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二、阅读理解。(每小题5分,共20分)
People know animals do have feelings, but they are not sure if these feelings are correctly understood. In recent years, scientists have done research on the feelings of cows, frogs and pandas. ▲ It says that humans can tell whether(是否) a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls.
The researchers put a bowl(碗) behind a door. Inside the bowl, sometimes, there was something chickens love to eat. Sometimes, there was nothing. When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds, known as food calls. When there wasn't food, the chickens made low and long noises to express disappointment(失望).
Then the researchers chose 16 recordings of such chicken noises. Half were from the chickens seeing the food and half were from the chickens finding no food. The recordings were played to 194 volunteers.
The result shows that humans have the natural ability to understand the feelings of chickens. Hopefully, this finding can bring about new technology to help with chicken raising, a big industry(产业) in many countries. Some scientists are already working on a smart computer program that can identify chickens' feelings. This is good news for farmers who want to make the birds happier and healthier.
1. 创新考法 句子还原 Which of the following can be put in " ▲ " in Paragraph 1?
A. Humans may not like animals.
B. Scientists know nothing about it.
C. Nobody knows why this happens.
D. A new study adds chickens to the list.
2. Which is most probably the sound wave(声波) of a happy call by a chicken?
3. What does the underlined word "identify" mean in Paragraph 4?
A. Control.
B. Hide.
C. Recognise.
D. Hurt.
4. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Chickens' food
B. Happy chickens, sad chickens
C. Farmers' best choice
D. Smart farmers, healthy farmers
People know animals do have feelings, but they are not sure if these feelings are correctly understood. In recent years, scientists have done research on the feelings of cows, frogs and pandas. ▲ It says that humans can tell whether(是否) a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls.
The researchers put a bowl(碗) behind a door. Inside the bowl, sometimes, there was something chickens love to eat. Sometimes, there was nothing. When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds, known as food calls. When there wasn't food, the chickens made low and long noises to express disappointment(失望).
Then the researchers chose 16 recordings of such chicken noises. Half were from the chickens seeing the food and half were from the chickens finding no food. The recordings were played to 194 volunteers.
The result shows that humans have the natural ability to understand the feelings of chickens. Hopefully, this finding can bring about new technology to help with chicken raising, a big industry(产业) in many countries. Some scientists are already working on a smart computer program that can identify chickens' feelings. This is good news for farmers who want to make the birds happier and healthier.
1. 创新考法 句子还原 Which of the following can be put in " ▲ " in Paragraph 1?
A. Humans may not like animals.
B. Scientists know nothing about it.
C. Nobody knows why this happens.
D. A new study adds chickens to the list.
2. Which is most probably the sound wave(声波) of a happy call by a chicken?
3. What does the underlined word "identify" mean in Paragraph 4?
A. Control.
B. Hide.
C. Recognise.
D. Hurt.
4. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Chickens' food
B. Happy chickens, sad chickens
C. Farmers' best choice
D. Smart farmers, healthy farmers
答案
1. D 句子还原题。根据“It says that humans can tell whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls.”可知，这项研究表明，人类能通过听鸡的叫声来判断一只鸡是高兴还是沮丧。由此可推知，科学家不仅研究了母牛、青蛙和大熊猫，还研究了鸡。
2. D 推理判断题。根据第二段中“When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds, known as food calls.”可知，当鸡看到门后的食物时，它们似乎很高兴，并发出快速而响亮的声音。D项符合这种叫声的特点。
3. C 词义猜测题。根据句意可知，一些科学家已经在研究一个可以识别鸡的情绪的智能计算机程序。
4. B 标题概括题。本文重点谈论了一项关于鸡对食物的反应的研究。该研究表明，当鸡看见食物时就发出高兴的叫声，没看见食物时就发出沮丧的叫声。人类可以通过听鸡的叫声来判断它是高兴还是悲伤。因此B项能作为本文的标题。
长难句解读
原句: People know animals do have feelings, but they are not sure if these feelings are correctly understood.
结构剖析:这句话是含两个宾语从句的并列复合句，核心逻辑是表达人们对动物情感的“已知”与“未知”两种态度。句子结构拆解:(1) 并列连词 but 连接两个分句，前后为转折关系。前分句 People know animals do have feelings 表达确定的认知；后分句 they are not sure if these feelings are correctly understood 表达不确定的疑问。(2) 前分句中 do 起“强调”作用，加强“有情感”这个事实的语气；后分句中 if 引导宾语从句，从句中谓语 are correctly understood 用了被动语态。
翻译:人们知道动物确实是有情感的，但他们不确定这些情感是否能被人类正确理解。
2. D 推理判断题。根据第二段中“When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds, known as food calls.”可知，当鸡看到门后的食物时，它们似乎很高兴，并发出快速而响亮的声音。D项符合这种叫声的特点。
3. C 词义猜测题。根据句意可知，一些科学家已经在研究一个可以识别鸡的情绪的智能计算机程序。
4. B 标题概括题。本文重点谈论了一项关于鸡对食物的反应的研究。该研究表明，当鸡看见食物时就发出高兴的叫声，没看见食物时就发出沮丧的叫声。人类可以通过听鸡的叫声来判断它是高兴还是悲伤。因此B项能作为本文的标题。
长难句解读
原句: People know animals do have feelings, but they are not sure if these feelings are correctly understood.
结构剖析:这句话是含两个宾语从句的并列复合句，核心逻辑是表达人们对动物情感的“已知”与“未知”两种态度。句子结构拆解:(1) 并列连词 but 连接两个分句，前后为转折关系。前分句 People know animals do have feelings 表达确定的认知；后分句 they are not sure if these feelings are correctly understood 表达不确定的疑问。(2) 前分句中 do 起“强调”作用，加强“有情感”这个事实的语气；后分句中 if 引导宾语从句，从句中谓语 are correctly understood 用了被动语态。
翻译:人们知道动物确实是有情感的，但他们不确定这些情感是否能被人类正确理解。
解析
【分析】本题为跨学科的阅读理解推理题，需先从原文定位鸡快乐时的声音特点，再结合声波的频率（振动快慢）、振幅（声音大小）的知识判断选项。首先找到原文中鸡快乐时的描述：发出快速、响亮的声音，对应声波的特点是频率高（单位时间内振动次数多）、振幅大（振动幅度大），据此对比四个选项的声波图即可得出答案。
【解析】根据文章第二段“当鸡看到门后的食物时，它们似乎很高兴，并发出快速而响亮的声音”，可知鸡快乐时的叫声具有振动频率高（声音快速）、振幅大（声音响亮）的特点。观察选项的声波图：A的振动频率低、振幅小；B的振动频率较低；C的振动频率中等；D的振动频率最高、振幅大，符合快乐叫声的特点，因此选D。
【答案】D
【知识点】阅读理解推理判断、声波特性
【点评】本题结合英语阅读理解与物理声波知识，考查学生的信息提取能力和跨学科知识应用能力，需准确提取原文关键信息并结合声波的频率、振幅特点分析选项。
【难度系数】0.5
【解析】根据文章第二段“当鸡看到门后的食物时，它们似乎很高兴，并发出快速而响亮的声音”，可知鸡快乐时的叫声具有振动频率高（声音快速）、振幅大（声音响亮）的特点。观察选项的声波图：A的振动频率低、振幅小；B的振动频率较低；C的振动频率中等；D的振动频率最高、振幅大，符合快乐叫声的特点，因此选D。
【答案】D
【知识点】阅读理解推理判断、声波特性
【点评】本题结合英语阅读理解与物理声波知识，考查学生的信息提取能力和跨学科知识应用能力，需准确提取原文关键信息并结合声波的频率、振幅特点分析选项。
【难度系数】0.5
