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七、热点素材 阅读理解。
中国核潜艇之父——黄旭华
Huang Xuhua, a great Chinese scientist, spent all his life making China stronger. His amazing achievements and strong spirit will always be remembered and will guide China’s future.
Born in Guangdong, Huang saw his country suffer from foreign attacks. Because of these experiences, he made up his mind to study hard and use his knowledge to make his country stronger. In the 1950s, China began building nuclear submarines（核潜艇）. Huang bravely joined this project. At that time, there wasn’t much modern technology, so this task was really challenging.
Huang and his team faced many challenges while keeping the project a secret. They mustn’t share their work with anyone outside their group, not even their families. So Huang was away from home for years. As they worked on designing the submarines, they faced many problems. For example, building a nuclear reactor（核反应堆）was very difficult, and they couldn’t ask foreign experts for help. Instead, they had to depend on their own research and used simple tools to do the scientific work. Another major challenge was ensuring the submarine could stay stable（稳固的）underwater. After many tests, they gradually found solutions to these problems.
Finally, in the 1970s, China successfully built and tested its first nuclear submarine. This made China one of the few countries that could do this. Huang didn’t stop there. He continued to improve submarine technology and received many awards for his hard work, including the “Medal of the Republic” in 2019.
As we remember Huang Xuhua, we realize his life inspires us all. Young people should learn from his courage, bravery and resolutions. By facing challenges and working hard, we can help make China stronger and keep his spirit alive.
1. What can we know about Huang Xuhua from the text?
A. He was a risk-taker who often acted with bravery.
B. He was a common person who received many awards.
C. He was a lonely person who preferred to work alone.
D. He was a strong-willed person who kept trying for better.
2. What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Foreign experts.
B. Huang Xuhua’s family.
C. Huang Xuhua and his team.
D. The nuclear submarines.
3. Which is not mentioned as a challenge in building China’s first nuclear submarine?
A. China didn’t have modern technology.
B. Foreign experts refused to help.
C. Using simple tools for the scientific work.
D. Keeping the submarine stable underwater.
4. 创新考法·行文方式 How does the writer support the main idea of Paragraph 4?
A. By giving examples.
B. By asking questions.
C. By listing numbers.
D. By showing facts.
5. What is the main purpose of the text?
A. To praise Huang’s efforts and his spirit.
B. To explain how nuclear submarines work.
C. To introduce the hard life of Huang Xuhua.
D. To compare Chinese and foreign submarine technologies.
中国核潜艇之父——黄旭华
Huang Xuhua, a great Chinese scientist, spent all his life making China stronger. His amazing achievements and strong spirit will always be remembered and will guide China’s future.
Born in Guangdong, Huang saw his country suffer from foreign attacks. Because of these experiences, he made up his mind to study hard and use his knowledge to make his country stronger. In the 1950s, China began building nuclear submarines（核潜艇）. Huang bravely joined this project. At that time, there wasn’t much modern technology, so this task was really challenging.
Huang and his team faced many challenges while keeping the project a secret. They mustn’t share their work with anyone outside their group, not even their families. So Huang was away from home for years. As they worked on designing the submarines, they faced many problems. For example, building a nuclear reactor（核反应堆）was very difficult, and they couldn’t ask foreign experts for help. Instead, they had to depend on their own research and used simple tools to do the scientific work. Another major challenge was ensuring the submarine could stay stable（稳固的）underwater. After many tests, they gradually found solutions to these problems.
Finally, in the 1970s, China successfully built and tested its first nuclear submarine. This made China one of the few countries that could do this. Huang didn’t stop there. He continued to improve submarine technology and received many awards for his hard work, including the “Medal of the Republic” in 2019.
As we remember Huang Xuhua, we realize his life inspires us all. Young people should learn from his courage, bravery and resolutions. By facing challenges and working hard, we can help make China stronger and keep his spirit alive.
1. What can we know about Huang Xuhua from the text?
A. He was a risk-taker who often acted with bravery.
B. He was a common person who received many awards.
C. He was a lonely person who preferred to work alone.
D. He was a strong-willed person who kept trying for better.
2. What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Foreign experts.
B. Huang Xuhua’s family.
C. Huang Xuhua and his team.
D. The nuclear submarines.
3. Which is not mentioned as a challenge in building China’s first nuclear submarine?
A. China didn’t have modern technology.
B. Foreign experts refused to help.
C. Using simple tools for the scientific work.
D. Keeping the submarine stable underwater.
4. 创新考法·行文方式 How does the writer support the main idea of Paragraph 4?
A. By giving examples.
B. By asking questions.
C. By listing numbers.
D. By showing facts.
5. What is the main purpose of the text?
A. To praise Huang’s efforts and his spirit.
B. To explain how nuclear submarines work.
C. To introduce the hard life of Huang Xuhua.
D. To compare Chinese and foreign submarine technologies.
答案
七、1. D 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的 His amazing achievements and strong spirit will always be remembered 和第四段中的 He continued to improve submarine technology and received many awards 可知，黄旭华意志坚定且不断追求进步。 2. C 代词指代题。根据文章第三段中的“Huang and his team faced many challenges... They mustn't share their work with anyone outside their group”可知，They 指代黄旭华及其团队。 3. B 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的 they couldn't ask foreign experts for help 可知，文中未提及外国专家拒绝帮助，而是无法向外国专家求助。 4. D 推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“China successfully built and tested its first nuclear submarine... He continued to improve... received many awards”可知，作者通过列举事实支持段落主旨。 5. A 推理判断题。全文通过介绍黄旭华的事迹赞扬其奉献精神和坚韧品质。根据文章首尾段中的“His amazing achievements and strong spirit will always be remembered...”及 we realize his life inspires us all 可知，写作目的是赞颂黄旭华。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇人物传记类阅读理解，解题时首先通读全文梳理脉络：文章围绕“中国核潜艇之父黄旭华”的生平事迹展开，核心是展现他的奉献精神与坚定意志。之后针对每道小题带着题干关键词回原文定位对应内容：
1. 第1题是推理判断题，逐一比对每个选项和原文描述，排除不符合原文的错误选项，选出最贴合人物形象的表述；
2. 第2题是代词指代题，代词的指代对象一定在前文紧邻的内容中查找，往前检索第三段前一句的主语即可锁定答案；
3. 第3题是细节判断题，把每个选项和原文提到的建造核潜艇的挑战逐一核对，找出原文没有提及的内容；
4. 第4题考察行文论证方式，阅读第四段，判断段落内容对应的论证逻辑；
5. 第5题是主旨目的题，重点看文章首尾段的作者抒情和核心表达，明确全文的写作意图。
【解析】
1. 逐一分析选项：A选项原文没有提到黄旭华“经常冒险行事”的相关表述；B选项和原文开篇点明他是伟大科学家的描述矛盾；C选项和原文提到他带领团队研发的内容不符；D选项“他是意志坚定、不断追求更好的人”，对应原文他攻坚克难、后续持续优化核潜艇技术的内容，符合人物形象，故选D。
2. 定位第三段划线词前一句“Huang and his team faced many challenges while keeping the project a secret.”，紧接着的They指代的就是前句提到的黄旭华和他的团队，故选C。
3. 逐一核对选项：A选项“中国没有现代技术”对应第二段“there wasn’t much modern technology”；C选项“用简单工具开展科研”对应第三段“used simple tools to do the scientific work”；D选项“保证潜艇水下稳固”对应第三段“ensuring the submarine could stay stable underwater”；原文只提到他们不能向外国专家求助，并没有提及外国专家拒绝提供帮助，B选项属于未提及内容，故选B。
4. 第四段依次陈述了20世纪70年代中国成功研制测试首艘核潜艇、黄旭华持续优化技术、获得共和国勋章等客观事实，作者是通过展示客观事实来支撑段落主旨，故选D。
5. 文章首尾段都明确提到黄旭华的卓越成就和伟大精神会被永远铭记、激励年轻人，全文的核心写作目的就是赞扬黄旭华的付出与宝贵精神，故选A。
【答案】
1. D 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. A
【知识点】
人物类阅读，代词指代，细节检索
【点评】
本题选用黄旭华的热点人物素材，既贴合家国情怀的德育导向，又覆盖了英语阅读理解常考的推理判断、细节理解、代词指代、主旨大意等核心题型，能够有效考察学生的文本信息定位和逻辑判断能力，同时引导学生向榜样人物学习。
【难度系数】
0.65
这是一篇人物传记类阅读理解，解题时首先通读全文梳理脉络：文章围绕“中国核潜艇之父黄旭华”的生平事迹展开，核心是展现他的奉献精神与坚定意志。之后针对每道小题带着题干关键词回原文定位对应内容：
1. 第1题是推理判断题，逐一比对每个选项和原文描述，排除不符合原文的错误选项，选出最贴合人物形象的表述；
2. 第2题是代词指代题，代词的指代对象一定在前文紧邻的内容中查找，往前检索第三段前一句的主语即可锁定答案；
3. 第3题是细节判断题，把每个选项和原文提到的建造核潜艇的挑战逐一核对，找出原文没有提及的内容；
4. 第4题考察行文论证方式，阅读第四段，判断段落内容对应的论证逻辑；
5. 第5题是主旨目的题，重点看文章首尾段的作者抒情和核心表达，明确全文的写作意图。
【解析】
1. 逐一分析选项：A选项原文没有提到黄旭华“经常冒险行事”的相关表述；B选项和原文开篇点明他是伟大科学家的描述矛盾；C选项和原文提到他带领团队研发的内容不符；D选项“他是意志坚定、不断追求更好的人”，对应原文他攻坚克难、后续持续优化核潜艇技术的内容，符合人物形象，故选D。
2. 定位第三段划线词前一句“Huang and his team faced many challenges while keeping the project a secret.”，紧接着的They指代的就是前句提到的黄旭华和他的团队，故选C。
3. 逐一核对选项：A选项“中国没有现代技术”对应第二段“there wasn’t much modern technology”；C选项“用简单工具开展科研”对应第三段“used simple tools to do the scientific work”；D选项“保证潜艇水下稳固”对应第三段“ensuring the submarine could stay stable underwater”；原文只提到他们不能向外国专家求助，并没有提及外国专家拒绝提供帮助，B选项属于未提及内容，故选B。
4. 第四段依次陈述了20世纪70年代中国成功研制测试首艘核潜艇、黄旭华持续优化技术、获得共和国勋章等客观事实，作者是通过展示客观事实来支撑段落主旨，故选D。
5. 文章首尾段都明确提到黄旭华的卓越成就和伟大精神会被永远铭记、激励年轻人，全文的核心写作目的就是赞扬黄旭华的付出与宝贵精神，故选A。
【答案】
1. D 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. A
【知识点】
人物类阅读，代词指代，细节检索
【点评】
本题选用黄旭华的热点人物素材，既贴合家国情怀的德育导向，又覆盖了英语阅读理解常考的推理判断、细节理解、代词指代、主旨大意等核心题型，能够有效考察学生的文本信息定位和逻辑判断能力，同时引导学生向榜样人物学习。
【难度系数】
0.65
