2025年学霸题中题八年级数学下册苏科版第163页答案
8.(2024·内江中考改编)如图,在平面直角坐标系中,AB⊥y轴,垂足为点B,将△ABO绕点A逆时针旋转到△AB₁O₁的位置,使点B的对应点B₁落在直线y = - $\frac{3}{4}$x上,再将△AB₁O₁绕点B₁逆时针旋转到△A₁B₁O₂的位置,使点O₁的对应点O₂也落在直线y = - $\frac{3}{4}$x上,如此下去,…,若点B的坐标为(0,3),则点B₃₇的坐标为_______.
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答案

$(-180,135)$ 解析:$\because AB\perp y$轴,点$B$的坐标为$(0,3)$,$\therefore OB = 3$,则点$A$的纵坐标为$3$,代入$y = -\frac{3}{4}x$,得$x = - 4$,则点$A$的坐标为$(-4,3)$。$\because OB = 3$,$AB = 4$,$\therefore OA=\sqrt{3^{2}+4^{2}} = 5$,由旋转可知,$OB = O_{1}B_{1}=O_{2}B_{1}=\cdots = 3$,$OA = O_{1}A = O_{2}A=\cdots = 5$,$AB = AB_{1}=A_{1}B_{1}=A_{2}B_{2}=\cdots = 4$,$\therefore OB_{1}=OA + AB_{1}=5 + 4 = 9$,$B_{1}B_{3}=3 + 4 + 5 = 12$,$\therefore B_{1}B_{3}=B_{3}B_{5}=\cdots = B_{35}B_{37}=12$,$\therefore OB_{37}=OB_{1}+B_{1}B_{37}=9+\frac{(37 - 1)}{2}\times12 = 225$。设点$B_{37}$的坐标为$(a,-\frac{3}{4}a)$,则$OB_{37}=\sqrt{a^{2}+(-\frac{3}{4}a)^{2}} = 225$,解得$a=-180$或$180$(舍去),则$-\frac{3}{4}a = 135$,$\therefore$点$B_{37}$的坐标为$(-180,135)$。
9.(2024·淮安期末)如图①,矩形ABCD中,AB = 15,BC = 20,将矩形ABCD绕着点B顺时针旋转,得到矩形BEFG.
(1)当点E落在BD上时,则线段DE的长度等于_______;
(2)如图②,当点E落在AC上时,求△BCE的面积;
(3)如图③,连接AE、CE、AG、CG,判断线段AE与CG的位置关系且说明理由,并求CE² + AG²的值;
(4)在旋转过程中,请直接写出$S_{△BCE}+S_{△ABG}$的最大值.
    

答案


(1) 10 解析:如图①,$\because$四边形$ABCD$是矩形,$\therefore AD = BC = 20$,$\angle A = 90^{\circ}$。在$Rt\triangle BAD$中,根据勾股定理,得$BD=\sqrt{AB^{2}+AD^{2}}=\sqrt{15^{2}+20^{2}} = 25$,由旋转知,$BE = AB = 15$,$\therefore DE = BD - BE = 25 - 15 = 10$。

(2)如图②,在$Rt\triangle ABC$中,$AC = 25$,由旋转得,$BE = AB = 15$,过点$B$作$BM\perp AC$于点$M$,由等腰三角形的“三线合一”性质可知,$AE = 2AM$,在$\triangle ABC$中使用等面积法可知,$AB\cdot BC = AC\cdot BM$,解得$BM=\frac{AB\cdot BC}{AC}=\frac{15\times20}{25}=12$,在$Rt\triangle ABM$中,由勾股定理可知,$AM=\sqrt{AB^{2}-BM^{2}}=\sqrt{15^{2}-12^{2}} = 9$,$\therefore AE = 2AM = 2\times9 = 18$,$\therefore CE = AC - AE = 25 - 18 = 7$,$\therefore S_{\triangle BCE}=\frac{1}{2}CE\cdot BM=\frac{1}{2}\times7\times12 = 42$,故$\triangle BCE$的面积为$42$。
(3)$AE\perp CG$,理由如下:如图③,将$AE$与$BC$的交点记作点$P$,$AE$与$CG$的交点记作$Q$,由旋转知,$\angle ABE=\angle CBG$,$AB = BE$,$\therefore\angle BAE=\frac{1}{2}(180^{\circ}-\angle ABE)=\frac{1}{2}(180^{\circ}-\angle CBG)$,由旋转知,$BC = BG$,$\therefore\angle BCG=\frac{1}{2}(180^{\circ}-\angle CBG)$,$\therefore\angle BAE=\angle BCG$。$\because\angle APB=\angle CPE$,$\therefore\angle CQP=\angle ABC = 90^{\circ}$,$\therefore AE\perp CG$。连接$AC$、$EG$,由旋转知,$BE = AB = 15$,$BG = BC = 20$,在$Rt\triangle AQC$中,$AQ^{2}+CQ^{2}=AC^{2}=25^{2}=625$,在$Rt\triangle GQE$中,$QE^{2}+QG^{2}=EG^{2}=25^{2}=625$,在$Rt\triangle CQE$中,$CE^{2}=CQ^{2}+QE^{2}$,在$Rt\triangle AQG$中,$AG^{2}=AQ^{2}+GQ^{2}$,$\therefore CE^{2}+AG^{2}=(CQ^{2}+QE^{2})+(AQ^{2}+GQ^{2})=(CQ^{2}+AQ^{2})+(QE^{2}+QG^{2})=AC^{2}+EG^{2}=625 + 625 = 1250$。
  
(4)300 解析:如图④,延长$AB$至$E'$,使$BE' = BE$,连接$AG$、$GE'$,过点$G$作$GH\perp AB$于点$H$,$\therefore AE' = AB + BE' = 15 + 15 = 30$。$\because\angle EBG=\angle CBE' = 90^{\circ}$,$\therefore\angle CBE=\angle GBE'$。由旋转知,$BC = BG$,$\therefore\triangle BCE\cong\triangle BGE'(SAS)$,$\therefore S_{\triangle BCE}=S_{\triangle BGE'}$,$\therefore S_{\triangle BCE}=S_{\triangle BGE'}=S_{\triangle ABG}=\frac{1}{2}S_{\triangle AE'G}=\frac{1}{2}\times\frac{1}{2}AE'\cdot GH = 7.5GH$,要使$S_{\triangle BCE}+S_{\triangle ABC}$最大,则$GH$最大,而$GH$最大为$BG = 20$,故$S_{\triangle BCE}+S_{\triangle ABC}$的最大值为$300$。