Passage 1
The moon has two very different sides. The side facing the Earth, called the near side, is dark with large, flat areas. These flat regions are remains of ancient lava flows(熔岩流) that happened billions of years ago. The far side, which always faces away from the Earth, is the opposite. It has more mountains and meteorite craters(陨石坑), making it look rocky.
For many years, scientists wondered why the two sides differ so much. Recently, a team led by NASA scientist Ryan Park found the answer lies under the moon's surface.
The team used data from the mission called GRAIL. In 2011 and 2012, two spacecraft, Ebb and Flow, orbited(绕轨道飞行) the moon for a year. Their job was to measure how the moon bends(弯曲) because of Earth's gravity. Like a soft ball that changes shape when squeezed(挤压), the moon bends slightly as it moves around the Earth. This tiny movement gives clues about its interior(内部).
. Park said, "At first, we couldn't believe the data and checked it many times." The near side is warmer inside, which may make its rocks soft and allow more bending. The far side is cooler and harder, so it bends less. This difference explains why the two sides look so different.
This discovery helps us understand other planets too. Scientists have used this method to study Jupiter and the asteroid(小行星) Vesta. By observing how these bodies respond to gravity, scientists learn about their internal layers(内层), such as whether they have liquid or solid(固体或液体) parts. Park added, "This method will help explore many planetary bodies in our solar system." This new knowledge improves our understanding of planet formation and change.
Next time you look at the moon, remember its two faces tell a story about what lies beneath.
()1. 新考法 图片选择 Which image best represents the difference between the moon's two sides?

()2. What does the underlined word "Their" in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Researchers' plans.
B. Results of the study.
C. The two spacecraft.
D. Craters on the surface.
()3. 新考法 句子回填 Which sentence best fills the blank "" in Paragraph 4?
A. They finally found both sides were too cold to move.
B. At first, they noticed the near side was harder than expected.
C. Strangely, the moon's near side showed more bending.
D. At last, the moon's surface became totally flat.
()4. What is the best title for this article?
A. The History of Ancient Lava Flows on the Moon
B. Why the Moon Bends Around the Earth
C. GRAIL's New Discoveries About the Moon
D. Measure the Moon's Surface

1. B 【解析】根据第一段内容可知，月球的近端黑暗且有大片平坦区域，而远端多为山体和陨石坑，B项图片呈现的特征与之相符。
2. C 【解析】根据第三段中“In 2011 and 2012，two spacecraft，Ebb and Flow，orbited the moon for a year.”可知，在2011年和2012年，Ebb和Flow这两个航天器绕月飞行了一年；再由画线词后面的“job was to measure how the moon bends because of Earth's gravity”可推知，此处是指这两个航天器的任务是测量月球是如何因为地球引力而变弯曲的，故“Their”指代这两个月球轨道探测器，即“The two spacecraft”。
3. C 【解析】根据第四段中“The near side is warmer inside... is cooler and harder”可知，月球近端的内部温度较高，这可能会使岩石变得柔软，会有更多的弯曲，因此C项“奇怪的是，月球的近端显示出更多的弯曲”可用于引出下文。
4. C

【分析】
1. 第1题：需依据原文第一段对月球近侧（朝向地球）和远侧（背向地球）的特征描述，匹配对应图片：近侧黑暗、有大片平坦区域；远侧多山脉和陨石坑。逐一分析选项图片特征，选出符合的。
2. 第2题：代词指代题，定位画线词所在句的前文，找到指代的名词，前文提到“two spacecraft, Ebb and Flow”，结合画线词后的“job”，确定指代对象。
3. 第3题：句子回填题，结合第四段上下文逻辑，前文提及月球两侧弯曲差异，后文说明近侧弯曲更多、远侧更少，空白处需引出近侧弯曲更多的内容，匹配选项。
4. 第4题：主旨大意题，概括全文核心内容，文章围绕GRAIL任务的新发现，解释月球两侧差异的原因，选出最贴合的标题。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据第一段“the near side is dark with large, flat areas... The far side has more mountains and meteorite craters”，分析选项：A项近侧有陨石坑、远侧平坦，不符合；B项近侧黑暗平坦，远侧多陨石坑，符合；C项近侧多陨石坑、远侧平坦，不符合；D项近侧黑暗、远侧明亮，不符合，故选B。
2. 第2题：定位第三段“In 2011 and 2012, two spacecraft, Ebb and Flow, orbited the moon for a year. Their job was to...”，可知“Their”指代前文的“two spacecraft”，故选C。
3. 第3题：第四段前文提到月球弯曲差异，后文说明“The near side... allow more bending. The far side... bends less”，空白处需引出近侧弯曲更多的内容，C项“Strangely, the moon's near side showed more bending”符合逻辑，故选C。
4. 第4题：文章围绕GRAIL任务的新发现，解释月球两侧差异的原因，A项仅涉及熔岩流，片面；B项未涉及核心发现；D项仅涉及测量表面，片面；C项“GRAIL's New Discoveries About the Moon”概括准确，故选C。
【答案】1.B 2.C 3.C 4.C
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、代词指代、主旨大意
【点评】
本题为结合科学主题的英语阅读理解题，考查学生的细节查找、代词指代、逻辑衔接及主旨概括能力，题型多样，需学生准确理解原文信息并进行推理，符合初中英语阅读的常见考法。
【难度系数】
0.5