一、根据汉语意思写单词。
1. It seemed OK at first, but now I have a really (疼痛的)back.
2. The little boy (咳嗽)a lot and felt sick after playing football in the rain.
3. My (喉咙)feels like a desert. I'd like something to drink.
4. It's amazing that a cow has more than two (胃).
5. If you have a nosebleed, you can (压)down on your nose.

一、1. sore 2. coughed 3. throat 4. stomachs 5. press

【分析】
我们可以结合句子语境、语法要求和词汇含义来逐个解题：
1. 第一空需要一个形容词修饰名词“back（背）”，表示“疼痛的”，要回忆描述身体部位疼痛的常用形容词；
2. 第二句中“felt”是过去式，说明句子时态为一般过去时，所以“咳嗽”这个动词要用过去式形式；
3. 第三空直接填写“喉咙”对应的英文单词即可；
4. 第四空前面有数量词“two”，所以“胃”要用复数形式，注意特殊名词的复数变化规则；
5. 第五空前面是情态动词“can”，情态动词后接动词原形，所以填写“压”对应的动词原形。
【解析】
1. 空格处需填形容词修饰“back”，“sore”专门用来描述身体部位的疼痛，符合语境，故填sore；
2. 句子时态为一般过去时，“cough”的过去式是coughed，与“felt”保持时态一致，故填coughed；
3. “喉咙”对应的英文单词是throat，直接填写即可；
4. “stomach”的复数形式是stomachs（因字母组合“ch”在此发/k/音，变复数直接加s），前面有“two”，故填stomachs；
5. 情态动词“can”后接动词原形，“压”对应的英文动词是press，故填press。
【答案】
1. sore 2. coughed 3. throat 4. stomachs 5. press
【知识点】
身体相关英语词汇、一般过去时运用、名词复数变形
【点评】
本题围绕身体不适的场景考查英语基础词汇和语法知识，涵盖形容词、动词时态、名词复数、情态动词用法等考点，贴近生活实际，能有效检验学生对基础英语知识的掌握和运用能力。
【难度系数】
0.8

二、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
6. He is so (care) that he often forgets when to hand in his report.
7. —What's wrong with you?
—I have a bad cold and a (run) nose.
8. The traffic is busy in the morning. You'd better avoid (drive) in the centre of the city.
9. We should learn to look after (we) well.
10. Please follow those (dentist) advice and have a good rest.

二、6. careless 7. runny 8. driving 9. ourselves 10. dentists'

【分析】
我们逐题梳理解题思路：
6. 句子是“so+形容词+that从句”结构，so后需接形容词。根据从句“he often forgets when to hand in his report”可知，这里要表达“粗心的”含义，因此将名词care转化为对应的形容词careless。
7. 此处需要形容词修饰名词nose，“流鼻涕的鼻子”是固定表达runny nose，所以要把动词run变为形容词runny。
8. 动词avoid的固定用法是“avoid doing sth.”（避免做某事），因此要把drive变为动名词形式driving。
9. 句意为“我们应该学会照顾好自己”，主语是we，对应的反身代词是ourselves，用来指代主语自身，所以填ourselves。
10. those后接可数名词复数，dentist的复数是dentists；此处表示“牙医们的建议”，需要用复数名词的所有格，复数名词的所有格在词尾加'，所以填dentists'。
【解析】
6. 结合语境需填形容词表示“粗心的”，care的形容词形式careless符合要求，故填careless。
7. 修饰名词nose需要形容词，run的形容词形式runny表示“流鼻涕的”，构成固定搭配runny nose，故填runny。
8. 根据固定搭配“avoid doing sth.”，drive的动名词形式是driving，故填driving。
9. 主语是we，此处表示“照顾我们自己”，we的反身代词是ourselves，故填ourselves。
10. those后接复数名词dentists，此处表示“牙医们的建议”，需用复数名词的所有格，故填dentists'。
【答案】
6. careless 7. runny 8. driving 9. ourselves 10. dentists'
【知识点】
1. 形容词转化与运用
2. 固定搭配与动名词用法
3. 反身代词与名词所有格
【点评】
本题聚焦英语基础知识点，涵盖词性转换、固定短语、动词特殊用法及代词、名词所有格的运用，题目结合语境考查学生对基础知识的灵活掌握，需要学生熟悉词形变化规则和常用固定搭配。
【难度系数】
0.6

三、阅读理解。
①Stomach flu is a kind of common illness, and it can make you feel very uncomfortable. It spreads easily. So it's easy to get stomach flu, especially when someone around you is getting it. A virus(病毒)causes the stomach flu. No medicine can make stomach flu disappear quickly. Here is some advice for you.
②You can stop the spreading of stomach flu by washing your hands often. Use hot water and soap to wash carefully for some time. Hand sanitizer(洗手液)is not very useful against stomach flu because it mostly kills bacteria(细菌), not viruses.
③It is difficult to kill the virus causing stomach flu. Normal cleaners(清洁剂)won't always get rid of it. So mix bleach(漂白剂)with water, and use that to clean your house. Many viruses can live in the washing machine. So wash clothes with hot water and use bleach, if possible. Dishwashers are better at killing viruses. That's because they keep the dishes hot for longer.
④If you get the stomach flu, drink as much water as possible. When you feel better, don't return to work or school right away. You can still spread the disease for a few days after you feel better.
⑤Stomach flu is terrible, but by following the advice above, you can keep away from it.
()11. What can we know from Paragraph 1?
A. Unhealthy food causes stomach flu.
B. Some medicine can make stomach flu go away quickly.
C. Stomach flu can't spread easily around us.
D. If someone around us gets stomach flu, we may get it too.
()12. The underlined phrase "get rid of" in Paragraph 3 means in English.
A. come from
B. wash away
C. give up
D. fall over
()13. What should we do when we have stomach flu according to the passage?
A. Take more medicine.
B. Drink more water.
C. Stay at school.
D. Eat more fruit.
()14. What's the RIGHT structure of the passage?

三、11—14. DBBC
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肠胃炎，并给出了应对和远离肠胃炎的方法。
11. D【思路点拨】细节理解题。根据第一段“So it's easy to get stomach flu, especially when someone around you is getting it”可知，如果身边有人患肠胃炎，你也很容易得肠胃炎。故选 D。
12. B【思路点拨】词义猜测题。根据第三段“It's difficult to kill ...”和“So mix bleach with water, and use that to clean your house”可知，普通清洁剂无法“洗掉”病毒，漂白剂可以“洗掉”病毒。故选 B。
13. B【思路点拨】细节理解题。根据第四段“If you get the stomach flu, drink as much water as possible”可知，患肠胃炎时应多喝水。故选 B。
14. C【思路点拨】文章结构题。通读全文可知，本文为“总——分——总”结构：第一段总述肠胃炎的特点和致病原因；第二至四段分别介绍预防肠胃炎传播的措施和患病后的应对方法；第五段总结全文。故选 C。

【分析】
1. 第11题：这是细节理解题，解题时需定位到第一段，逐一核对选项与原文信息：原文指出病毒引发肠胃炎，无药物能快速治愈，且肠胃炎易传播，身边有人患病时自己也易感染，据此排除错误选项，选出符合原文的答案。
2. 第12题：这是词义猜测题，需结合上下文语境分析。第三段提到普通清洁剂无法“get rid of”病毒，随后给出用漂白剂加水清洁的方法，由此推断该短语意为“清除、洗掉”，匹配对应选项。
3. 第13题：这是细节理解题，定位到第四段，找到患肠胃炎后的建议，即可得出正确答案。
4. 第14题：这是文章结构题，梳理文章脉络：第一段总述肠胃炎的特点与致病原因；第二至四段分别介绍预防传播的措施和患病后的应对方法；第五段总结全文，属于“总-分-总”结构，对应选项中的结构图示。
【解析】
11. 细节理解题。根据第一段“So it's easy to get stomach flu, especially when someone around you is getting it”可知，若身边有人患肠胃炎，自己也可能感染。A选项“不健康食物引发肠胃炎”与原文“A virus causes the stomach flu”不符；B选项“有药物能快速治愈肠胃炎”与原文“No medicine can make stomach flu disappear quickly”不符；C选项“肠胃炎不易传播”与原文“It spreads easily”不符。故选D。
12. 词义猜测题。根据第三段“It is difficult to kill the virus causing stomach flu. Normal cleaners won't always get rid of it. So mix bleach with water, and use that to clean your house”可知，普通清洁剂无法清除这种病毒，“get rid of”在此处意为“洗掉、清除”，与“wash away”意思相近。A“来自”、C“放弃”、D“摔倒”均不符合语境。故选B。
13. 细节理解题。根据第四段“If you get the stomach flu, drink as much water as possible”可知，患肠胃炎时要多喝水。A“吃更多药”、C“待在学校”、D“吃更多水果”均未在原文提及。故选B。
14. 文章结构题。通读全文，本文为“总-分-总”结构：①段总述肠胃炎的特点和致病原因；②③④段分别介绍预防肠胃炎传播的措施和患病后的应对方法；⑤段总结全文，与选项C的结构图示一致。故选C。
【答案】
DBBC
【知识点】
细节理解题、词义猜测题、文章结构题
【点评】
本文是一篇说明文，围绕肠胃炎的特点、传播预防及患病应对展开。题目考查学生对文本细节的提取能力、词义的语境猜测能力和文章结构的梳理能力，解题需紧扣原文，结合上下文分析判断。
【难度系数】
0.7