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二、跨学科 历史 阅读理解。(每小题3分,共15分)
我向安娜介绍中国历史上最伟大的老师和思想家孔子,包括他的生平、教育理念和对后世的影响,让她对中国文化和汉语学习的起源有一些了解。
Who is the greatest teacher in Chinese history? The answer for many people may be Confucius, whose ideas on education still influence(影响) us today.
Confucius lived in the State of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period, which lies in Shandong Province. He had a hard childhood. His father died when he was only 3. His mother brought him up. As a child, he had to work to help his mother, but young Confucius didn't give up studying. He visited many famous teachers and learned music, history, poetry and sports.
Later, he became a teacher and started the first private school in Chinese history. At that time only children from noble families could go to school, but Confucius believed everyone should go to school if they wanted to learn. He had about 3,000 students in his lifetime.
Today, people still follow Confucius' lessons. He told us that we all have something worthy to be learned. "When I am with three people, one of them must be better than me in some areas. I choose their good qualities and follow them."
He also taught us that thinking is very important in study. "All study but no thinking makes people puzzled(困惑的). All thinking but no study makes people lost."
Confucius is not only a great teacher, but also a famous thinker with wise thoughts about the world and society. His most important teaching is about kindness and good manners. "A person should be strict with himself, but be kind to others," he said.
1. How did Confucius learn music, history, poetry or sports?
A. He taught himself at home.
B. His mother helped him.
C. He attended a public school.
D. He visited famous teachers.
2. The underlined word "noble" in Paragraph 3 has the closest meaning to "
A. poor
B. bright
C. rich
D. small
3. 创新考法 信息排序 The correct order of the following statements is
① Confucius worked to help his mother as a child.
② Confucius educated about 3,000 students all his life.
③ Confucius' father passed away when he was 3.
④ Confucius started China's first private school.
A. ③①④②
B. ②③④①
C. ①③②④
D. ④③①②
4. What is Confucius' most important teaching?
A. Thinking is the most important in study.
B. Everyone has good qualities.
C. A person should be strict with others.
D. We should be kind and have good manners.
5. Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?
A. Confucius' teaching methods
B. Confucius—a man who changed history
C. Confucius' hard childhood
D. Confucius—a great teacher and thinker
我向安娜介绍中国历史上最伟大的老师和思想家孔子,包括他的生平、教育理念和对后世的影响,让她对中国文化和汉语学习的起源有一些了解。
Who is the greatest teacher in Chinese history? The answer for many people may be Confucius, whose ideas on education still influence(影响) us today.
Confucius lived in the State of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period, which lies in Shandong Province. He had a hard childhood. His father died when he was only 3. His mother brought him up. As a child, he had to work to help his mother, but young Confucius didn't give up studying. He visited many famous teachers and learned music, history, poetry and sports.
Later, he became a teacher and started the first private school in Chinese history. At that time only children from noble families could go to school, but Confucius believed everyone should go to school if they wanted to learn. He had about 3,000 students in his lifetime.
Today, people still follow Confucius' lessons. He told us that we all have something worthy to be learned. "When I am with three people, one of them must be better than me in some areas. I choose their good qualities and follow them."
He also taught us that thinking is very important in study. "All study but no thinking makes people puzzled(困惑的). All thinking but no study makes people lost."
Confucius is not only a great teacher, but also a famous thinker with wise thoughts about the world and society. His most important teaching is about kindness and good manners. "A person should be strict with himself, but be kind to others," he said.
1. How did Confucius learn music, history, poetry or sports?
A. He taught himself at home.
B. His mother helped him.
C. He attended a public school.
D. He visited famous teachers.
2. The underlined word "noble" in Paragraph 3 has the closest meaning to "
C
".A. poor
B. bright
C. rich
D. small
3. 创新考法 信息排序 The correct order of the following statements is
A
.① Confucius worked to help his mother as a child.
② Confucius educated about 3,000 students all his life.
③ Confucius' father passed away when he was 3.
④ Confucius started China's first private school.
A. ③①④②
B. ②③④①
C. ①③②④
D. ④③①②
4. What is Confucius' most important teaching?
A. Thinking is the most important in study.
B. Everyone has good qualities.
C. A person should be strict with others.
D. We should be kind and have good manners.
5. Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?
A. Confucius' teaching methods
B. Confucius—a man who changed history
C. Confucius' hard childhood
D. Confucius—a great teacher and thinker
答案
1. D 细节理解题。根据“He visited many famous teachers and learned music, history, poetry and sports.”可知,孔子是通过拜访许多著名老师来学习音乐、历史、诗歌和体育的。
2. C 词义猜测题。根据“At that time only children from noble families could go to school, but Confucius believed everyone should go to school if they wanted to learn.”可知,当时应是只有贵族家庭的孩子才能去上学,画线词表示"贵族的",与rich近义。
3. A 信息排序题。根据“His father died when he was only 3.”可知,孔子的父亲在他3岁时就去世了,③排第一;根据“As a child, he had to work to help his mother, but young Confucius didn't give up studying.”可知,孔子小时候就帮助自己的母亲,①排第二;根据“Later, he became a teacher and started the first private school in Chinese history.”可知,孔子创办了中国第一所私立学校,④排第三;根据“He had about 3,000 students in his lifetime.”可知,孔子一生教育了约3000名学生,②排第四。A选项是正确的顺序。
4. D 细节理解题。根据“His most important teaching is about kindness and good manners.”可知,孔子最重要的教诲是关于仁慈和礼仪,故D选项符合。
5. D 标题概括题。本文主要介绍了中国历史上最伟大的老师和思想家孔子,包括他的生平、教育理念和对后世的影响,D选项为最佳标题。
2. C 词义猜测题。根据“At that time only children from noble families could go to school, but Confucius believed everyone should go to school if they wanted to learn.”可知,当时应是只有贵族家庭的孩子才能去上学,画线词表示"贵族的",与rich近义。
3. A 信息排序题。根据“His father died when he was only 3.”可知,孔子的父亲在他3岁时就去世了,③排第一;根据“As a child, he had to work to help his mother, but young Confucius didn't give up studying.”可知,孔子小时候就帮助自己的母亲,①排第二;根据“Later, he became a teacher and started the first private school in Chinese history.”可知,孔子创办了中国第一所私立学校,④排第三;根据“He had about 3,000 students in his lifetime.”可知,孔子一生教育了约3000名学生,②排第四。A选项是正确的顺序。
4. D 细节理解题。根据“His most important teaching is about kindness and good manners.”可知,孔子最重要的教诲是关于仁慈和礼仪,故D选项符合。
5. D 标题概括题。本文主要介绍了中国历史上最伟大的老师和思想家孔子,包括他的生平、教育理念和对后世的影响,D选项为最佳标题。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇跨历史学科的人物介绍类阅读理解，解题时首先快速通读全文，明确文章核心是介绍孔子的生平经历、教育理念和对后世的影响。之后逐题对应题干要求回到原文定位信息：细节题直接匹配对应描述的原句；词义猜测题结合上下文逻辑和背景常识推导含义；信息排序题按照文章叙述的时间先后梳理事件发生顺序；主旨类题目要排除仅覆盖局部内容的干扰项，选出能概括全文核心的答案。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第二段末尾句"He visited many famous teachers and learned music, history, poetry and sports."，可知孔子是通过拜访多位知名老师的方式学习音乐、历史等内容，直接对应D选项。
2. 划线词所在句的转折逻辑表明：当时只有特定家庭的孩子才有上学资格，和孔子提出的"人人都有受教育的权利"形成反差，结合古代教育资源稀缺的背景，noble指代贵族的，和"rich富有的"含义最贴近，对应C选项。
3. 逐个定位事件的先后顺序：最早发生的是③孔子3岁时父亲离世，之后是①孔子小时候要干活帮衬母亲，再之后是④孔子创办中国第一所私学，最后是他办学过程中累计培养了约3000名学生即②，最终顺序为③①④②，对应A选项。
4. 定位原文最后一段"His most important teaching is about kindness and good manners."，可知孔子最重要的教诲是待人友善、举止有礼，对应D选项。
5. 全文既覆盖了孔子的早年经历，也介绍了他作为伟大教师、思想家的相关理念与后世影响，A、C选项都仅覆盖文章局部内容，B选项表述过于宽泛，只有D选项能完整概括全文核心，对应D选项。
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. D
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，词义猜测，主旨大意归纳
【点评】
本题结合中国传统文化常识设置考点，题型覆盖细节理解、词义猜测、信息排序、主旨概括，梯度设置合理，既考察学生的英语阅读信息提取能力，也能引导学生加深对孔子相关文化常识的了解，提醒学生做主旨类阅读题时要避免以偏概全，优先选择覆盖全文核心的选项。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇跨历史学科的人物介绍类阅读理解，解题时首先快速通读全文，明确文章核心是介绍孔子的生平经历、教育理念和对后世的影响。之后逐题对应题干要求回到原文定位信息：细节题直接匹配对应描述的原句；词义猜测题结合上下文逻辑和背景常识推导含义；信息排序题按照文章叙述的时间先后梳理事件发生顺序；主旨类题目要排除仅覆盖局部内容的干扰项，选出能概括全文核心的答案。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第二段末尾句"He visited many famous teachers and learned music, history, poetry and sports."，可知孔子是通过拜访多位知名老师的方式学习音乐、历史等内容，直接对应D选项。
2. 划线词所在句的转折逻辑表明：当时只有特定家庭的孩子才有上学资格，和孔子提出的"人人都有受教育的权利"形成反差，结合古代教育资源稀缺的背景，noble指代贵族的，和"rich富有的"含义最贴近，对应C选项。
3. 逐个定位事件的先后顺序：最早发生的是③孔子3岁时父亲离世，之后是①孔子小时候要干活帮衬母亲，再之后是④孔子创办中国第一所私学，最后是他办学过程中累计培养了约3000名学生即②，最终顺序为③①④②，对应A选项。
4. 定位原文最后一段"His most important teaching is about kindness and good manners."，可知孔子最重要的教诲是待人友善、举止有礼，对应D选项。
5. 全文既覆盖了孔子的早年经历，也介绍了他作为伟大教师、思想家的相关理念与后世影响，A、C选项都仅覆盖文章局部内容，B选项表述过于宽泛，只有D选项能完整概括全文核心，对应D选项。
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. D
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，词义猜测，主旨大意归纳
【点评】
本题结合中国传统文化常识设置考点，题型覆盖细节理解、词义猜测、信息排序、主旨概括，梯度设置合理，既考察学生的英语阅读信息提取能力，也能引导学生加深对孔子相关文化常识的了解，提醒学生做主旨类阅读题时要避免以偏概全，优先选择覆盖全文核心的选项。
【难度系数】
0.7
