1(2025·吉林丰满区三模)下列方程中,有两个相等实数根的是(
A.$(x-3)^2=-1$
B.$(x+3)^2=0$
C.$(x-2)^2=1$
D.$(x+2)^2=2$
B
)。A.$(x-3)^2=-1$
B.$(x+3)^2=0$
C.$(x-2)^2=1$
D.$(x+2)^2=2$
答案
1.B
2 解方程:
(1) $(2x+3)^2=16$;
(2) $4(3x+1)^2 -25(2x-1)^2=0$。
(1) $(2x+3)^2=16$;
(2) $4(3x+1)^2 -25(2x-1)^2=0$。
答案
(1)$\because(2x+3)^2=16,\therefore 2x+3=\pm4,$
$\therefore x_1=\frac{1}{2},x_2=-\frac{7}{2}.$
(2)$\because 4(3x+1)^2 -25(2x-1)^2=0,$
$\therefore 4(3x+1)^2=25(2x-1)^2,$
$\therefore 2(3x+1)=5(2x-1)或2(3x+1)=-5(2x-1),$
$\therefore x_1=\frac{7}{4},x_2=\frac{3}{16}.$
$\therefore x_1=\frac{1}{2},x_2=-\frac{7}{2}.$
(2)$\because 4(3x+1)^2 -25(2x-1)^2=0,$
$\therefore 4(3x+1)^2=25(2x-1)^2,$
$\therefore 2(3x+1)=5(2x-1)或2(3x+1)=-5(2x-1),$
$\therefore x_1=\frac{7}{4},x_2=\frac{3}{16}.$
3 (2025·北京期中)用配方法解方程$x^2 - 2x -5=0$时,原方程应变形为(
A.$(x-1)^2=6$
B.$(x+2)^2=9$
C.$(x+1)^2=6$
D.$(x-2)^2=9$
A
).A.$(x-1)^2=6$
B.$(x+2)^2=9$
C.$(x+1)^2=6$
D.$(x-2)^2=9$
答案
3.A
4(2026·上海虹口区期末)用配方法解一元二次方程$x^2 - 8x - 4 = 0$时,可将原方程配方成$(x - n)^2 = m$,则$m + n$的值是
24
。答案
4.24
5 解方程:
(1)$x^2 - 2x - 3 = 0$;
(2)$2x^2 + 4x - 7 = 0$。
(1)$x^2 - 2x - 3 = 0$;
(2)$2x^2 + 4x - 7 = 0$。
答案
(1)$\because x^2 - 2x - 3 = 0,\therefore x^2 - 2x = 3,$
$\therefore x^2 - 2x + 1 = 3 + 1,$
$\therefore (x-1)^2=4,\therefore x-1=2或x-1=-2,$
$\therefore x_1=3,x_2=-1.$
(2)$\because 2x^2 + 4x = 7,\therefore x^2 + 2x = \frac{7}{2},$
$\therefore x^2 + 2x + 1 = \frac{7}{2} + 1,\therefore (x+1)^2=\frac{9}{2},$
$\therefore x+1=\pm\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{2},\therefore x_1=\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}-1,x_2=-\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}-1.$
$\therefore x^2 - 2x + 1 = 3 + 1,$
$\therefore (x-1)^2=4,\therefore x-1=2或x-1=-2,$
$\therefore x_1=3,x_2=-1.$
(2)$\because 2x^2 + 4x = 7,\therefore x^2 + 2x = \frac{7}{2},$
$\therefore x^2 + 2x + 1 = \frac{7}{2} + 1,\therefore (x+1)^2=\frac{9}{2},$
$\therefore x+1=\pm\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{2},\therefore x_1=\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}-1,x_2=-\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}-1.$
6 解方程:
(1)$x^2 - 4x + 4 = 0$;
(2)$3x^2 - 2x - 3 = 0$;
(3)$2x^2 - 2\sqrt{2}x = 1$。
(1)$x^2 - 4x + 4 = 0$;
(2)$3x^2 - 2x - 3 = 0$;
(3)$2x^2 - 2\sqrt{2}x = 1$。
答案
(1)$\because b^2-4ac=16-4×1×4=0,$
$\therefore x=\frac{4\pm\sqrt{0}}{2×1}=2,\therefore x_1=x_2=2.$
(2)$\because b^2-4ac=4-4×3×(-3)=40>0,$
$\therefore x=\frac{2\pm\sqrt{40}}{2×3}=\frac{1\pm\sqrt{10}}{3},\therefore x_1=\frac{1+\sqrt{10}}{3},x_2=\frac{1-\sqrt{10}}{3}.$
(3)$2x^2 - 2\sqrt{2}x = 1$,整理,得$2x^2 - 2\sqrt{2}x - 1 = 0.$
$\because b^2-4ac=8-4×2×(-1)=16>0,$
$\therefore x=\frac{2\sqrt{2}\pm\sqrt{16}}{2×2}=\frac{\sqrt{2}\pm2}{2},\therefore x_1=\frac{\sqrt{2}+2}{2},x_2=\frac{\sqrt{2}-2}{2}.$
$\therefore x=\frac{4\pm\sqrt{0}}{2×1}=2,\therefore x_1=x_2=2.$
(2)$\because b^2-4ac=4-4×3×(-3)=40>0,$
$\therefore x=\frac{2\pm\sqrt{40}}{2×3}=\frac{1\pm\sqrt{10}}{3},\therefore x_1=\frac{1+\sqrt{10}}{3},x_2=\frac{1-\sqrt{10}}{3}.$
(3)$2x^2 - 2\sqrt{2}x = 1$,整理,得$2x^2 - 2\sqrt{2}x - 1 = 0.$
$\because b^2-4ac=8-4×2×(-1)=16>0,$
$\therefore x=\frac{2\sqrt{2}\pm\sqrt{16}}{2×2}=\frac{\sqrt{2}\pm2}{2},\therefore x_1=\frac{\sqrt{2}+2}{2},x_2=\frac{\sqrt{2}-2}{2}.$
7 已知代数式 $3 - x$ 与 $-x^2 + 3x$ 的值互为相反数,则 $x$ 的值是(
A.$-1$ 或 3
B.1 或 $-3$
C.1 或 3
D.$-1$ 和 $-3$
A
).A.$-1$ 或 3
B.1 或 $-3$
C.1 或 3
D.$-1$ 和 $-3$
答案
7.A
8 解方程:
(1)$x+3=x(x+3);$
(2)$(2x+1)^2-(x-2)^2=0.$
(1)$x+3=x(x+3);$
(2)$(2x+1)^2-(x-2)^2=0.$
答案
(1)$x+3=x(x+3)$,整理,得$(x+3)(1-x)=0,$
$\therefore x_1=-3,x_2=1.$
(2)$(2x+1)^2-(x-2)^2=0$,原方程可化为$[(2x+1)-(x-2)][(2x+1)+(x-2)]=0,$
即$(x+3)(3x-1)=0,\therefore x_1=-3,x_2=\frac{1}{3}.$
$\therefore x_1=-3,x_2=1.$
(2)$(2x+1)^2-(x-2)^2=0$,原方程可化为$[(2x+1)-(x-2)][(2x+1)+(x-2)]=0,$
即$(x+3)(3x-1)=0,\therefore x_1=-3,x_2=\frac{1}{3}.$
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