2026年能力培养与测试九年级英语上册人教版第82页答案
Ⅰ. 根据首字母或汉语提示完成句子。
1. The c
camera
is a useful invention for taking photos.
2. The machine can clean
itself
(它自己) without people's help.
3. Please don't throw away this
plastic
(塑料的) bottle—we can reuse it to store small items.
4. Remember to save this f
file
before turning off the computer.

答案

1. camera 2. itself 3. plastic 4. file

解析

【分析】
本题为根据首字母或汉语提示完成单词的题型,解题思路为:先通读句子理解语境,再结合给出的首字母或汉语意思,回忆对应的英语单词,确保单词符合句意及语法要求,最后验证答案的合理性。
1题:由“用来拍照的有用发明”及首字母c,可推断需填表示“照相机”的单词;
2题:根据汉语提示“它自己”,需填反身代词;
3题:根据汉语提示“塑料的”,需填形容词修饰名词;
4题:由“关电脑前保存”及首字母f,可推断需填表示“文件”的单词。
【解析】
1. 句意:照相机是用来拍照的有用发明。结合首字母c和“拍照”的语境,填名词camera。
2. 句意:这台机器不用人帮忙就能自己清洁。汉语提示“它自己”,对应反身代词itself。
3. 句意:请不要扔掉这个塑料瓶——我们可以重复用它装小物件。汉语提示“塑料的”,形容词plastic修饰名词bottle。
4. 句意:关电脑前记得保存这个文件。结合首字母f和电脑操作“保存文件”的语境,填名词file。
【答案】
1. camera 2. itself 3. plastic 4. file
【知识点】
词汇运用、首字母填空、汉译英
【点评】
本题考查基础词汇的识记与运用,结合语境和提示即可完成,侧重核心词汇的掌握,难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.8
Ⅱ. 使用被动语态改写句子。
1. The Wright brothers invented the first plane in 1903.
The first plane
was
invented
by the Wright brothers in 1903.
2. They developed this camera in the 19th century.
This camera
was
developed
by them in the 19th century.
3. The company made this laptop last year.
This laptop
was
made
by the company last year.

答案

1. was invented 2. was developed
3. was made

解析

【分析】本题考查一般过去时的被动语态,主动变被动的核心规则是:将原句宾语变为被动句主语,谓语动词改为“was/were + 动词过去分词”(主语单数用was,复数用were),原句主语由by引出。本题三个句子的主语均为单数,因此be动词统一用was,再对应原句动词的过去分词即可完成改写。
【解析】1. 原句动词invent的过去分词为invented,主语the first plane是单数,故填was invented;2. 原句动词develop的过去分词为developed,主语this camera是单数,故填was developed;3. 原句动词make的过去分词为made,主语this laptop是单数,故填was made。
【答案】1. was invented 2. was developed 3. was made
【知识点】一般过去时被动语态,动词过去分词
【点评】本题聚焦一般过去时被动语态的基础应用,属于语法基础题,牢记被动语态基本结构即可正确作答,难度较低。
【难度系数】0.7
Ⅲ. 根据中文意思完成句子。
1. 这个物体是在电脑上被设计的。
The object
is
designed
on a computer.
2. 一个文件被创建并发送到3D打印机。
A file
is
created
and
sent
to the 3D printer.
3. 3D打印机读取文件,然后通过堆积塑料制作这个物体。
The 3D printer
reads
the file, and after that, the object is produced by
building
up
plastic
.

答案

1. is designed 2. is created, sent
3. reads, building up plastic

解析

【分析】
本题考查英语句子的语态和动词形式,需结合中文含义判断时态与语态,再确定动词的正确形式。1. 第一句是一般现在时的被动语态,主语是单数,需用“is + 过去分词”结构;2. 第二句同样是一般现在时的被动语态,并列部分省略be动词,直接用过去分词;3. 第三句前半部分是主动语态,主语为第三人称单数,动词用第三人称单数形式,后半部分介词by后接动名词。
【解析】
1. 中文“被设计”对应一般现在时被动语态,主语the object是单数,be动词用is,design的过去分词是designed,故填is designed;
2. 中文“被创建并发送”是一般现在时被动语态,主语a file是单数,be动词用is,create的过去分词是created,并列部分省略be动词,send的过去分词是sent,故填is created, sent;
3. 中文“读取”是主动语态,主语the 3D printer是第三人称单数,read的第三人称单数形式是reads;“通过堆积塑料”中by是介词,后接动名词,“堆积塑料”是build up plastic,动名词形式为building up plastic,故填reads, building up plastic。
【答案】
1. is designed 2. is created, sent 3. reads, building up plastic
【知识点】
一般现在时被动语态;一般现在时主动语态;介词后接动名词
【点评】
本题为基础语态应用题型,需掌握被动语态的基本结构、主动语态的动词变化及介词搭配规则,难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.4
Ⅳ. 阅读短文,用方框中所给词的恰当形式填空,每词仅用一次。
invent change use happy communicate day
Inventions play a very important role in our lives. They have 1.
changed
our world a lot. For example, the 2.
invention
of the plane has made long-distance travel much faster. We can now fly from one country to another in just a few hours. Cameras are 3.
used
to record wonderful moments, like our birthday parties and school trips. Every time we look at those photos, we can remember the happy times. Mobile phones help us 4.
(to) communicate
with people anywhere. We can call, text, or have a video chat with our friends and family no matter where they are. These inventions have brought convenience and 5.
happiness
to our lives. They make our 6.
daily
life easier and more colourful. Without these inventions, the world would be quite different. We should be grateful to the great inventors who have made these amazing things possible.

答案

1. changed 2. invention 3. used
4. (to) communicate 5. happiness 6. daily

解析

【分析】首先通读短文,明确短文主旨为“发明对生活的重要作用”;接着逐个分析每个空格的语境,结合方框内所给单词,依据时态、词性转换、固定搭配等规则选择单词的适当形式填空,同时确保每词仅用一次。
【解析】1. 空前有助动词have,构成现在完成时结构,需用动词过去分词,方框中change的过去分词为changed,故填changed;2. 空前有定冠词the,需用名词,此处指“飞机的发明”,invent的名词形式为invention,故填invention;3. 此处为被动语态结构be used to do sth(被用来做某事),需用use的过去分词,故填used;4. 固定搭配help sb (to) do sth,意为“帮助某人做某事”,故填communicate(to可省略);5. 空前有并列连词and,连接两个名词,convenience是名词,happy的名词形式为happiness,故填happiness;6. 此处修饰名词life,需用形容词,day的形容词形式为daily,故填daily。
【答案】1. changed 2. invention 3. used 4. (to) communicate 5. happiness 6. daily
【知识点】动词时态、词性转换、固定搭配
【点评】本题为选词填空题型,围绕发明对生活的影响展开,主要考查学生对词汇的适当形式运用能力,涉及时态、词性变化及固定搭配,是初中英语常见基础题型。
【难度系数】0.6