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七、阅读理解。
The Sahara is the largest hot desert in the world—about 9,320,000 square kilometres in size. This is almost the size of the USA or China. The Nile runs through the Sahara all year round. But there are also other rivers running through it seasonally（季节性地）. The geography of the desert includes huge sand dunes（沙丘）and dune fields（沙丘地）. Some of the sand dunes are so huge that they can even be over 152 metres high. When you go on a visit in the Sahara, you may feel you are in a sea of sand. But there are also other amazing landforms in different parts of the desert.
It's very hot and dry in the Sahara. The temperature there is usually 30℃. However, during the hottest months, the temperature can go over 50℃. Because of the high temperatures and poor conditions of the desert, only a few plants live here, just about 500 kinds. They also play a role in the number of animals. In the driest part of the desert, there are only 70 different kinds of animals.
1. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?
A. The Sahara's size.
B. The Sahara's temperatures.
C. The Sahara's rivers.
D. The Sahara's history.
2. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Sand dunes.
B. Dune fields.
C. Landforms.
D. Animals.
3. What can we know about the Sahara from the passage?
A. It is almost as big as China.
B. It is about 932,000 square kilometres in size.
C. There are many different kinds of plants in the Sahara.
D. There aren't amazing landforms in different parts of the desert.
The Sahara is the largest hot desert in the world—about 9,320,000 square kilometres in size. This is almost the size of the USA or China. The Nile runs through the Sahara all year round. But there are also other rivers running through it seasonally（季节性地）. The geography of the desert includes huge sand dunes（沙丘）and dune fields（沙丘地）. Some of the sand dunes are so huge that they can even be over 152 metres high. When you go on a visit in the Sahara, you may feel you are in a sea of sand. But there are also other amazing landforms in different parts of the desert.
It's very hot and dry in the Sahara. The temperature there is usually 30℃. However, during the hottest months, the temperature can go over 50℃. Because of the high temperatures and poor conditions of the desert, only a few plants live here, just about 500 kinds. They also play a role in the number of animals. In the driest part of the desert, there are only 70 different kinds of animals.
1. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?
A. The Sahara's size.
B. The Sahara's temperatures.
C. The Sahara's rivers.
D. The Sahara's history.
2. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Sand dunes.
B. Dune fields.
C. Landforms.
D. Animals.
3. What can we know about the Sahara from the passage?
A. It is almost as big as China.
B. It is about 932,000 square kilometres in size.
C. There are many different kinds of plants in the Sahara.
D. There aren't amazing landforms in different parts of the desert.
答案
1. A 段落大意题。根据“The Sahara is the largest hot desert in the world—about 9,320,000 square kilometres in size.”可知，本段主要介绍了撒哈拉沙漠的面积。
2. A 代词指代题。根据“Some of the sand dunes are so huge... 152 metres high.”可知，有些沙丘超过 152 米高。they 指代前文提到的 sand dunes。
3. A 细节理解题。根据“This is almost the size of the USA or China.”可知，撒哈拉沙漠的面积几乎与中国相当。
2. A 代词指代题。根据“Some of the sand dunes are so huge... 152 metres high.”可知，有些沙丘超过 152 米高。they 指代前文提到的 sand dunes。
3. A 细节理解题。根据“This is almost the size of the USA or China.”可知，撒哈拉沙漠的面积几乎与中国相当。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇介绍撒哈拉沙漠的说明文阅读理解，解题时可以按照“先读题干、带着问题回原文定位”的思路推进：第1题问第一段主旨，需要梳理第一段所有内容的核心指向，区分局部细节和整体核心；第2题是代词指代题，遵循“就近向前找前文提到的核心名词”的逻辑就能锁定答案；第3题是细节判断题，把每个选项逐一和原文内容比对，排除和原文不符的错误选项，就能得到正确结果。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位到第一段内容，开篇第一句就点明撒哈拉是世界最大的热沙漠，给出了具体面积数值，还说明它的面积几乎和美国、中国相当，后续提到的河流、沙丘地貌都只是补充的局部细节，整个段落核心围绕撒哈拉的面积/大小展开。B选项的温度属于第二段内容，C选项的河流只是第一段的部分细节，D选项的历史全文完全没有提及，因此选A。
2. 第2题：定位到划线词所在句的前半部分，原文表述为“Some of the sand dunes are so huge that they can even be over 152 metres high”，逻辑是部分沙丘体量非常大，高度甚至能超过152米，因此they指代的就是前文提到的sand dunes，对应A选项。
3. 第3题：逐一核对选项：
A选项：原文第一段明确说明“This is almost the size of the USA or China”，和“它几乎和中国一样大”表述完全一致；
B选项：原文给出的面积是9320000平方公里，也就是932万，并非93.2万，数值错误；
C选项：原文提到沙漠里仅生存约500种植物，数量很少，“很多不同种类植物”的表述和原文不符；
D选项：原文第一段末尾明确提到沙漠不同区域还有其他令人惊叹的地貌，该选项表述和原文完全相反。
因此本题选A。
【答案】
1. A 2. A 3. A
【知识点】
段落大意归纳，代词指代判断，细节信息比对
【点评】
本题属于基础难度的说明文阅读题，覆盖了初中英语阅读最常见的三类基础考点，能帮助学生巩固“回文定位”的通用阅读解题技巧，引导学生区分段落主旨和局部细节，掌握指代题、细节判断题的常规解题逻辑，夯实说明文阅读的基础能力。
【难度系数】
0.8
这是一篇介绍撒哈拉沙漠的说明文阅读理解，解题时可以按照“先读题干、带着问题回原文定位”的思路推进：第1题问第一段主旨，需要梳理第一段所有内容的核心指向，区分局部细节和整体核心；第2题是代词指代题，遵循“就近向前找前文提到的核心名词”的逻辑就能锁定答案；第3题是细节判断题，把每个选项逐一和原文内容比对，排除和原文不符的错误选项，就能得到正确结果。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位到第一段内容，开篇第一句就点明撒哈拉是世界最大的热沙漠，给出了具体面积数值，还说明它的面积几乎和美国、中国相当，后续提到的河流、沙丘地貌都只是补充的局部细节，整个段落核心围绕撒哈拉的面积/大小展开。B选项的温度属于第二段内容，C选项的河流只是第一段的部分细节，D选项的历史全文完全没有提及，因此选A。
2. 第2题：定位到划线词所在句的前半部分，原文表述为“Some of the sand dunes are so huge that they can even be over 152 metres high”，逻辑是部分沙丘体量非常大，高度甚至能超过152米，因此they指代的就是前文提到的sand dunes，对应A选项。
3. 第3题：逐一核对选项：
A选项：原文第一段明确说明“This is almost the size of the USA or China”，和“它几乎和中国一样大”表述完全一致；
B选项：原文给出的面积是9320000平方公里，也就是932万，并非93.2万，数值错误；
C选项：原文提到沙漠里仅生存约500种植物，数量很少，“很多不同种类植物”的表述和原文不符；
D选项：原文第一段末尾明确提到沙漠不同区域还有其他令人惊叹的地貌，该选项表述和原文完全相反。
因此本题选A。
【答案】
1. A 2. A 3. A
【知识点】
段落大意归纳，代词指代判断，细节信息比对
【点评】
本题属于基础难度的说明文阅读题，覆盖了初中英语阅读最常见的三类基础考点，能帮助学生巩固“回文定位”的通用阅读解题技巧，引导学生区分段落主旨和局部细节，掌握指代题、细节判断题的常规解题逻辑，夯实说明文阅读的基础能力。
【难度系数】
0.8
