七、阅读理解
主题:人与自然——自然生态 学科素养:语言能力 词数:约240 建议用时:7分钟
Like humans, sometimes animals also need to communicate (沟通) with each other. They communicate to tell each other where food is or to show how they feel. In fact, there are many ways for animals to do that.
The first and most usual way is by using sounds. For example, if a monkey sees a snake, it'll give an alarm call for all the other monkeys to climb onto the trees. It means they're in danger. Another example is the dolphin. Each dolphin has a special whistle (口哨声). This is similar to calling someone by his or her name. Scientists even think dolphins will whistle to talk to each other about a situation or the day's events.
A second way animals communicate is through body language. For example, a pet dog will keep moving its tail when it is happy or excited. A scared cat will stand with its back high. Bees dance in certain patterns to tell other bees where and how far food is.
Another kind of animal communication is touch. For example, giraffes will wrap their necks together if they like each other. Horses touch their noses together as a sign that they are comfortable with another horse. Some monkeys will touch their hands together to say “Hello”.
Next time you may watch carefully how two animals are communicating with each other when you meet them. It must be great fun.
() 1. According to the article, what can we learn?
A. Monkeys will give an alarm call to say “Hello”.
B. Dolphins can communicate through whistles.
C. Dogs are only able to use body parts to communicate.
D. Horses will touch each other if they dislike each other.
() 2. 新考法·写作手法 How does the writer organize this article?
A. By telling stories.
B. By asking questions.
C. By giving examples.
D. By using numbers.
() 3. 新考法·篇章结构 Which of the following best shows the structure (结构) of the passage?
A. ① / ②③ / ④ / ⑤
B. ① / ②③④ / ⑤
C. ①②③ / ④ / ⑤
D. ① / ②③④ / ⑤
() 4. The passage is mainly about .
A. how animals communicate with each other
B. how important it is for animals to communicate
C. why animals need to communicate with each other
D. when animals need to communicate with each other

【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了动物之间的三种交流方式。
1. B 【点拨】细节理解题。根据“Another example is the dolphin. Each dolphin ... the day’s events.”可知，海豚用独特的口哨声交流。
2. C 【点拨】推理判断题。根据“For example, if a monkey sees a snake ... is the dolphin.”、“For example, a pet dog will ... excited.” 和“For example, giraffes ... touch their hands together to say ‘Hello’.”可知，本文通过举例来表达观点。
3. D 【点拨】篇章结构题。根据“They communicate to tell each other where food is or to show how they feel. In fact, there are many ways for animals to do that.”可知，文章首段综述全文；根据“The first and most usual way is by using sounds.”、“A second way animals communicate is through body language.”和“Another kind of animal communication is touch.”可知，第二、三、四段分述了动物之间的三种交流方式；最后一段做总结。
4. A 【点拨】主旨大意题。根据“Like humans, sometimes animals also need to communicate with each other... to do that.”及全文可知，文章主要举例说明了动物之间是如何交流的。

【分析】本题是一篇关于动物交流方式的英语说明文阅读理解，包含4道不同类型的题目：细节理解题、推理判断题、篇章结构题、主旨大意题。解题思路：①细节理解题需精准定位原文对应语句，逐一比对选项与原文表述，排除错误选项；②推理判断题需结合原文举例、逻辑关系推导，避免主观臆断；③篇章结构题需梳理段落间的总分关系，明确总起段、分述段、总结段；④主旨大意题需抓取全文核心话题，概括主要内容。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：定位原文第二段关于海豚的描述“Another example is the dolphin. Each dolphin has a special whistle... Scientists even think dolphins will whistle to talk to each other...”，可知海豚通过口哨声交流，故B正确。A项：猴子的警报是告知同伴危险，并非打招呼，错误；C项：狗的交流方式不止身体部位，错误；D项：马碰鼻子是表示舒适，而非不喜欢，错误。
2. 推理判断题：文章通过“for example”列举了猴子、海豚、狗、蜜蜂、长颈鹿等动物的交流实例，以此说明动物的交流方式，故写作手法为举例，选C。
3. 篇章结构题：第一段（①）总述动物有多种交流方式；第二、三、四段（②③④）分别介绍声音、肢体语言、触摸三种交流方式；第五段（⑤）总结全文，结构为①/②③④/⑤，选D。
4. 主旨大意题：全文围绕“动物如何相互交流”展开，介绍了三种交流方式，故A正确。B强调交流的重要性、C强调交流的原因、D强调交流的时间，均偏离核心主题。
【答案】1.B 2.C 3.D 4.A
【知识点】英语阅读理解细节理解、英语阅读理解主旨大意、英语阅读理解篇章结构
【点评】本文主题为“人与自然”的动物交流，属于说明文，考查学生对不同阅读题型的解题方法，题型常规，需学生具备精准定位原文、梳理文章结构的能力，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.7