四、选词填空

connect run important matter weigh tiny lively act play balanced
The ocean is a mysterious world, home to many amazing creatures. The blue whale, for example, as the largest animal on the earth, can 1. up to 200 tons. Its heart is as big as a car! In contrast, some types of shrimp are 2. than a human finger, almost too small to see clearly. It's incredible to think about such differences.
But in the complex web of life, size doesn't really 3. . In fact, every life form, from the largest whale to the smallest shrimp, 4. a special role in the ecosystem. They are all parts of a big family. Last weekend, our science class took a walk along the beach. It was a sunny day, and we saw a(n) 5. community of birds and crabs. The birds were singing and looking for food, while the little crabs were 6. in and out of their holes in the sand. Our teacher told us that all living things in this area are 7. with each other. The crabs clean the beach, and the birds eat some of the crabs, which helps keep the 8. . For this reason, it's of great 9. to protect our environment. We must remember that we have only one planet to live on. Let's take 10. now!

1. weigh 2. tinier 3. matter 4. plays 5. lively
6. running 7. connected 8. balance 9. importance
10. action

【分析】本题为英语选词填空题，解题思路为：首先通读全文，把握文章关于海洋生态及生物联系的主旨；接着分析每个空格所在句子的语境、语法结构，结合给定词汇（connect, run, important, matter, weigh, tiny, lively, act, play, balanced），同时注意词形变化（如比较级、第三人称单数、非谓语动词等），选择符合语境的词汇完成填空。
【解析】1. 句意：蓝鲸作为地球上最大的动物，能重达200吨。weigh up to是固定搭配，意为“重达”，故填weigh。
2. 句意：相比之下，有些种类的虾比人类手指还小，几乎看不清。由than可知用比较级，tiny的比较级是tinier，故填tinier。
3. 句意：但在复杂的生命网中，大小并不重要。matter在此处作动词，意为“要紧，重要”，助动词doesn't后接动词原形，故填matter。
4. 句意：事实上，从最大的鲸鱼到最小的虾，每种生命形式在生态系统中都扮演着特殊的角色。play a role是固定搭配，意为“扮演角色”；主语every life form是第三人称单数，一般现在时中动词用第三人称单数形式，故填plays。
5. 句意：我们看到了一个由鸟类和螃蟹组成的活泼群落。lively意为“活泼的”，修饰名词community，故填lively。
6. 句意：小螃蟹在沙洞里跑进跑出。run in and out意为“跑进跑出”，前面有were，构成过去进行时，用现在分词形式，故填running。
7. 句意：我们老师说这个区域的所有生物都是相互联系的。be connected with是固定搭配，意为“与……相联系”，故填connected。
8. 句意：螃蟹清理海滩，鸟类吃一些螃蟹，这有助于保持平衡。keep后接名词，balance意为“平衡”，故填balance。
9. 句意：因此，保护我们的环境非常重要。of great importance是固定结构，相当于very important，故填importance。
10. 句意：让我们现在采取行动吧！take action是固定搭配，意为“采取行动”，故填action。
【答案】1. weigh 2. tinier 3. matter 4. plays 5. lively 6. running 7. connected 8. balance 9. importance 10. action
【知识点】英语选词填空、固定搭配、词形变化
【点评】本题围绕自然生态主题，考查学生对词汇的词义、词性、固定搭配及语境的综合运用能力，需结合上下文和语法规则选择并变形词汇，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.3

五、任务型阅读
主题群 子主题 语篇类型 难度
环境保护 说明文 ★★
As we know, we have only one earth. It is our home and it's also our duty to protect our
home. We must take care of it. This means keeping everything clean on the earth.
Pollution is a "dirty" word. To pollute means to make things dirty. Pollution comes in many ways. We see it, smell it and drink it. Pollution is bad for our health and even our life. Man has been polluting the earth from the time he first made his food, washed his clothes in the river and threw his rubbish on the ground.
Many years ago, the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people. All the dirty things would soon be covered up. There was plenty of clean air, land and water. When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place, people moved to another place. But this is no longer true. Man is now slowly polluting the whole earth.
At present, there are several kinds of pollution in the world, such as air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution...
However, we are also glad to see that many people have known this and that they are working hard to stop polluting the earth.
根据短文内容，判断句子正(T)、误(F)。
1. Pollution helps the environment and makes it better.
2. Pollution is good for our health and our life.
3. Many years ago, the earth's air, land and water were clean.
4. Water pollution is less harmful than air pollution.
5. We can protect the earth by planting more trees.

1. F 根据“To pollute means to make things dirty.”以及“Pollution is bad for our health and even our life.”可知，污染意味着把东西弄脏，污染对我们的健康甚至我们的生命都有害，所以它不会帮助环境，让环境变好。
2. F 根据“Pollution is bad for our health and even our life.”可知，污染对我们的健康甚至我们的生命都有害。
3. T 根据“There was plenty of clean air, land and water.”可知，许多年前，污染问题并不严重，地球的空气、土地和水是干净的。
4. F 根据常识可知，空气污染和水污染都很严重。
5. T 根据常识可知，我们可以通过多种树保护地球。

【分析】
做此类判断正误题，需先通读短文把握主旨，再逐题定位原文对应内容或结合常识分析：第1题需明确污染对环境的作用，第2题需确认污染对健康的影响，第3题需查找多年前的环境状况，第4题需对比不同污染的危害，第5题需明确保护地球的方式，依据原文信息或常识判断对错。
【解析】
1. 根据原文“To pollute means to make things dirty. Pollution is bad for our health and even our life.”可知，污染会让事物变脏，对健康和生命有害，不会帮助环境变好，故判断为F；
2. 原文明确“Pollution is bad for our health and even our life.”，说明污染对健康和生命有害，故判断为F；
3. 原文提到“Many years ago...There was plenty of clean air, land and water.”，可知多年前地球的空气、土地和水是干净的，故判断为T；
4. 原文仅列举了多种污染类型，未提及水污染比空气污染危害小，结合常识，两者均危害极大，故判断为F；
5. 植树造林是保护地球的有效方式，结合常识可知该说法正确，故判断为T。
【答案】1.F 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.T
【知识点】任务型阅读（判断正误）、阅读理解、环境保护常识
【点评】本题为任务型阅读中的判断正误题，结合原文信息和基本常识即可完成判断，考查学生的信息定位能力与常识应用能力，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6