2026年启东中学作业本八年级英语下册译林版徐州专版第148页答案
(
B
)4.It's well-known to us all that paper
was invented
in China more than 2,000 years ago.

A.invented
B.was invented
C.invent
D.is invented

答案

4. B 【点拨】根据“more than 2,000 years ago”可知句子时态是一般过去时,主语 paper 是动词 invent 的承受者,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选 B。

解析

【分析】
拿到这道题可以分两步梳理思路:第一步先判断主语和谓语的逻辑关系,句中主语paper(纸)是“发明”这个动作的承受者,也就是纸是被人类发明出来的,需要使用被动语态,直接就能把主动形式的A、C两个选项排除。第二步抓取题干里的时间提示信息,"more than 2,000 years ago"是非常明确的一般过去时时间标志,说明动作发生在过去,就可以把表示现在时态被动的D选项排除,最终得到正确答案。
【解析】
解:
1. 判断主被动关系:主语paper是动作invent的承受者,二者为被动关系,被动语态的基础结构为"be+动词过去分词",因此主动形式的A(一般过去时主动)、C(一般现在时主动)不符合要求,直接排除。
2. 结合时间状语确定时态:题干中"more than 2,000 years ago"表明动作发生在两千多年前,属于过去的时间范畴,要使用一般过去时的被动语态。paper是不可数名词,对应的be动词过去式用was,invent的过去分词为invented,即正确结构为was invented,排除表示一般现在时被动的D选项。
最终确定正确选项为B。
【答案】
B
【知识点】
一般过去时被动语态,被动语态辨析,时态匹配
【点评】
本题是时态和被动语态结合的基础类考题,解题逻辑清晰,只要先通过主谓关系判断语态缩小选项范围,再通过标志性时间状语锁定对应时态就能快速选出答案,属于初中英语语态板块的高频基础考点,需要学生熟练掌握不同时态被动语态的基本结构,养成从题干抓取时间提示信息的做题习惯。
【难度系数】
0.8
(
C
)5.—What will you do when someone is
handing out
the leaflets to you on the streets?
—I will say "No, thanks!" politely.

A.handing up
B.handing in
C.handing out
D.handing away

答案

5. C 【点拨】根据“the leaflets to you on the streets”可知此处表示“分发,散发”。故选 C。

解析

【分析】
这道题考查动词短语的语境运用,解题时首先抓住题干核心场景:街头、和传单相关的动作,结合答句礼貌拒绝的反应,先明确空缺处需要表达“分发、散发(传单)”的含义,再逐一辨析四个和hand相关的短语的词义,排除不符合语境的选项,就能得到正确答案。
【解析】
我们逐一分析每个选项的含义:
选项A:handing up是hand up的现在分词形式,意为“举手、递交(物品给上级)”,不符合街头发传单的语境;
选项B:handing in是hand in的现在分词形式,意为“上交、提交”,通常指把物品交给上级、老师等,比如上交作业,不符合题意;
选项C:handing out是hand out的现在分词形式,意为“分发、散发”,常用来表示分发传单、宣传册等物品,完全匹配题干里在街上向路人散发传单的场景;
选项D:handing away是错误搭配,不存在这个常用短语,属于干扰项。
综上只有C符合语境。
【答案】
C
【知识点】
动词短语辨析;常用固定搭配;语境理解
【点评】
本题属于基础的短语辨析类考题,核心考点是区分hand相关的高频固定搭配的表意和使用场景,结合生活中街头派发传单的常见情景就可以快速判断出正确选项,提醒同学们日常学习中要多积累同根动词衍生的不同短语含义,结合场景记忆会更牢固。
【难度系数】
0.8
四、连词成句。
1. to and are CDs sold raise money toys (.)
Toys and CDs are sold to raise money. /CDs and toys are sold to raise money.

2. people the Red Cross aims help in disasters to natural (.)
The Red Cross aims to help people in natural disasters.

3. at to Lucy often is read English aloud home made (.)
Lucy is often made to read English aloud at home.

4. by the him after were away eating plates taken (.)
The plates were taken away by him after eating.

5. in Mr to the fill handed out forms us to Lee (.)
Mr Lee handed out the forms to us to fill in.

答案

四、1. Toys and CDs are sold to raise money. /CDs and toys are sold to raise money.
2. The Red Cross aims to help people in natural disasters.
3. Lucy is often made to read English aloud at home.
4. The plates were taken away by him after eating.
5. Mr Lee handed out the forms to us to fill in.

解析

【分析】
做这类连词成句题,首先第一步先梳理所有给出的词汇,优先定位下划线标注的核心提示词,先判断句子是主动语态还是被动语态,找到句子的核心主语,再匹配对应的谓语动词,之后回忆相关固定搭配,依次补充宾语、状语、目的状语等剩余成分,最后检查句子语法是否正确,确认句首单词首字母大写、句末标点正确,没有顺序限定的并列词汇可以互换位置即可。
【解析】
1. 首先识别出被动结构are sold,并列主语可以是Toys和CDs,用不定式to raise money表售卖物品的目的,并列的两个名词没有顺序要求,因此可以组成两个正确句子:Toys and CDs are sold to raise money. /CDs and toys are sold to raise money.
2. 主语是The Red Cross,使用固定搭配aims to do sth,后接动作help people,最后补充地点状语in natural disasters,组合得到正确句子。
3. 主语是Lucy,这里考察被动结构be made to do sth(被迫做某事),频率副词often要放在be动词is的后面,搭配提示的read English aloud,最后补充地点状语at home,组合得到正确句子。
4. 这是典型的by引出动作发出者的被动句,主语是The plates,谓语是were taken away,动作发出者him放在by之后,最后补充时间状语after eating,组合得到正确句子。
5. 主语是Mr Lee,谓语用提示的handed out,宾语是the forms,搭配hand out sth to sb的结构,最后用不定式to fill in作目的状语,组合得到正确句子。
【答案】
1. Toys and CDs are sold to raise money. /CDs and toys are sold to raise money.
2. The Red Cross aims to help people in natural disasters.
3. Lucy is often made to read English aloud at home.
4. The plates were taken away by him after eating.
5. Mr Lee handed out the forms to us to fill in.
【知识点】
连词成句,被动语态,固定搭配
【点评】
本题侧重考察学生对英语基础句子结构的掌握,同时融入了常见固定搭配、被动语态特殊用法的考点,下划线标注核心词适当降低了解题门槛,学生解题时要注意被动结构中使役动词后还原不定式to的规则,避免出现语序混乱、成分遗漏的错误。
【难度系数】
0.6
五、选用方框内的单词或词组填空,其中有一个单词或词组是多余的。
blind support benefit hand out in addition directly
1. Volunteers from the city hospital went
directly
to our school to help students.
2.
In addition
, they brought many free eye test tools and simple medicine with them.
3. Looking at bright screens for too long can
blind
our eyes little by little.
4. After the tests, nurses began to
hand out
small booklets about eye care to us.
5. Each student could get a lot of
benefit
from this helpful and meaningful activity.

答案

五、1. directly 2. In addition 3. blind 4. hand out
5. benefit

解析

【分析】
解题时我们可以先梳理方框内所有词汇/词组的词义和词性:blind(形容词/动词,盲的/使视力受损)、support(名词/动词,支持)、benefit(名词/动词,益处/获益)、hand out(动词短语,分发)、in addition(副词短语,此外)、directly(副词,直接地)。之后逐句分析空格所需的词性,结合语境匹配选项,最后剩余的就是多余干扰项,就能顺利完成填空。
【解析】
1. 第一空修饰动词went,需要填入副词,方框内仅directly是副词,代入语义“来自市医院的志愿者直接前往我校帮助学生”通顺,因此填directly。
2. 空格放在句首作衔接状语,前文提到志愿者来校,后文补充说明他们还携带了物资,用衔接短语in addition表递进补充信息,句首首字母大写,因此填In addition。
3. 情态动词can后需要接动词原形,代入blind作动词表示“使视力受损”,语义“长时间看亮屏会慢慢损害我们的眼睛”符合常识,因此填blind。
4. 固定结构begin to do sth.后接动词原形/动词短语,后文搭配的宾语是护眼小册子,hand out(分发)符合动作逻辑,因此填hand out。
5. 短语a lot of后接名词,搭配固定结构get benefit from...表示“从…中获益”,语义“学生能从这次活动中收获很多益处”通顺,因此填benefit。
本题多余的干扰项为support。
【答案】
1. directly 2. In addition 3. blind 4. hand out 5. benefit
【知识点】
选词填空,词性辨析,短语搭配
【点评】
该题结合生活场景考查词汇的综合运用能力,解题时先通过词性判断缩小可选范围,再结合语境匹配词义即可快速排除错误选项,仅需注意句首单词首字母大写的细节,整体易错点较少。
【难度系数】
0.7
六、阅读短文,在文中空白处填入 1 个适当的单词,或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
Zhang Xiaoxiao is a 9-year-old girl from Zhoukou, Henan. One day, when she 1 (finish) all the vegetables and rice of the school lunch, she left four shrimps in her bowl. When asked why, she smiled and said she would take them home for her sick mother.
Zhang's mother is 2 poor health and can't do heavy work. In addition 3 telling her daughter to eat well, she often worries about Zhang's life at school. 4 the kind girl still saves the shrimps for her.
Mr Zhu, the school principal, 5 (help) raise such a lovely girl. 6 (direct) living with the students, he and his wife take care of them like family. The school has over 180 students. Most have parents working far away, and some don't see their parents even 7 (one) a year.
Though there are government subsidies(补贴), Mr Zhu spends his own money 8 (buy) shrimps, beef and other food for the children. The school's lunch becomes the best meal for some of 9 (they). He said, "I want them to be happy and 10 (health). If a child hasn't got sunshine or love, how can he or she love others?"
1.
finished
2.
in
3.
to
4.
But
5.
helps

6.
Directly
7.
once
8.
buying
9.
them
10.
healthy

答案

六、1. finished 2. in 3. to 4. But 5. helps 6. Directly
7. once 8. buying 9. them 10. healthy

解析

【分析】
这是一篇叙事类语篇语法填空题,解题时首先通读全文,理清故事整体叙事逻辑和基础时态:本文围绕河南周口女孩张晓晓留虾给生病妈妈的暖心故事展开,整体以一般过去时和一般现在时交替叙事。接下来逐个分析每个空的考点:
1. 第一空给出动词finish,动作发生在过去某一天的学校午餐场景,用一般过去式即可;
2. 第二空后面是poor health,对应描述身体状态的固定介词搭配;
3. 第三空前面有In addition,回忆对应的固定短语搭配即可得出答案;
4. 第四空前后两个分句是转折逻辑关系,需要填转折连词;
5. 第五空主语是第三人称单数的校长,描述他长期的行为,用一般现在时的三单形式;
6. 第六空给出形容词direct,要修饰后面的动作,需要转换为副词形式,注意句首首字母大写;
7. 第七空要表达“一年一次”的频率含义,把基数词one转换为对应的频率副词;
8. 第八空考查spend的固定用法,spend后接动名词形式作宾语;
9. 第九空介词of后面要用人称代词的宾格形式;
10. 第十空和形容词happy并列作表语,要把名词health转换为形容词形式。
【解析】
1. 此处描述过去某一天张晓晓吃学校午餐的动作,时态为一般过去时,finish的过去式为finished,故填finished。
2. 固定搭配in poor health表示“身体状况差”,是固定表达,故填in。
3. 固定短语in addition to意为“除了”,后面接名词/动名词,符合语境,故填to。
4. 前文提到妈妈总担心张晓晓在学校的生活,后文说善良的女孩仍然把虾省下来留给妈妈,前后是转折关系,句首首字母大写,故填But。
5. 主语Mr Zhu是第三人称单数,此处描述他长期的行为,用一般现在时,谓语动词用三单形式helps,故填helps。
6. 此处修饰后面的动作“living with the students”,需要用副词形式,direct的副词是directly,句首首字母大写,故填Directly。
7. 此处表达频率“一年一次”,once a year是固定表达,one对应的频率词是once,故填once。
8. 固定用法spend money doing sth. 表示“花钱做某事”,所以buy变为动名词buying,故填buying。
9. 介词of后面要接人称代词的宾格形式,they的宾格是them,故填them。
10. 此处和形容词happy并列作be动词的表语,需要用形容词,health的形容词形式是healthy,故填healthy。
【答案】
1. finished 2. in 3. to 4. But 5. helps 6. Directly 7. once 8. buying 9. them 10. healthy
【知识点】
固定短语搭配
动词时态变化
词形转换
【点评】
本题属于初中阶段典型的语篇语法填空题型,选取暖心的正能量叙事文本,考点全部覆盖初中英语核心基础知识点,没有偏题怪题,学生只要熟练掌握课内的固定搭配、基础句法规则和常见词形转换规律,就可以顺利完成作答,同时也能在做题过程中感受到文中人物的善意与温暖。
【难度系数】
0.7