2025年学霸题中题八年级数学下册苏科版第162页答案
1.(2024·南通期中)如图①,在平面直角坐标系中,矩形ABCD在第一象限,且BC//x轴,直线y = 2x + 1沿x轴正方向平移,在平移过程中,直线被矩形ABCD截得的线段长为a,直线在x轴上平移的距离为b,a、b间的函数关系图像如图②所示,那么矩形ABCD的面积为( )
  0681618b
A. 20
B. 20√5
C. 40
D. 32

答案

C
2.(2024·宿迁期末)如图,在以O为坐标原点的直角坐标系中,矩形OABC的两边OA、OC分别在x轴和y轴的正半轴上,将反比例函数y = $\frac{k}{x}$(k>0)的图像向下平移n个单位长度后,恰好经过矩形对角线交点和顶点A,且图像与BC边交于点D,则$\frac{CD}{CB}$的值是( )
  第2题
A. $\frac{1}{3}$
B. $\frac{\sqrt{2}}{4}$
C. $\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}$
D. $\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}$

答案

A 解析:设$A(a,0)$,$B(a,b)$,则对角线交点的坐标为$(\frac{a}{2},\frac{b}{2})$,反比例函数$y = \frac{k}{x}(k>0)$的图像向下平移$n$个单位长度后的表达式为$y = \frac{k}{x}-n$,由已知,得$\begin{cases}\frac{b}{2}=\frac{k}{\frac{a}{2}}-n\\0=\frac{k}{a}-n\end{cases}$,解得$\begin{cases}k = \frac{ab}{2}\\n=\frac{b}{2}\end{cases}$,$\therefore$反比例函数$y = \frac{k}{x}(k>0)$的图像向下平移$n$个单位长度后的表达式为$y = \frac{ab}{2x}-\frac{b}{2}$。设$D(c,b)$,则$b = \frac{ab}{2c}-\frac{b}{2}$,$\therefore c = \frac{a}{3}$,$\therefore D(\frac{a}{3},b)$,$\therefore\frac{CD}{CB}=\frac{\frac{a}{3}}{a}=\frac{1}{3}$。故选A。
3.(2024·扬州期末)如图,双曲线y = $\frac{k}{x}$(k≠0)与直线y = mx(m≠0)交于A(2,4)、B两点,将直线AB向下平移n个单位长度,平移后的直线与双曲线在第一象限的分支交于点C,连接AC并延长交x轴于点D. 若点C恰好是线段AD的中点,则n的值为_______.
  第3题

答案

6 解析:$\because$双曲线$y = \frac{k}{x}(k\neq0)$与直线$y = mx(m\neq0)$交于$A(2,4)$,$\therefore 4 = \frac{k}{2}$,$4 = 2m$,解得$k = 8$,$m = 2$,$\therefore y = \frac{8}{x}$,$y = 2x$。直线$AB$向下平移$n$个单位长度,平移后的表达式为$y = 2x - n$。$\because$点$C$恰好是线段$AD$的中点,$\therefore$点$C$的纵坐标为$\frac{0 + 4}{2}=2$。$\because$点$C$在反比例函数$y = \frac{8}{x}$的图像上,$\therefore$由$2 = \frac{8}{x}$得$x = 4$,则点$C$的坐标为$(4,2)$,将$(4,2)$代入$y = 2x - n$中,得$2 = 2\times4 - n$,解得$n = 6$。
4. 如图,菱形OABC的顶点A在x轴上,CD⊥AB于点D,将菱形沿CD所在直线折叠,点B的对应点为B'.若∠AOC = 45°,点B'的横坐标为4,则点B的坐标为( )
  第4题
A. (4√2 + 4,4)
B. (8,4)
C. (4√2 + 4,2√2)
D. (8,2√2)

答案

A 解析:令$OA$与$B'C$的交点为$E$,$\because$四边形$OABC$是菱形,$\angle AOC = 45^{\circ}$,$\therefore OC = BC$,$BC// OA$,$\angle B=\angle AOC = 45^{\circ}$。$\because CD\perp AB$,菱形沿$CD$所在直线折叠,点$B$的对应点为$B'$,$\therefore\angle B'=\angle B = 45^{\circ}$,$\therefore\angle BCB' = 90^{\circ}$,即$BC\perp B'C$,$\therefore OA\perp B'C$,$\therefore\triangle CEO$是等腰直角三角形。$\because$点$B'$的横坐标为$4$,$\therefore OE = CE = 4$,$\therefore OC=\sqrt{OE^{2}+CE^{2}} = 4\sqrt{2}$,$\therefore BC = 4\sqrt{2}$,$\therefore$点$B$的坐标为$(4\sqrt{2}+4,4)$,故选A。
5.(2024·徐州期末)如图,四边形纸片ABCD,AD//BC,AB//CD. 将纸片折叠,点A、B分别落在G、H处,EF为折痕,FH交CD于点K.若∠CKF = 40°,则∠A + ∠GED = _______°.
  第5题

答案

140 解析:$\because AD// BC$,$AB// CD$,$\therefore$四边形$ABCD$是平行四边形,$\therefore\angle A=\angle C$。根据折叠的性质可知,$\angle AEF=\angle GEF$,$\angle EFB=\angle EFK$。$\because AD// BC$,$\therefore\angle DEF=\angle EFB$,$\angle AEF=\angle EFC$,$\therefore\angle GEF=\angle AEF=\angle EFC$,$\angle DEF=\angle EFB=\angle EFK$,$\therefore\angle GEF-\angle DEF=\angle EFC-\angle EFK$,$\therefore\angle GED=\angle CFK$。$\because\angle C+\angle CFK+\angle CKF = 180^{\circ}$,$\angle CKF = 40^{\circ}$,$\therefore\angle C+\angle CFK = 140^{\circ}$,$\therefore\angle A+\angle GED = 140^{\circ}$。
6.(2024·扬州期末)如图,矩形ABCD的边AD长为2,将△ADC沿对角线AC翻折得到△AD'C,CD'与AB交于点E,再将△BCE沿CE进行翻折,得到△B'CE.若两次折叠后,点B'恰好落在△ADC的边上,则AB的长为_______.
  

答案


$2\sqrt{3}$或$2\sqrt{2}+2$ 解析:$\because$四边形$ABCD$为矩形,$\therefore BC = AD = 2$,$\angle B=\angle D = 90^{\circ}$。$\because\triangle ADC$沿对角线$AC$翻折得到$\triangle A'D'C$,$\therefore\angle D'=\angle D = 90^{\circ}$,$A'D' = AD = 2$。$\because$以$CD'$为折痕,将$\triangle BCE$进行翻折,得到$\triangle B'CE$,$\therefore\angle CB'E=\angle B = 90^{\circ}$,$CB' = CB = 2$。当点$B'$恰好落在$AC$上时,如图①,在$\triangle AD'E$和$\triangle CBE$中,$\begin{cases}\angle AED'=\angle CEB\\\angle D'=\angle B\\AD' = CB\end{cases}$,$\therefore\triangle AD'E\cong\triangle CBE(AAS)$,$\therefore EA = EC$,即$\triangle EAC$为等腰三角形。$\because\angle CB'E=\angle B = 90^{\circ}$,$\therefore$点$B'$为$AC$中点,$\therefore AC = 2CB' = 2CB = 4$。在$Rt\triangle ABC$中,$AB^{2}+BC^{2}=AC^{2}$,即$AB^{2}+2^{2}=4^{2}$,解得$AB = 2\sqrt{3}$。
DD
当点$B'$恰好落在$DC$上时,如图②,$\because\angle CB'E=\angle B=\angle DCB = 90^{\circ}$,$\therefore$四边形$B'ECB$为矩形,$\therefore B'E = CB = 2$。$\because\triangle BCE$沿$CD'$进行翻折,得到$\triangle B'CE$,$\therefore BE = B'E = 2$。在$Rt\triangle CBE$中,$CE=\sqrt{CB^{2}+BE^{2}}=\sqrt{2^{2}+2^{2}} = 2\sqrt{2}$,在$\triangle AD'E$和$\triangle CBE$中,$\begin{cases}\angle AED'=\angle CEB\\\angle D'=\angle B\\AD' = CB\end{cases}$,$\therefore\triangle AD'E\cong\triangle CBE(AAS)$,$\therefore AE = CE = 2\sqrt{2}$,$\therefore AB = AE + BE = 2\sqrt{2}+2$。故答案为$2\sqrt{3}$或$2\sqrt{2}+2$。
7.(2024·泰州期末)如图,在矩形纸片ABCD中,E为边AD上的动点,F为边BC上的动点,连接EF.
(1)若AB = 3,BC = 4.
①如图①,点E与点D重合,点F与点B重合,将矩形纸片沿EF折叠,点A落在点G处,设DG与BC相交于点H,求CH的长;
②如图②,将矩形纸片沿EF折叠,使点B与点D重合,求折痕EF的长.
(2)如图③,点E为AD的中点,点F与点B重合,将矩形纸片沿EF折叠,点A落在点G处,且点G在矩形ABCD内部,延长BG交CD于点H,若DH = 2CH,求$\frac{AD}{AB}$的值.
     BF

答案


(1)①$\because$四边形$ABCD$为矩形,$\therefore AB = CD = BG$,$\angle G=\angle C=\angle A = 90^{\circ}$。$\because\angle BHG=\angle DHC$,$\therefore\triangle BHG\cong\triangle DHC(AAS)$,$\therefore CH = GH$。设$CH = GH = x$,$\because AB = 3$,$BC = 4$,$\therefore BG = 3$,$BH = 4 - x$。$\because BG^{2}+GH^{2}=BH^{2}$,即$3^{2}+x^{2}=(4 - x)^{2}$,解得$x=\frac{7}{8}$,$\therefore CH=\frac{7}{8}$。
②如图,连接$BE$,过点$E$作$EK\perp BC$,由折叠可得$BF = DF$,$\angle BFE=\angle DFE$。$\because EF = EF$,$\therefore\triangle BFE\cong\triangle DFE(SAS)$,$\therefore BE = ED$。由折叠可得$AB = DG$,$\therefore Rt\triangle ABE\cong Rt\triangle GDE(HL)$,由①同理可求,$AE=\frac{7}{8}=BK$,设$BF = DF = y$,则$CF = 4 - y$。$\because(4 - y)^{2}+3^{2}=y^{2}$,解得$y=\frac{25}{8}$,$\therefore BF=\frac{25}{8}$,$\therefore KF = BF - BK=\frac{9}{4}$。$\because EK = AB = 3$,$\therefore EF=\frac{15}{4}$。

(2)连接$EH$,$\because DH = 2CH$,点$E$为$AD$的中点,设$CH = x$,$DE = y$,$\therefore DH = 2x$,$AD = 2y$,$\therefore EH^{2}=y^{2}+4x^{2}$。由折叠性质可得$BG = AB = CD = 3x$,$\angle BGE=\angle A = 90^{\circ}$,$\therefore\angle EGH = 90^{\circ}$,$\therefore GH=\sqrt{EH^{2}-EG^{2}} = 2x$,$\therefore BH = 5x$,$\therefore BC=\sqrt{BH^{2}-CH^{2}} = 2\sqrt{6}x = 2y$,$\therefore\frac{AD}{AB}=\frac{2y}{3x}=\frac{2\sqrt{6}}{3}$。