一、词汇运用
A)根据语境,在横线处填写一个适当的词或用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Technology has brought great changes in our lives.
2. Lack sleep can affect your mood and study efficiency.
3. The trip is hard—Annie has to walk 5 kilometres on a dry, (sand) road in the hot sun.
4. The local community (support) this charity project since 2023.
5. The new policy aims to(旨在) improve people's living and (house) conditions.

1. about 2. of 3. sandy 4. has supported 5. housing

【分析】
本题为英语词汇运用题，需结合固定搭配、词形变化、时态规则逐一解题：第1题考查固定短语搭配；第2题考查固定介词搭配；第3题需用形容词修饰名词；第4题根据时间标志判断时态；第5题考查固定名词短语搭配。
【解析】
1. 固定搭配bring about表示“带来、导致”，符合语境，故填about；
2. 固定短语lack of表示“缺乏”，为常用搭配，故填of；
3. 此处修饰名词road，需用sand的形容词形式sandy，故填sandy；
4. 时间状语since 2023提示用现在完成时，主语the local community为单数，故填has supported；
5. 固定短语housing conditions表示“住房条件”，故填housing。
【答案】
1. about 2. of 3. sandy 4. has supported 5. housing
【知识点】
固定搭配、词形转换、现在完成时
【点评】
本题侧重考查英语基础词汇的固定搭配、词形变化及时态运用，是初中英语的核心基础题型，需熟练掌握相关规则。
【难度系数】
0.6

B)根据语境从方框中选择合适的单词并用其适当形式填空。
soil; corn; shortage; railway; government
1. Yuan Longping has devoted all his time to solving the food problem.
2. Planting more trees can protect the from being washed away by rain.
3. Our city is building more parks to make people's life more comfortable.
4. Cindy loves eating yellow foods—, potatoes, and bananas.
5. China has built many high-speed in the past ten years.

1. shortage 2. soil 3. government 4. corn 5. railways

【分析】
这是一道选词填空题，解题思路如下：首先明确方框内5个单词的词义：soil（土壤）、corn（玉米）、shortage（短缺）、railway（铁路）、government（政府）；接着逐句分析句子语境，匹配合适的单词，同时注意单词的形式变化（如可数名词的单复数）；最后确定每个空的正确单词及形式。
【解析】
1. 句意：袁隆平一生致力于解决食物短缺问题，“shortage”表示“短缺”，符合“食物短缺”的语境，故填shortage；
2. 句意：种更多树可以保护土壤不被雨水冲走，“soil”意为“土壤”，符合语境，且为不可数名词，用原形，故填soil；
3. 句意：我们城市的政府正在建设更多公园来让人们的生活更舒适，“government”意为“政府”，符合语境，故填government；
4. 句意：辛迪喜欢吃黄色食物——玉米、土豆和香蕉，“corn”是黄色食物，符合语境，故填corn；
5. 句意：中国在过去十年建了很多高铁，“many”后接可数名词复数，railway的复数是railways，故填railways。
【答案】
1. shortage 2. soil 3. government 4. corn 5. railways
【知识点】
名词词义辨析；名词的单复数
【点评】
本题考查常用名词的词义理解及语境运用，难度较低，只要掌握单词含义并结合句子语境分析，即可轻松完成填空。
【难度系数】
0.7

二、情境运用
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1. A: What did your hometown use to be like?
B: .
2. A: The hill has changed a lot. It used to be covered with sand. What about now?
B: .
3. A: ?
B: Yes, it has. It's convenient for people in my village to see a doctor.
4. A: How has his way of going to school changed?
B:
5. A: When did Mike become a friend of yours?
B: .

1. It used to be a poor village with rough roads
2. Now it is covered with many trees
3. Has a new hospital been built in your village/Has your village built a new hospital
4. He used to go to school on foot, but now he goes to school by bike/He used to walk to school, but now he rides a bike to school
5. He became a friend of mine five years ago

【分析】本题为情景补全对话，需结合图片信息、问句的时态及语境完成作答。第1题询问家乡过去的样子，对应图1的旧村庄与土路；第2题询问山现在的情况，对应图2的树木；第3题答句为现在完成时的肯定回答，结合“方便看医生”的语境，需提问是否建了新医院；第4题询问上学方式的变化，对应图4的过去步行、现在骑车；第5题询问成为朋友的时间，对应图5的五年前。
【解析】1. 问句用“What did...use to be like?”询问过去的状态，图1显示过去是有土路的旧村庄，故用“used to”结构回答：It used to be a poor village with rough roads。2. 问句问山现在的情况，图2显示现在山上覆盖很多树，故回答：Now it is covered with many trees。3. 答句是“Yes, it has”，为现在完成时的一般疑问句，结合“方便看医生”，可知问句是问是否建了新医院，故填：Has a new hospital been built in your village/Has your village built a new hospital。4. 问上学方式的变化，图4显示过去步行、现在骑车，故用“used to”与“now”对比回答：He used to go to school on foot, but now he goes to school by bike/He used to walk to school, but now he rides a bike to school。5. 问成为朋友的时间，图5显示是五年前，故回答：He became a friend of mine five years ago。
【答案】1. It used to be a poor village with rough roads
2. Now it is covered with many trees
3. Has a new hospital been built in your village/Has your village built a new hospital
4. He used to go to school on foot, but now he goes to school by bike/He used to walk to school, but now he rides a bike to school
5. He became a friend of mine five years ago
【知识点】used to的用法、现在完成时、情景交际
【点评】本题结合图片考查情景对话，需要学生理解图意，掌握描述过去与现在变化的常用表达，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.5

三、探教材 阅读填空(教材P4对话改编)
Over the last 20 years, great changes 1. (take) place in the villagers' hometown. Many young people used to 2. (work) in big cities, but now more of them have come back to live and work here.
The way of farming has also changed 3. lot. Ms Wu used to grow a few vegetables on a small farm 4. (sell) at the local market. Now, she 5. (have) large, high-tech greenhouses, where she grows tons of fruit and vegetables and sells them in large cities. The new highway and railway have made a big 6. (different) to the village. It has become a tourist 7. (attract), and villagers can sell local 8. (product) to tourists and online to people all over China.
These changes have 9. (great) improved the villagers' lives. They now have new houses, and the village has just built a new hospital and a library. Together, they are building a new 10. (social) village.

1. have taken 2. work 3. a 4. to sell 5. has
6. difference 7. attraction 8. products 9. greatly
10. socialist

【分析】
本题为英语语法填空，需结合时态、固定搭配、词性转换、非谓语动词等知识点解题。先通读全文把握语境，再逐句分析每个空的语法结构、搭配要求及词性变化：1. 由时间标志Over the last 20 years确定时态；2. 结合used to等固定搭配判断形式；3. 根据修饰成分确定词性转换；4. 依据非谓语用法判断目的状语等结构。
【解析】
1. 时间状语Over the last 20 years是现在完成时标志，主语great changes为复数，故填have taken；
2. used to do是固定搭配，表“过去常常做某事”，故填work；
3. a lot是固定短语，修饰动词changed，表“很大程度上”，故填a；
4. 此处用不定式作目的状语，表种蔬菜的目的是售卖，故填to sell；
5. 主语she是第三人称单数，now表现在，用一般现在时，故填has；
6. make a difference是固定短语，表“有影响”，需用名词，故填difference；
7. tourist attraction是固定搭配，表“旅游景点”，需用attract的名词形式，故填attraction；
8. product是可数名词，此处指各类当地产品，用复数，故填products；
9. 修饰动词improved需用副词，great的副词形式是greatly，故填greatly；
10. 此处修饰名词village需用形容词，social的形容词形式是socialist，表“社会主义的”，故填socialist。
【答案】
1. have taken 2. work 3. a 4. to sell 5. has 6. difference 7. attraction 8. products 9. greatly 10. socialist
【知识点】
现在完成时、固定搭配、词性转换
【点评】
本题为教材改编的语法填空题，紧扣初中英语核心基础知识点，考查时态、非谓语、词性转换及固定搭配，贴近教材内容，侧重基础应用，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6