Ⅳ. 根据汉语意思完成句子.每空一词
1. 中国人过去测量重量的方法不同。在那时,一斤由十六两组成,所以一斤的一半就是八两。
Chinese people differently in the past. , one jin was made up of sixteen liang, so half of one jin was eight liang.
2. 海洋是数百万海洋动物的家园,从小鱼到巨大的鲸鱼,并保持着大自然的平衡。
The ocean is home to sea animals, from tiny fish to huge whales, and keeps the natural world .
3. 由于今天早晨的大雾,共有九个航班被取消。
nine flights were cancelled because of the heavy fog this morning.
4. 巨石阵是在很长的一段时间里被慢慢建造起来的。
Stonehenge was built slowly .
5. 小时候父母不允许他熬夜到很晚。
He by his parents when he was a child.
6. 景观的外观随季节而变化,从夏季郁郁葱葱的绿色到秋季的金棕色。
The appearance of the landscape , from lush green in summer to golden brown in autumn.

1. measured weight; At that time 2. millions of; in balance 3. A total of 4. over a long period of time
5. wasn't allowed to stay up late 6. changes by season

【分析】本题考查根据汉语意思完成句子，需结合时态、固定短语、被动语态等知识点逐句匹配英语表达：1. 由时间状语in the past确定时态，匹配“测量重量”的过去式短语和“在那时”的固定搭配；2. 匹配修饰可数名词复数的“数百万”短语和“保持平衡”的固定搭配；3. 对应“共有”的固定短语；4. 匹配“在很长一段时间里”的固定介词短语；5. 主语是动作承受者，用一般过去时被动语态，匹配“不允许熬夜”的被动结构；6. 主语为单数，匹配“随季节变化”的一般现在时短语。
【解析】1. 第一空“测量重量”是measure weight，in the past提示用一般过去时，故填measured weight；第二空“在那时”为固定短语At that time，故填At that time。2. 第一空“数百万”修饰可数名词复数sea animals，用millions of；第二空“保持大自然的平衡”是固定搭配keep...in balance，故填in balance。3. “共有”对应固定短语A total of，符合句意。4. “在很长的一段时间里”是固定短语over a long period of time，符合语境。5. 主语he是allow的承受者，用一般过去时被动语态，否定式为wasn't allowed，“熬夜”是stay up late，故填wasn't allowed to stay up late。6. 主语The appearance为单数，一般现在时谓语用第三人称单数，“随季节变化”是changes by season，符合句意。
【答案】1. measured weight; At that time 2. millions of; in balance 3. A total of 4. over a long period of time 5. wasn't allowed to stay up late 6. changes by season
【知识点】固定短语搭配、一般过去时、被动语态
【点评】本题为初中英语基础填空题，考查核心基础短语、时态及被动语态的运用，是日常学习的重点内容，需学生熟练掌握常见搭配和语法规则。
【难度系数】0.7

Ⅴ. 完形填空
In China, the Yellow Emperor is a name that everybody knows. He is remembered as a wise 1 in ancient China. His wife, Leizu, was also smart. At that time, people's clothes were made of animal skins, which were not comfortable at all. What was worse, they were too 2. Leizu wanted to find a new 3 to make clothes.
One day, Leizu was 4 water under a mulberry tree. She 5 that little worms(虫) were eating the leaves of the tree. There were many small and white “fruits” on the tree. Suddenly, one of them fell into the hot water 6. When Leizu took the white “fruit” out, she found it was 7 made of long and thin threads(线). It seemed that the hot water made the threads fall apart. Leizu touched the soft silk threads and came up with a good idea. “8 these threads can be woven(编织), I will be able to make clothes with them. Perhaps I could 9 a machine to weave them into cloth.”
After trying many times, Leizu finally 10 in making such a machine. With it, she 11 the silk threads into a piece of cloth that was soft, light, and beautiful. People had worn animal skins for a long time, but no one had ever seen such a new thing before. They were very 12 about it. “It feels soft and is so light!” “What a wonderful 13!” “Clothes made of it must be comfortable and beautiful.” Later, Leizu taught her people 14 to make silk. Soon, they began to wear clothes made of it.
That was how the secret of silk was discovered in China. Over time, it 15 to other parts of the world and quickly won the hearts of people everywhere.
1. A. teacher B. ruler
C. artist D. scientist
2. A. wet B. hot
C. soft D. heavy
3. A. place B. style
C. secret D. material
4. A. boiling B. saving
C. wasting D. testing
5. A. mentioned B. believed
C. noticed D. explained
6. A. in public B. in fact
C. by accident D. by mistake
7. A. actually B. commonly
C. unlikely D. gradually
8. A. If B. Until
C. Unless D. Though
9. A. check B. clean
C. repair D. invent
10. A. succeeded B. cooperated
C. resulted D. shared
11. A. cut B. turned
C. entered D. divided
12. A. angry B. worried
C. excited D. nervous
13. A. solution B. creation
C. tradition D. collection
14. A. where B. when
C. why D. how
15. A. connected B. returned
C. spread D. compared

1.B 2.D 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.C 7.A 8.A 9.D 10.A 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.D 15.C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了黄帝之妻嫘祖偶然发现蚕丝,受启发发明织布机,将蚕丝织成轻柔美丽的布料,并教会人们制丝方法,丝绸因此传遍世界。
1. B 解析:根据上文“the Yellow Emperor is a name that everybody knows”并结合常识可知黄帝是中国古代的一位统治者。故选 B。
2. D 解析:根据下文“she 11 the silk threads into a piece of cloth that was soft, light, and beautiful”可知兽皮制成的衣服相比轻便的丝绸,会让人感到沉重。故选 D。
技法点拨 此处所填词和下文“light”是反义词,可通过“反义词复现”来解题。
3. D 解析:根据上文“people's clothes were made of animal skins”可知嫘祖想要代替兽皮,寻找新的制衣材料。故选 D。
4. A 根据下文“one of them fell into the hot water”可知白色蚕茧掉进热水,由此可知嫘祖在烧水。故选 A。
5. C 解析:根据空后“little worms were eating the leaves of the tree”可知嫘祖注意到小虫子正在吃树叶,为下文发现蚕丝作铺垫。故选 C。
6. C 解析:in public 公开地;in fact 事实上;by accident 意外地;by mistake 错误地。根据空前“Suddenly, one of them fell into the hot water”可知白色蚕茧掉进热水是意外发生的。故选 C。
7. A 解析:根据下文“made of long and thin threads. It seemed that the hot water made the threads fall apart”可知白色蚕茧实际上是细长的线。故选 A。
8. A 解析:根据空后“these threads can be woven, I will be able to make clothes with them”可知如果这些线能被编织,就能用它们做衣服。故选 A。
9. D 解析:根据空后“a machine to weave them into cloth”和下文“Leizu finally 10 in making such a machine”可知嫘祖发明了织布机。故选 D。
10. A 解析:根据下文“With it, she 11 the silk threads into a piece of cloth that was soft, light, and beautiful.”可知嫘祖成功造出织布机。故选 A。
11. B 解析:根据空后“the silk threads into a piece of cloth that was soft, light, and beautiful”可知嫘祖将蚕丝变成一块柔软、轻便又美丽的布料;turn ... into ... 表示“把……变成……”。故选 B。
12. C 解析:根据下文“It feels soft and is so light!”和“Clothes made of it must be comfortable and beautiful.”可知人们对此表示赞叹,感到非常兴奋。故选 C。
13. B 解析:根据上文“With it, she 11 the silk threads into a piece of cloth that was soft, light, and beautiful.”可知人们赞美丝绸衣服是杰作。故选 B。
14. D 解析:根据空后“to make silk”可知嫘祖教会人们如何制作丝绸。故选 D。
15. C 解析:根据空后“to other parts of the world and quickly won the hearts of people everywhere”可知丝绸从中国传播到世界各地。故选 C。

【分析】
做这篇完形填空时，首先通读全文把握主旨：文章讲述了黄帝之妻嫘祖偶然发现蚕丝，受启发发明织布机，将蚕丝制成布料并教会人们制丝方法，最终丝绸传遍世界的故事。解题时需结合上下文语境、词汇辨析、固定搭配及常识逐一分析每个空：如第1题依据常识判断黄帝的身份；第2题通过下文“light”反推兽皮衣服的特点；第4题根据后文“hot water”确定动作；第6题由“suddenly”判断是意外情况，以此类推，逐步选出正确选项。
【解析】
1. B 解析：根据常识，黄帝是中国古代的统治者，故选B。
2. D 解析：由下文“soft, light, and beautiful”可知兽皮制成的衣服较重，与“light”是反义词，故选D。
3. D 解析：嫘祖想寻找新的制衣材料代替兽皮，故选D。
4. A 解析：根据后文“hot water”可知嫘祖正在烧水，故选A。
5. C 解析：嫘祖注意到小虫子吃树叶，为后续发现蚕丝做铺垫，故选C。
6. C 解析：蚕茧掉进热水是意外发生的，by accident（意外地）符合语境，故选C。
7. A 解析：白色“果实”实际上是由细长的线构成的，actually（实际上）符合，故选A。
8. A 解析：此处是条件状语从句，用if引导表示“如果”，故选A。
9. D 解析：嫘祖想要发明织布机，invent（发明）符合语境，故选D。
10. A 解析：succeed in是固定搭配，意为“成功做某事”，此处指嫘祖成功造出织布机，故选A。
11. B 解析：turn...into...是固定搭配，意为“把……变成……”，此处指将蚕丝变成布料，故选B。
12. C 解析：人们看到柔软轻便的新布料感到非常兴奋，excited符合语境，故选C。
13. B 解析：丝绸是伟大的创造，creation（创造）符合，故选B。
14. D 解析：嫘祖教会人们如何制作丝绸，how符合语境，故选D。
15. C 解析：丝绸传播到世界各地，spread（传播）符合，故选C。
【答案】
1.B 2.D 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.C 7.A 8.A 9.D 10.A 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.D 15.C
【知识点】
上下文语境理解、词汇辨析、固定搭配
【点评】
本文是一篇介绍嫘祖发现丝绸的记叙文，内容结合中国传统文化，考察学生对词汇的掌握及语篇逻辑的理解，是典型的初中完形填空题目，有助于学生了解历史文化知识。
【难度系数】
0.6