[课堂再现]
1. This is the book I borrowed from the library.
2. The cake my mother made yesterday was delicious.
3. A friend is a person you know very well and like.
4. Streets, beaches and parks that are usually full of people remain empty.
5. Perhaps we should remember the wise words which Montaigne once wrote—let us permit nature to have her way.
[规则探究]
从以上例句可以看出，
1. that引导的定语从句既可以修饰无生命的事物，也可以修饰，在从句中作主语或宾语；
2. which引导的定语从句修饰的一般是，在从句中可以作主语或宾语；
3. 定语从句引导词在从句中作，通常可以省略，但在正式文体中则常常被保留。

1. 有生命的动物或人 2. 物 3. 宾语

【分析】本题需结合给出的5个例句，分析定语从句中that、which的修饰对象及引导词的句法功能。首先观察例句中that的修饰对象，再看which的修饰对象，最后分析引导词在从句中的成分，进而总结出三个空的答案。
【解析】1. 分析例句：句1中that修饰无生命的book，句3中that修饰有生命的person，因此that引导的定语从句既可以修饰无生命的事物，也可以修饰有生命的动物或人；2. 句5中which修饰无生命的words，因此which引导的定语从句修饰的一般是物；3. 观察各例句，引导词that/which在从句中作宾语时（如句1中that作borrowed的宾语，句2中that作made的宾语），通常可以省略，正式文体中保留，因此引导词在从句中作宾语时可省略。
【答案】1. 有生命的动物或人 2. 物 3. 宾语
【知识点】定语从句引导词、定语从句的用法
【点评】本题通过具体例句探究定语从句引导词的用法，属于基础语法归纳题，需学生结合例句总结规律，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.5

一、根据语境填空
1. The movie we watched last night was really exciting.
2. The student answered the question is Tom.
3. He is the only person in the class can speak French.
4. The writer writes mystery novels is giving a talk at the library.

1. that/which 2. who/that 3. that 4. who/that

【分析】
这几道题均考查定语从句中关系代词的选择，解题思路是先确定每道题定语从句的先行词（即被修饰的名词），再根据先行词指人还是物，以及是否有特殊修饰（如the only）来匹配对应的关系代词：1.先行词是物（the movie），对应修饰物的关系代词；2.先行词是人（the student），对应修饰人的关系代词；3.先行词是人且被the only修饰，需用特殊规则的关系代词；4.先行词是人（the writer），对应修饰人的关系代词。
【解析】
1. 先行词为the movie（物），定语从句中修饰事物的关系代词可用that或which，故填that/which；
2. 先行词为the student（人），定语从句中修饰人的关系代词可用who或that，故填who/that；
3. 先行词为the only person（人），当先行词被the only修饰时，关系代词只能用that，故填that；
4. 先行词为the writer（人），定语从句中修饰人的关系代词可用who或that，故填who/that。
【答案】
1.that/which 2.who/that 3.that 4.who/that
【知识点】
定语从句关系代词用法
【点评】
本题考查定语从句关系代词的基础用法，涵盖先行词指人、指物及特殊修饰（the only）的情况，是英语语法核心基础考点，用于巩固定语从句的基本规则。
【难度系数】
0.3

二、句型转换
1. He likes music. He can sing along with it.（合并为一句）
He likes music
with.
2. The girl is my sister. She is wearing a red dress.（合并为一句）
The girl wearing a red dress is my sister.
3. Anna thanked the woman. She helped her.（合并为一句）
Anna thanked the woman her.
4. She loves movies. She can learn a lot from them.（合并为一句）
She loves from.
5. ago, the, this, house, grandfather, that, built, is, years, my, thirty（连词成句）
.

1. that/which he can sing along 2. who/that is
3. who/that helped 4. movies that/which she can learn a lot 5. This is the house that my grandfather built thirty years ago

【分析】本题为英语句型转换与连词成句题，核心考查定语从句的运用：将两个有共同名词的简单句合并为含定语从句的复合句时，需先确定先行词（共同的名词），根据先行词指人/物选择关系代词（who/that指人，that/which指物），再调整从句的语序和时态；最后一题连词成句需先梳理句子主干，再添加修饰成分。
【解析】1. 先行词为指物的music，选用关系代词that/which，从句部分为he can sing along with，去掉重复的it，故填that/which he can sing along；2. 先行词为指人的the girl，选用关系代词who/that，从句为she is wearing...，故填who/that is；3. 先行词为指人的the woman，选用关系代词who/that，从句时态为一般过去时，动词用helped，故填who/that helped；4. 先行词为指物的movies，选用关系代词that/which，从句为she can learn a lot from，故填movies that/which she can learn a lot；5. 先确定主干This is the house，添加定语从句that my grandfather built，再加上时间状语thirty years ago，组合为正确句子。
【答案】1. that/which he can sing along 2. who/that is 3. who/that helped 4. movies that/which she can learn a lot 5. This is the house that my grandfather built thirty years ago
【知识点】定语从句，句型转换，连词成句
【点评】本题为初中英语基础题型，重点考查定语从句的基本用法及连词成句的逻辑梳理，需掌握关系代词的选择规则和句子结构的调整方法。
【难度系数】0.6

三、根据上下文提示补全短文
I lost my sight 1. I was four. My life was changed completely. I was sad and afraid. 2. I was lucky. My parents and my teachers encouraged me to overcome the difficulties 3. blindness brought to me. The hardest lesson 4. I had to learn was to believe in myself. I didn't want to sit in the chair for the rest of my life. So I set many goals 5. started with the simple things, and then tried to realise them one by one. It was never easy. I failed lots of times, but I also made some progress. Day after day, I found it easier to live with myself. I can't see the real world, 6. I have found meaning and fun in my life.

1. when 2. But 3. which/that 4. that 5. that/which 6. but

【分析】
本题为英语短文补全题，需结合上下文语境及语法规则（从句引导词、连词用法）解题：1. 第1空需引导时间状语从句，对应“当我四岁时”的语境；2. 第2空前后为转折语义，需转折连词；3. 第3、4、5空考查定语从句，需根据先行词特征（指物、是否被最高级修饰）选关系代词；4. 第6空前后为转折语义，需转折连词。
【解析】
1. 第1空：考查时间状语从句引导词，句意为“当我四岁时失明了”，when可引导时间状语从句，符合语境，故填when。
2. 第2空：考查并列连词，前文表述“难过害怕”，后文转折为“幸运”，需表转折的连词，句首首字母大写，故填But。
3. 第3空：考查定语从句关系代词，先行词为difficulties（指物），在从句中作brought的宾语，可用which或that，故填which/that。
4. 第4空：考查定语从句关系代词，先行词为the hardest lesson（指物），被形容词最高级修饰，此时只能用that引导定语从句，故填that。
5. 第5空：考查定语从句关系代词，先行词为many goals（指物），在从句中作主语，可用that或which，故填that/which。
6. 第6空：考查并列连词，前文“看不见真实世界”与后文“找到生活的意义和乐趣”为转折关系，需表转折的连词，故填but。
【答案】
1. when 2. But 3. which/that 4. that 5. that/which 6. but
【知识点】
时间状语从句、定语从句、并列连词
【点评】
本题为初中英语基础题型，聚焦从句引导词与连词的核心考点，需结合语境和语法规则分析，难度适中，能有效考查学生的基础语法掌握情况。
【难度系数】
0.6