图，需要结合全文内容，尤其是首尾段的主旨表述，区分文章的部分内容和最终的核心写作目的，选出最贴合的选项。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段开篇内容"A forest is like a football team. It sounds unusual, but it's true."，作者用大众熟悉的足球队作为例子类比森林的运行模式，以此引入生态系统的话题，属于通过举例子开篇，其余选项：全文没有列数字、没有抛出问题、也没有讲述完整故事，均不符合，因此选D。
2. 定位原文第二段第一句"There are three jobs in an ecosystem: producer(生产者), consumer(消费者) and decomposer(分解者)."，直接明确说明生态系统中共有三类角色，因此选C。
3. 定位原文第三段，文中提到"Different weather and natural disasters can also change the ecosystems."，地震属于典型的自然灾害，由此可以推导出严重的地震会改变生态系统，对应B选项。其余选项错误原因：A选项第三段完全没有提及人们每年种树的相关内容；C选项长颈鹿难以觅食是生态失衡的假设场景，并非当前的客观事实；D选项原文说明生态系统有很多不同的种类和大小，后花园、大海只是举例，并非表示生态系统只存在于这两处，表述不符合原文。
4. 通读全文可知，文章介绍了生态系统的构成、维持平衡的重要性，最后一段点明生态系统和人类生活息息相关，呼吁人们尽力维持生态系统正常运转，核心写作目的是号召人们保护生态系统。其余选项：B选项介绍生态系统的不同角色只是文章的部分内容，不是最终写作目的；C选项文中没有具体讲解维持生态系统平衡的方法；D选项文章核心并非表达保护动物的观点，而是保护整个生态系统，均不符合，因此选A。
【答案】
1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，阅读理解主旨判断，生态系统常识
【点评】
本题属于跨学科融合类阅读题，既考察了英语学科的行文逻辑判断、细节信息查找、主旨归纳的核心阅读能力，又融入了生物学科的生态系统相关科普知识，引导学生建立跨学科思考的意识，同时渗透了人与自然和谐共生的生态保护理念，题目设置梯度合理，兼顾基础考察和能力拔高。
【难度系数】
0.7
