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六、核心素养 学习能力 阅读理解。
主题群:生活与学习 子主题:学习方法 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★★
A tree has roots(根). People have roots too. If you get to the root of a problem, you will solve it. It's the same thing with words. Dig deep into a big, unfamiliar word and you will understand where it came from.
As readers, especially those reading in a second language, we need to deal with the text as if we were detectives(侦探). The first thing to do when meeting a new and difficult word is to judge(判断) the situation, to look at everything that is known and see if it helps us to understand what it means.
As you know, prefixes or suffixes can be added to the beginning or end of words to change the meaning. Know them and you will have the word-building power. But root words are the key. Take the time to learn a few of these and then put them in your memory.
Let's look at one common root word used in English. "Alter" from the Latin word means "other". When you meet this root word, you know that the bigger word has something to do with "other". Examine the word "alternate". Can you find the Latin root in it?
Learn as many root words as you can in the language you are studying. Then use your "rooting for words" skills. Like any new skill, practice and hard work make a big difference.
1. What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. The situation.
B. A second language.
C. Everything that is known.
D. A new and difficult word.
2.（创新考法·行文方式）How does the author explain his ideas about root words?
A. By telling an interesting story.
B. By listing some numbers.
C. By giving the readers an example.
D. By asking and answering a question.
3. What is the best title for the passage?
A. The Power of Root Words
B. The Art of Detective Reading
C. The Exploration of the Latin Roots
D. Deep Research into the Word "Alter"
主题群:生活与学习 子主题:学习方法 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★★
A tree has roots(根). People have roots too. If you get to the root of a problem, you will solve it. It's the same thing with words. Dig deep into a big, unfamiliar word and you will understand where it came from.
As readers, especially those reading in a second language, we need to deal with the text as if we were detectives(侦探). The first thing to do when meeting a new and difficult word is to judge(判断) the situation, to look at everything that is known and see if it helps us to understand what it means.
As you know, prefixes or suffixes can be added to the beginning or end of words to change the meaning. Know them and you will have the word-building power. But root words are the key. Take the time to learn a few of these and then put them in your memory.
Let's look at one common root word used in English. "Alter" from the Latin word means "other". When you meet this root word, you know that the bigger word has something to do with "other". Examine the word "alternate". Can you find the Latin root in it?
Learn as many root words as you can in the language you are studying. Then use your "rooting for words" skills. Like any new skill, practice and hard work make a big difference.
1. What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. The situation.
B. A second language.
C. Everything that is known.
D. A new and difficult word.
2.（创新考法·行文方式）How does the author explain his ideas about root words?
A. By telling an interesting story.
B. By listing some numbers.
C. By giving the readers an example.
D. By asking and answering a question.
3. What is the best title for the passage?
A. The Power of Root Words
B. The Art of Detective Reading
C. The Exploration of the Latin Roots
D. Deep Research into the Word "Alter"
答案
1. D 代词指代题。根据 The first thing to do when meeting a new and difficult word is to judge the situation 可知，遇到新的、难的单词时，要做的第一件事是判断情况，故此处it指代“一个新的、难的单词”。
2. C 行文方式题。根据第四段内容可知，作者通过举例来解释他对词根的看法。
3. A 标题归纳题。本文介绍词根对学习语言的重要性。
2. C 行文方式题。根据第四段内容可知，作者通过举例来解释他对词根的看法。
3. A 标题归纳题。本文介绍词根对学习语言的重要性。
解析
【分析】
第1题是代词指代题，解题思路：代词指代的内容通常在其前文，需定位到代词所在句子的上下文，找到对应的核心名词。第2题是行文方式题，需分析作者阐述观点时采用的具体手法，判断是否有举例等论证方式。第3题是标题归纳题，要梳理全文主旨，找到最能概括文章核心内容的选项。
【解析】
1. 定位到第二段，句子“to look at everything that is known and see if it helps us to understand what it means”中，前文提到“meeting a new and difficult word”，因此it指代“一个新的、难的单词”，对应选项D。
2. 作者在第四段举了“alternate”这个词根的例子，说明词根的用法，以此阐述关于词根的观点，属于举例的行文方式，对应选项C。
3. 全文围绕词根的重要性展开，介绍词根对理解单词的作用，核心是说明词根的力量，对应选项A。
【答案】
1.D 2.C 3.A
【知识点】
代词指代、阅读理解、主旨大意
【点评】
本题考查英语阅读理解的三类题型，需学生结合上下文分析代词指代，判断作者行文手法，归纳文章主旨，难度适中，符合中等难度题目的考查要求。
【难度系数】
0.6
第1题是代词指代题，解题思路：代词指代的内容通常在其前文，需定位到代词所在句子的上下文，找到对应的核心名词。第2题是行文方式题，需分析作者阐述观点时采用的具体手法，判断是否有举例等论证方式。第3题是标题归纳题，要梳理全文主旨，找到最能概括文章核心内容的选项。
【解析】
1. 定位到第二段，句子“to look at everything that is known and see if it helps us to understand what it means”中，前文提到“meeting a new and difficult word”，因此it指代“一个新的、难的单词”，对应选项D。
2. 作者在第四段举了“alternate”这个词根的例子，说明词根的用法，以此阐述关于词根的观点，属于举例的行文方式，对应选项C。
3. 全文围绕词根的重要性展开，介绍词根对理解单词的作用，核心是说明词根的力量，对应选项A。
【答案】
1.D 2.C 3.A
【知识点】
代词指代、阅读理解、主旨大意
【点评】
本题考查英语阅读理解的三类题型，需学生结合上下文分析代词指代，判断作者行文手法，归纳文章主旨，难度适中，符合中等难度题目的考查要求。
【难度系数】
0.6
