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C
KEY→P20
范畴:人与自我 主题:身心健康 体裁:说明文 难度:★★★★ 建议用时:7分钟 评价:/4
Have you ever wished you could lie down under your blankets and stay there for the whole
winter? Well, it turns out that humans may be able to hibernate like bears and other animals after all—and it could be good for us.
When hibernating, animals go into a hole, or other warm positions and turn down some of the roles in their body. This helps them save energy when it’s cold and there isn’t much food to be found. When an animal is hibernating, its breathing slows and its body temperature drops. Grizzly and black bears don’t eat, drink, or go to the bathroom when they’re hibernating, while animals like bats and hedgehogs（刺猬）sometimes wake up to find food or move to another place. Although humans don’t hibernate, scientists think we might have the ability to hibernate.
Sandy Martin from the University of Colorado said the common ancestor of all mammals, including humans, was probably a hibernator. This means our bodies could still have the tools to allow us to hibernate. One of those tools could be a natural chemical in our bodies called adenosine, which sends messages to the brain to make mammals feel sleepy. Domenico Tupone from Oregon Health & Science University discovered that after scientists increased adenosine in rats’ brains, their body temperature fell—just like that it falls in a hibernating animal. As Tupone pointed out, “Rats are similar to humans in terms of the internal circuit of the brain. What we guess is that the circuit is also there in humans, but we have lost the ability to start it.”
Researchers are trying to find out how to use the power of hibernation to help humans. It’s possible that hibernation could protect people from conditions such as heart disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and strokes. Doctors already carefully lower people’s body temperature to treat heart attacks. When a type of squirrel（松鼠）hibernates, its brain is cleared of the same harmful chemicals that cause Alzheimer’s disease in humans.
Hibernation could also help us live longer. A study of bats has shown that when they hibernate, they age more slowly. Hibernation might even help astronauts travel further into space because they wouldn’t need so much food on very long journeys.
(
A. What is hibernation.
B. How long hibernation is.
C. Why animals hibernate.
D. Where hibernation happens.
(
① The human ancestor might be a hibernator.
② Our bodies could still have tools to allow us to hibernate.
③ Humans still have the ability to start the circuit of the brain.
④ Adenosine sends messages to the brain to make mammals feel sleepy.
A. ②③④
B. ①②④
C. ①②③
D. ①③④
(
A. adenosine
B. an animal
C. body temperature
D. hibernation
(
A. Paragraphs 1 and 2.
B. Paragraphs 2 and 3.
C. Paragraphs 3 and 4.
D. Paragraphs 4 and 5.
KEY→P20
范畴:人与自我 主题:身心健康 体裁:说明文 难度:★★★★ 建议用时:7分钟 评价:/4
Have you ever wished you could lie down under your blankets and stay there for the whole
winter? Well, it turns out that humans may be able to hibernate like bears and other animals after all—and it could be good for us.
When hibernating, animals go into a hole, or other warm positions and turn down some of the roles in their body. This helps them save energy when it’s cold and there isn’t much food to be found. When an animal is hibernating, its breathing slows and its body temperature drops. Grizzly and black bears don’t eat, drink, or go to the bathroom when they’re hibernating, while animals like bats and hedgehogs（刺猬）sometimes wake up to find food or move to another place. Although humans don’t hibernate, scientists think we might have the ability to hibernate.
Sandy Martin from the University of Colorado said the common ancestor of all mammals, including humans, was probably a hibernator. This means our bodies could still have the tools to allow us to hibernate. One of those tools could be a natural chemical in our bodies called adenosine, which sends messages to the brain to make mammals feel sleepy. Domenico Tupone from Oregon Health & Science University discovered that after scientists increased adenosine in rats’ brains, their body temperature fell—just like that it falls in a hibernating animal. As Tupone pointed out, “Rats are similar to humans in terms of the internal circuit of the brain. What we guess is that the circuit is also there in humans, but we have lost the ability to start it.”
Researchers are trying to find out how to use the power of hibernation to help humans. It’s possible that hibernation could protect people from conditions such as heart disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and strokes. Doctors already carefully lower people’s body temperature to treat heart attacks. When a type of squirrel（松鼠）hibernates, its brain is cleared of the same harmful chemicals that cause Alzheimer’s disease in humans.
Hibernation could also help us live longer. A study of bats has shown that when they hibernate, they age more slowly. Hibernation might even help astronauts travel further into space because they wouldn’t need so much food on very long journeys.
(
A
)1. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?A. What is hibernation.
B. How long hibernation is.
C. Why animals hibernate.
D. Where hibernation happens.
(
B
)2. 新考法·组合选择 What are scientists’ ideas of hibernation?① The human ancestor might be a hibernator.
② Our bodies could still have tools to allow us to hibernate.
③ Humans still have the ability to start the circuit of the brain.
④ Adenosine sends messages to the brain to make mammals feel sleepy.
A. ②③④
B. ①②④
C. ①②③
D. ①③④
(
C
)3. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refers to “”.A. adenosine
B. an animal
C. body temperature
D. hibernation
(
D
)4. Which paragraphs show the good of hibernation?A. Paragraphs 1 and 2.
B. Paragraphs 2 and 3.
C. Paragraphs 3 and 4.
D. Paragraphs 4 and 5.
答案
阅读理解C
本文介绍了冬眠的含义、冬眠之于动物的重要性以及冬眠的好处。研究人员正试图弄明白如何利用冬眠的力量来帮助人类。
1. A 段落大意题。通读第二段可知，本段主要讲了冬眠是什么。
2. B 组合选择题。由第三段中“... said the common ancestor of all mammals, including humans, was probably a hibernator ... our bodies could still have the tools to allow us to hibernate ... a natural chemical in our bodies called adenosine, which sends messages to the brain to make mammals feel sleepy.”可知，①②④符合文意。
3. C 代词指代题。由上文中 their body temperature fell 可知，it 指代 body temperature。
4. D 段落大意题。第四段谈及冬眠可以保护人们免受一些疾病的困扰，第五段谈及冬眠也可以帮助我们活得更久。由此可知，第四、五段谈及冬眠的好处。
本文介绍了冬眠的含义、冬眠之于动物的重要性以及冬眠的好处。研究人员正试图弄明白如何利用冬眠的力量来帮助人类。
1. A 段落大意题。通读第二段可知，本段主要讲了冬眠是什么。
2. B 组合选择题。由第三段中“... said the common ancestor of all mammals, including humans, was probably a hibernator ... our bodies could still have the tools to allow us to hibernate ... a natural chemical in our bodies called adenosine, which sends messages to the brain to make mammals feel sleepy.”可知，①②④符合文意。
3. C 代词指代题。由上文中 their body temperature fell 可知，it 指代 body temperature。
4. D 段落大意题。第四段谈及冬眠可以保护人们免受一些疾病的困扰，第五段谈及冬眠也可以帮助我们活得更久。由此可知，第四、五段谈及冬眠的好处。
解析
【分析】
先明确每道题的考查类型，再结合原文定位关键信息解题：
1. 第1题是段落大意题，需通读第二段梳理内容核心；
2. 第2题是组合选择题，需回第三段逐一核对科学家观点，排除错误表述；
3. 第3题是代词指代题，需联系代词所在句的前文内容找到指代对象；
4. 第4题是段落信息筛选题，需明确各段落主旨，找出阐述冬眠好处的段落。
【解析】
1. 通读第二段可知，本段介绍了动物冬眠时的行为、身体变化及不同动物冬眠的差异，核心是解释“什么是冬眠”，对应选项A。
2. 回第三段定位：①人类共同祖先可能是冬眠动物（符合文意）；②人类身体仍有冬眠的工具（符合文意）；③原文提到“we have lost the ability to start it”，即人类已失去启动大脑回路的能力，③错误；④腺苷让哺乳动物犯困（符合文意），故①②④正确，选B。
3. 代词所在句为“their body temperature fell—just like that it falls”，前文提到“body temperature fell”，故it指代body temperature，选C。
4. 第四段讲冬眠可保护人类免受疾病，第五段讲冬眠可帮助人类长寿，均为冬眠的好处，对应第四、五段，选D。
【答案】
1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D
【知识点】
英语阅读理解（段落大意题）、英语阅读理解（代词指代题）、英语阅读理解（细节理解题）
【点评】
本文是一篇关于人类冬眠可能性的说明文，题目类型覆盖段落大意、细节判断、代词指代等，考查学生快速定位原文信息、筛选关键内容的能力，需准确区分原文观点与错误表述，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.4
先明确每道题的考查类型，再结合原文定位关键信息解题：
1. 第1题是段落大意题，需通读第二段梳理内容核心；
2. 第2题是组合选择题，需回第三段逐一核对科学家观点，排除错误表述；
3. 第3题是代词指代题，需联系代词所在句的前文内容找到指代对象；
4. 第4题是段落信息筛选题，需明确各段落主旨，找出阐述冬眠好处的段落。
【解析】
1. 通读第二段可知，本段介绍了动物冬眠时的行为、身体变化及不同动物冬眠的差异，核心是解释“什么是冬眠”，对应选项A。
2. 回第三段定位：①人类共同祖先可能是冬眠动物（符合文意）；②人类身体仍有冬眠的工具（符合文意）；③原文提到“we have lost the ability to start it”，即人类已失去启动大脑回路的能力，③错误；④腺苷让哺乳动物犯困（符合文意），故①②④正确，选B。
3. 代词所在句为“their body temperature fell—just like that it falls”，前文提到“body temperature fell”，故it指代body temperature，选C。
4. 第四段讲冬眠可保护人类免受疾病，第五段讲冬眠可帮助人类长寿，均为冬眠的好处，对应第四、五段，选D。
【答案】
1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D
【知识点】
英语阅读理解（段落大意题）、英语阅读理解（代词指代题）、英语阅读理解（细节理解题）
【点评】
本文是一篇关于人类冬眠可能性的说明文，题目类型覆盖段落大意、细节判断、代词指代等，考查学生快速定位原文信息、筛选关键内容的能力，需准确区分原文观点与错误表述，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.4
