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八、[2025南京建邺区期末]阅读理解
Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, rainstorms and strong winds, usually make a big difference to human life. They not only cause property (财产) loss but also take away
people’s lives.
Strong winds can be very terrible. On March 31st, 2024, strong winds hit Nanchang, Jiangxi Province. The strong winds broke the windows into pieces and blew off three people sleeping at home, causing their deaths. What’s worse, more than 1,600 trees were blown down overnight. This deadly disaster was mainly caused by funnelling (狭管效应).
When the earthquake happens, the ground and buildings will shake terribly. In serious situations, buildings may even fall down and will bury people in the ground. Recently, in Taiwan, the most powerful earthquake in a quarter century rocked the island on April 3rd. At least nine people were killed and hundreds of people were hurt.
Another example is rainstorms. They can flood many places. Dubai lies on the coast of the Persian Gulf and in the northeast of the UAE with a long and beautiful coastline. It doesn’t rain a lot. But on April 16th, a big rainstorm hit Dubai. It rained so much in just 12 hours that it was like a year’s worth of rain. The heavy rain flooded roads, shopping malls, and even airports, causing a lot of damage.
To better deal with natural disasters, we need to make our disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief coordination system (防灾救灾机制) better. Also, people should learn ways to protect themselves when facing natural disasters. But most importantly, we should realize that we are not the master of nature, and we need to care about it and respect it.
(
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
(
A. It can blow down a lot of trees overnight.
B. It can make buildings fall and kill people.
C. It can flood many places like roads and airports.
D. It can make plants die because of too little water.
(
A. Fact—Opinion—Way B. Fact—Way—Opinion
C. Opinion—Fact—Reason D. Opinion—Reason—Fact
Mini-dictionary
Facts are true statements. They include names, dates, events and numbers. Opinions tell what we believe, feel or think. They may not be true.
(
A. Why natural disasters can take away people’s lives.
B. How we can respect nature and live better with it.
C. Where we can learn about different natural disasters.
D. Which kind of natural disasters is the most dangerous.
Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, rainstorms and strong winds, usually make a big difference to human life. They not only cause property (财产) loss but also take away
people’s lives.
Strong winds can be very terrible. On March 31st, 2024, strong winds hit Nanchang, Jiangxi Province. The strong winds broke the windows into pieces and blew off three people sleeping at home, causing their deaths. What’s worse, more than 1,600 trees were blown down overnight. This deadly disaster was mainly caused by funnelling (狭管效应).
When the earthquake happens, the ground and buildings will shake terribly. In serious situations, buildings may even fall down and will bury people in the ground. Recently, in Taiwan, the most powerful earthquake in a quarter century rocked the island on April 3rd. At least nine people were killed and hundreds of people were hurt.
Another example is rainstorms. They can flood many places. Dubai lies on the coast of the Persian Gulf and in the northeast of the UAE with a long and beautiful coastline. It doesn’t rain a lot. But on April 16th, a big rainstorm hit Dubai. It rained so much in just 12 hours that it was like a year’s worth of rain. The heavy rain flooded roads, shopping malls, and even airports, causing a lot of damage.
To better deal with natural disasters, we need to make our disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief coordination system (防灾救灾机制) better. Also, people should learn ways to protect themselves when facing natural disasters. But most importantly, we should realize that we are not the master of nature, and we need to care about it and respect it.
(
B
) 1. How many pieces of news about natural disasters are mentioned?A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
(
B
) 2. What kind of damage can an earthquake probably cause?A. It can blow down a lot of trees overnight.
B. It can make buildings fall and kill people.
C. It can flood many places like roads and airports.
D. It can make plants die because of too little water.
(
C
) 3. 新考法 写作方法 How does the writer develop Paragraph 2?A. Fact—Opinion—Way B. Fact—Way—Opinion
C. Opinion—Fact—Reason D. Opinion—Reason—Fact
Mini-dictionary
Facts are true statements. They include names, dates, events and numbers. Opinions tell what we believe, feel or think. They may not be true.
(
B
) 4. What might be talked about in the following paragraph?A. Why natural disasters can take away people’s lives.
B. How we can respect nature and live better with it.
C. Where we can learn about different natural disasters.
D. Which kind of natural disasters is the most dangerous.
答案
【主旨大意】本文主要介绍了强风、地震、暴风雨等自然灾害的危害，以及人类应该如何应对它们。
1. B 【点拨】细节理解题。根据“Nanchang...”“in Taiwan”和“a big rainstorm hit Dubai”可知，文章一共提到了三条关于自然灾害的新闻。故选 B。
2. B 【点拨】细节理解题。根据“When the earthquake ... people in the ground.”可知，地震会造成建筑的倒塌和人员的伤亡。
3. C 【点拨】推理判断题。本段第一句表述了作者认为“强风非常可怕”的观点，接下来讲述了江西南昌遭受强风自然灾害的事实，最后说明了此次灾害发生的原因。故选 C。
4. B 【点拨】推理判断题。根据“But most importantly, we ... care about it and respect it.”可知，文章结尾告诉大家要关心和尊重大自然，所以推测接下来会讲述尊重大自然的方法，选项 B“我们如何尊重大自然，并更好地与之相处”符合。
1. B 【点拨】细节理解题。根据“Nanchang...”“in Taiwan”和“a big rainstorm hit Dubai”可知，文章一共提到了三条关于自然灾害的新闻。故选 B。
2. B 【点拨】细节理解题。根据“When the earthquake ... people in the ground.”可知，地震会造成建筑的倒塌和人员的伤亡。
3. C 【点拨】推理判断题。本段第一句表述了作者认为“强风非常可怕”的观点，接下来讲述了江西南昌遭受强风自然灾害的事实，最后说明了此次灾害发生的原因。故选 C。
4. B 【点拨】推理判断题。根据“But most importantly, we ... care about it and respect it.”可知，文章结尾告诉大家要关心和尊重大自然，所以推测接下来会讲述尊重大自然的方法，选项 B“我们如何尊重大自然，并更好地与之相处”符合。
解析
【分析】本题为英语阅读理解题，包含细节理解、语篇结构分析、推理判断三类题型。解题思路：先通读全文把握主旨（介绍自然灾害危害及应对），再针对各题目定位原文对应内容，逐一分析选项：第1题需统计文中提及的自然灾害新闻数量；第2题查找地震造成的危害；第3题分析第二段的写作结构；第4题根据结尾内容推测下文话题。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：文中依次提到南昌强风灾害、台湾地震灾害、迪拜暴雨灾害，共3条相关新闻，故选B。
2. 细节理解题：根据第三段“When the earthquake happens... bury people in the ground”可知，地震会导致建筑倒塌、人员伤亡，对应选项B。
3. 语篇结构分析题：第二段首句“Strong winds can be very terrible”是作者观点；接着列举南昌强风的事件、伤亡、树木被吹倒等事实；最后说明灾害原因是狭管效应，结构为Opinion-Fact-Reason，故选C。
4. 推理判断题：文章结尾强调要关心、尊重自然，推测下文会围绕“如何尊重大自然并与之和谐相处”展开，选项B符合，故选B。
【答案】1.B 2.B 3.C 4.B
【知识点】阅读理解细节理解、语篇结构分析、推理判断
【点评】本文围绕自然灾害展开，考查学生对语篇细节、结构及逻辑的理解，新考法的写作方法题需理清段落逻辑，整体难度适中，贴近生活实际。
【难度系数】0.6
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：文中依次提到南昌强风灾害、台湾地震灾害、迪拜暴雨灾害，共3条相关新闻，故选B。
2. 细节理解题：根据第三段“When the earthquake happens... bury people in the ground”可知，地震会导致建筑倒塌、人员伤亡，对应选项B。
3. 语篇结构分析题：第二段首句“Strong winds can be very terrible”是作者观点；接着列举南昌强风的事件、伤亡、树木被吹倒等事实；最后说明灾害原因是狭管效应，结构为Opinion-Fact-Reason，故选C。
4. 推理判断题：文章结尾强调要关心、尊重自然，推测下文会围绕“如何尊重大自然并与之和谐相处”展开，选项B符合，故选B。
【答案】1.B 2.B 3.C 4.B
【知识点】阅读理解细节理解、语篇结构分析、推理判断
【点评】本文围绕自然灾害展开，考查学生对语篇细节、结构及逻辑的理解，新考法的写作方法题需理清段落逻辑，整体难度适中，贴近生活实际。
【难度系数】0.6
