登录
六、跨学科 水循环及其对地球的重要性 阅读理解
字数: 235 体裁: 说明文 核心素养: 语言能力
话题: 水循环 难度: 中 建议用时: 6分钟
The water cycle is a natural process that takes water from the ground and the sky and brings it back to the earth again.
The water cycle always begins with water vapour(蒸气). When it's hot outside, you can see clouds forming in the sky. These clouds are made of water vapour that comes from the ground, plants and rivers. As water vapour rises into the sky, it cools down and becomes clouds. After that, clouds travel through the sky and fall back to earth as rain or snow. Then, water runs through rivers and oceans and finally returns to
the earth again in different forms like rainwater or snow.
The water cycle plays an important role in protecting our earth's climate. It provides us with water to drink and keeps our climate healthy. On top of that, it takes water from rivers and oceans and brings it to the areas that don't have enough water. Without the cycle, we would face many problems. When there is too much water in one place, it becomes a flood(洪水). When water is badly in need, it becomes a drought(旱灾).
The water cycle is a natural process that keeps our planet alive. Understanding the water cycle can help us enjoy the beauty of nature, know how our planet works and develop better methods to protect our earth.
1. 中考新考法 事件排序 Which is the right order of the water cycle according to the text?
①Water returns to the ground. ②Rain or snow falls down. ③Water vapour rises up.
④Clouds are formed in the sky.
A. ③②④① B. ④②③①
C. ④③②① D. ③④②①
2. Why is the water cycle important?
A. It keeps the climate healthy.
B. It shows the beauty of nature.
C. It brings warm weather.
D. It cleans the air and the ground.
3. 中考新考法 推断代词指代 What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Earth's climate. B. Water vapour.
C. Drinking water. D. The water cycle.
4. 中考新考法 细节多选 Which facts of the following are true according to the passage?
①Water vapour can keep our earth warm.
②Water returns to earth in only one form.
③Water vapour becomes clouds when it cools down.
④There may be some disasters(灾难) without water vapour.
A. ②③ B. ③④ C. ①② D. ①④
链接《教材核心考点新考法讲练》细节多选题解题技巧
5. 中考新考法 推断文章写作意图 What is the writer's purpose in writing the passage?
A. To encourage people to save water.
B. To help people solve water problems.
C. To inspire people to get close to nature.
D. To call on people to protect our planet.
字数: 235 体裁: 说明文 核心素养: 语言能力
话题: 水循环 难度: 中 建议用时: 6分钟
The water cycle is a natural process that takes water from the ground and the sky and brings it back to the earth again.
The water cycle always begins with water vapour(蒸气). When it's hot outside, you can see clouds forming in the sky. These clouds are made of water vapour that comes from the ground, plants and rivers. As water vapour rises into the sky, it cools down and becomes clouds. After that, clouds travel through the sky and fall back to earth as rain or snow. Then, water runs through rivers and oceans and finally returns to
the earth again in different forms like rainwater or snow.
The water cycle plays an important role in protecting our earth's climate. It provides us with water to drink and keeps our climate healthy. On top of that, it takes water from rivers and oceans and brings it to the areas that don't have enough water. Without the cycle, we would face many problems. When there is too much water in one place, it becomes a flood(洪水). When water is badly in need, it becomes a drought(旱灾).
The water cycle is a natural process that keeps our planet alive. Understanding the water cycle can help us enjoy the beauty of nature, know how our planet works and develop better methods to protect our earth.
1. 中考新考法 事件排序 Which is the right order of the water cycle according to the text?
①Water returns to the ground. ②Rain or snow falls down. ③Water vapour rises up.
④Clouds are formed in the sky.
A. ③②④① B. ④②③①
C. ④③②① D. ③④②①
2. Why is the water cycle important?
A. It keeps the climate healthy.
B. It shows the beauty of nature.
C. It brings warm weather.
D. It cleans the air and the ground.
3. 中考新考法 推断代词指代 What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Earth's climate. B. Water vapour.
C. Drinking water. D. The water cycle.
4. 中考新考法 细节多选 Which facts of the following are true according to the passage?
①Water vapour can keep our earth warm.
②Water returns to earth in only one form.
③Water vapour becomes clouds when it cools down.
④There may be some disasters(灾难) without water vapour.
A. ②③ B. ③④ C. ①② D. ①④
链接《教材核心考点新考法讲练》细节多选题解题技巧
5. 中考新考法 推断文章写作意图 What is the writer's purpose in writing the passage?
A. To encourage people to save water.
B. To help people solve water problems.
C. To inspire people to get close to nature.
D. To call on people to protect our planet.
答案
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了水循环这一自然过程,详细阐述了水循环的起始、发展、结束及其对地球气候和生态系统的重要性。
1. D [解析]细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As water vapour rises into the sky, it cools down and becomes clouds. After that, clouds travel through the sky and fall back to earth as rain or snow. Then, water runs through rivers and oceans and finally returns to the earth again in different forms like rainwater or snow.”可知,水循环从水蒸气上升开始,然后形成云,接着云以降雨或降雪的形式落下,最后水返回地面。对比选项可知,D选项③④②①符合这一顺序。故选D。
2. A [解析]细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The water cycle plays an important role in protecting our earth's climate. It provides us with water to drink and keeps our climate healthy.”可知,水循环在保护地球气候方面起着重要作用,它为我们提供饮用水并使我们的气候保持健康。故选A。
3. D [解析]代词指代题。根据第三段中的“On top of that, it takes water from rivers and oceans and brings it to the areas that don't have enough water.”可知,它从河流和海洋中取水,并将水带到缺水的地区;结合前文一直在讲的主体“the water cycle”可知,此处描述的是水循环的作用。据此可以推断,画线单词“it”指代上文提到的“The water cycle”。故选D。
4. B [解析]细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As water vapour rises into the sky, it cools down and becomes clouds.”可知,水蒸气升入天空后,冷却形成云,因此③“水蒸气冷却后变成云”符合原文;再根据第三段中的“Without the cycle, we would face many problems. When there is too much water in one place, it becomes a flood(洪水). When water is badly in need, it becomes a drought(旱灾).”可知,水循环很重要,没有与之相关的水蒸气参与循环会出现灾难情况,④“没有水蒸气可能会有一些灾难”符合原文;因此③④正确。故选B。
5. D [解析]主旨大意题。综合全文,尤其是根据最后一段中的“Understanding the water cycle can help us enjoy the beauty of nature, know how our planet works and develop better methods to protect our earth.”可知,本文详细介绍了水循环的过程和重要性,并提到理解水循环有助于我们更好地保护地球。据此可知,作者的写作目的是呼吁人们保护我们的地球。故选D。
1. D [解析]细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As water vapour rises into the sky, it cools down and becomes clouds. After that, clouds travel through the sky and fall back to earth as rain or snow. Then, water runs through rivers and oceans and finally returns to the earth again in different forms like rainwater or snow.”可知,水循环从水蒸气上升开始,然后形成云,接着云以降雨或降雪的形式落下,最后水返回地面。对比选项可知,D选项③④②①符合这一顺序。故选D。
2. A [解析]细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The water cycle plays an important role in protecting our earth's climate. It provides us with water to drink and keeps our climate healthy.”可知,水循环在保护地球气候方面起着重要作用,它为我们提供饮用水并使我们的气候保持健康。故选A。
3. D [解析]代词指代题。根据第三段中的“On top of that, it takes water from rivers and oceans and brings it to the areas that don't have enough water.”可知,它从河流和海洋中取水,并将水带到缺水的地区;结合前文一直在讲的主体“the water cycle”可知,此处描述的是水循环的作用。据此可以推断,画线单词“it”指代上文提到的“The water cycle”。故选D。
4. B [解析]细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As water vapour rises into the sky, it cools down and becomes clouds.”可知,水蒸气升入天空后,冷却形成云,因此③“水蒸气冷却后变成云”符合原文;再根据第三段中的“Without the cycle, we would face many problems. When there is too much water in one place, it becomes a flood(洪水). When water is badly in need, it becomes a drought(旱灾).”可知,水循环很重要,没有与之相关的水蒸气参与循环会出现灾难情况,④“没有水蒸气可能会有一些灾难”符合原文;因此③④正确。故选B。
5. D [解析]主旨大意题。综合全文,尤其是根据最后一段中的“Understanding the water cycle can help us enjoy the beauty of nature, know how our planet works and develop better methods to protect our earth.”可知,本文详细介绍了水循环的过程和重要性,并提到理解水循环有助于我们更好地保护地球。据此可知,作者的写作目的是呼吁人们保护我们的地球。故选D。
解析
【分析】
本题为跨学科说明文阅读理解，包含5道中考新考法题型（事件排序、细节理解、代词指代、细节多选、主旨大意）。解题思路如下：1. 事件排序题：先定位原文中描述水循环步骤的语句，按先后顺序匹配选项；2. 细节理解题：根据题干关键词定位原文对应段落，查找与选项同义的表述；3. 代词指代题：联系代词所在句的上下文，重点关注前文核心话题，确定指代对象；4. 细节多选题：逐一核对每个选项与原文细节，判断表述是否正确；5. 主旨大意题：综合全文内容，尤其首尾段的总结性语句，提炼作者的写作意图。
【解析】
1. 根据第二段“As water vapour rises into the sky, it cools down and becomes clouds. After that, clouds travel through the sky and fall back to earth as rain or snow. Then, water runs through rivers and oceans and finally returns to the earth again in different forms like rainwater or snow.”可知，水循环顺序为：水蒸气上升→形成云→雨雪落下→水返回地面，对应选项D（③④②①）。
2. 根据第三段“The water cycle plays an important role in protecting our earth's climate. It provides us with water to drink and keeps our climate healthy.”可知，水循环能保持气候健康，对应选项A。
3. 第三段前文核心话题为“the water cycle”，画线词所在句“it takes water from rivers and oceans...”描述的是水循环的作用，故“it”指代“the water cycle”，对应选项D。
4. ①原文未提及水蒸气使地球变暖，错误；②原文提到水以不同形式返回地球，错误；③对应第二段“water vapour... cools down and becomes clouds”，正确；④对应第三段“Without the cycle, we would face many problems... flood/drought”，正确，故③④对应选项B。
5. 综合全文，尤其最后一段“develop better methods to protect our earth”，作者写作目的是呼吁人们保护地球，对应选项D。
【答案】
1.D 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.D
【知识点】
说明文阅读理解、细节理解题、代词指代题
【点评】
本题为跨学科说明文阅读，聚焦水循环话题，涵盖中考常见新考法题型，要求学生精准定位原文信息、理清文章逻辑，适合中等水平学生巩固阅读解题技巧。
【难度系数】
0.6
本题为跨学科说明文阅读理解，包含5道中考新考法题型（事件排序、细节理解、代词指代、细节多选、主旨大意）。解题思路如下：1. 事件排序题：先定位原文中描述水循环步骤的语句，按先后顺序匹配选项；2. 细节理解题：根据题干关键词定位原文对应段落，查找与选项同义的表述；3. 代词指代题：联系代词所在句的上下文，重点关注前文核心话题，确定指代对象；4. 细节多选题：逐一核对每个选项与原文细节，判断表述是否正确；5. 主旨大意题：综合全文内容，尤其首尾段的总结性语句，提炼作者的写作意图。
【解析】
1. 根据第二段“As water vapour rises into the sky, it cools down and becomes clouds. After that, clouds travel through the sky and fall back to earth as rain or snow. Then, water runs through rivers and oceans and finally returns to the earth again in different forms like rainwater or snow.”可知，水循环顺序为：水蒸气上升→形成云→雨雪落下→水返回地面，对应选项D（③④②①）。
2. 根据第三段“The water cycle plays an important role in protecting our earth's climate. It provides us with water to drink and keeps our climate healthy.”可知，水循环能保持气候健康，对应选项A。
3. 第三段前文核心话题为“the water cycle”，画线词所在句“it takes water from rivers and oceans...”描述的是水循环的作用，故“it”指代“the water cycle”，对应选项D。
4. ①原文未提及水蒸气使地球变暖，错误；②原文提到水以不同形式返回地球，错误；③对应第二段“water vapour... cools down and becomes clouds”，正确；④对应第三段“Without the cycle, we would face many problems... flood/drought”，正确，故③④对应选项B。
5. 综合全文，尤其最后一段“develop better methods to protect our earth”，作者写作目的是呼吁人们保护地球，对应选项D。
【答案】
1.D 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.D
【知识点】
说明文阅读理解、细节理解题、代词指代题
【点评】
本题为跨学科说明文阅读，聚焦水循环话题，涵盖中考常见新考法题型，要求学生精准定位原文信息、理清文章逻辑，适合中等水平学生巩固阅读解题技巧。
【难度系数】
0.6
