四、词汇运用(本题有15小题,每小题1分,共15分)
A. 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。每词限用一次。
complete luck provide explore challenge
41. Be brave to face the and difficulties, and you will grow stronger.
42. —Why didn't you come to my birthday party yesterday?
—Sorry, I was so busy that I forgot it.
43. The book students with a chance to learn about the history of China, so it sells well.
44. The girl was very to win the first prize.
45. China has worked hard on space .

41.challenges 42.completely 43.provides 44.lucky 45.exploration

【分析】
首先明确方框内单词的词性与词义：complete（动词/形容词，完成/完整的）、luck（名词，运气）、provide（动词，提供）、explore（动词，探索）、challenge（名词/动词，挑战）。再结合每个句子的结构、语境分析所需单词的形式：
1. 41题：and连接并列成分，后接名词复数difficulties，故空格需填名词，challenge为可数名词，泛指“挑战”用复数形式；
2. 42题：空格修饰动词forgot，需用副词，complete的副词形式表“完全地”；
3. 43题：主语the book是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单三形式，结合固定搭配provide sb with sth（给某人提供某物）；
4. 44题：be动词后需接形容词作表语，luck的形容词构成be lucky to do sth（做某事很幸运）；
5. 45题：space后需接名词，explore的名词形式构成固定短语space exploration（太空探索）。
【解析】
41. 由并列连词and后的名词复数difficulties可知，空格需填可数名词复数，challenge的复数为challenges，故填challenges；
42. 空格修饰动词forgot，需用副词，complete的副词形式为completely，故填completely；
43. 主语the book是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单三形式，结合固定搭配provide sb with sth，故填provides；
44. be动词后需接形容词，luck的形容词为lucky，构成be lucky to do sth结构，故填lucky；
45. space后需接名词，explore的名词形式为exploration，space exploration为固定短语，故填exploration。
【答案】
41. challenges 42. completely 43. provides 44. lucky 45. exploration
【知识点】
词汇适当形式填空、词性辨析、固定搭配
【点评】
本题考查方框内单词的适当形式运用，需结合句子结构、语境及固定搭配判断变形，侧重基础词汇的掌握，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6

B. 根据短文内容和所给中文提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。
The climate is very dry in 46. (沙漠) areas, which means there is almost no 47. (降雨量) all year round. What's worse, the difference in temperature between day and night is extremely big. In 48. (仲夏), the temperature can even rise to $70°\mathrm{C}$ during the day while at night it may be below $0°\mathrm{C}$! You may think it's 49. (疯狂的), but animals like camels can 50. (活下来) in such harsh conditions by storing fat in their body and adjusting body temperature. And plants like cacti(仙人掌) have deep roots that help them to find 51. (地下的) water. These animals and plants draw a vivid picture of how they live in harmony with nature.
However, humans often do something that destroy the harmony with nature. Some people cut down forests, pollute rivers and waste 52. (能源). As a result, some animals lose homes and natural 53. (资源) like clean water become scarce(缺乏的). Luckily, there's still hope. The law on environmental protection has improved. And the public awareness of protecting the environment has 54. (增长). With the development of technology, we can also use renewable sources like solar power and wind power. For example, several solar power stations have been built in the 55. (西部) of China to make electricity. When humans work with nature, not against it, we can live safely together. And simple actions, like recycling or saving water, help the environment stay healthy.

46.desert 47.rainfall 48.midsummer 49.crazy 50.survive 51.underground 52.energy 53.resources 54.increased 55.west

【分析】
本题是根据中文提示在空白处填写单词，需结合语境确定单词的词性、形式，注意名词的数、动词的时态、形容词的用法等细节。解题时先明确每个空格对应的中文提示，再结合句子结构判断所需单词的正确形式，确保符合语法和语境要求。
【解析】
46. 中文提示“沙漠”，修饰名词areas，用名词作定语，填desert；
47. 中文提示“降雨量”，是不可数名词，填rainfall；
48. 中文提示“仲夏”，对应单词midsummer；
49. 中文提示“疯狂的”，是形容词作表语，填crazy；
50. 情态动词can后接动词原形，中文提示“活下来”，填survive；
51. 中文提示“地下的”，是形容词修饰water，填underground；
52. 中文提示“能源”，是不可数名词，填energy；
53. 中文提示“资源”，此处指各类资源，用可数名词复数，填resources；
54. 句子是现在完成时（has+过去分词），中文提示“增长”的过去分词是increased；
55. 中文提示“西部”，对应名词west，构成“the west of...”结构，填west。
【答案】
46.desert 47.rainfall 48.midsummer 49.crazy 50.survive 51.underground 52.energy 53.resources 54.increased 55.west
【知识点】
英语单词拼写、名词的正确形式、动词时态
【点评】
本题考查根据中文提示填写单词，侧重基础词汇的掌握及语境运用，需注意词性、单复数、时态等细节，整体难度适中，是英语学习中常见的基础题型。
【难度系数】
0.6