二、阅读理解(真题·湖州吴兴、长兴、安吉)
阅读下面材料,然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案,并回答问题。
How can we stay healthy? First, we should not eat unhealthy food. Eating too much fatty food is bad for our health. If we eat too many snacks like sweets, ice cream and chocolate, we will get fat easily. Being overweight may lead to diseases(疾病) such as heart disease.
We should drink enough water to stay healthy. Water helps carry away waste from our blood. We need to drink eight glasses of water every day.
It is necessary to do exercise too. Exercise like swimming, running, skipping and roller skating can be beneficial and make us become stronger and healthier. When exercising, we breathe(呼吸) harder and so our hearts become stronger too.
Besides, we should not stay up too late. If we do not have enough sleep at night, our body will not be able to rest. This will cause many health problems.
Finally, we should protect our eyes. If we stay too long in front of a computer without taking a rest, our eyes will get very tired and dry easily. We will have eye problems easily.
()11. What does the underlined word "beneficial" probably mean?
A. Popular. B. Difficult. C. Exciting. D. Helpful.
()12. What is the best title for the article?
A. Different Health Problems B. How Our Body Works
C. Ways of Staying Healthy D. What Happens to Our Hearts
请用完整的句子回答以下问题。
13. Why shouldn't we eat too many snacks like sweets and ice cream?(不多于20个单词)

14. How does water keep us healthy?(不多于20个单词)

11－12. DC
13. Because eating too much fatty food is bad for our health. /If we eat too many snacks, we will get fat easily. Being overweight may lead to diseases.（答案不唯一，合理即可）
14. Water helps carry away waste from our blood.（答案不唯一，合理即可）

【分析】
1. 第11题是词义猜测题，需结合运动对健康的作用推断划线词含义；第12题是主旨大意题，需梳理全文核心内容确定标题；第13、14题是细节理解题，需定位原文对应段落提取关键信息，注意回答的句子完整性和字数限制。
【解析】
1. 第11题：根据第三段“Exercise...can be beneficial and make us become stronger and healthier”可知，运动对健康有益，beneficial意为“有益的”，对应选项D（Helpful），A（受欢迎的）、B（困难的）、C（令人兴奋的）不符合语境，故选D。
2. 第12题：全文从饮食、饮水、运动、睡眠、护眼五方面介绍保持健康的方法，A（健康问题）、B（身体运作）、D（心脏变化）偏离主旨，C（保持健康的方法）符合，故选C。
3. 第13题：定位第一段，提取关键信息组织成符合字数的句子：Because eating too many snacks will make us fat and may cause diseases.
4. 第14题：定位第二段，直接提取原文关键句：Water helps carry away waste from our blood.
【答案】
11. D；12. C；13. Because eating too much fatty food is bad for our health. /If we eat too many snacks, we will get fat easily. Being overweight may lead to diseases.（答案不唯一，合理即可）；14. Water helps carry away waste from our blood.
【知识点】
词义猜测题、主旨大意题、细节理解题
【点评】
本题为英语阅读理解基础题型，考查词义推断、主旨把握和细节查找，需学生精准定位原文信息，整体难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.8

三、词汇运用
A. 用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空，每词仅用一次。
weight something serve cause poor
15. He ate a lot of sweets and ice cream and this his tooth problems.
16. John ate too much fast food and he put on last year.
17. That old man was so angry that he couldn't say .
18. Sally a delicious meal for us last night.
19. The parents were too to buy the shoes for their children.
B. 根据音标写单词。
20. Watching English movies is a good way to (/ɪmˈpruːv/) your English.
21. —Would you like something to drink?
—No, thanks. I'm not (/ˈθɜːsti/).
22. This (/ˈweɪtrəs/) served us with a smile just now. She is very friendly.
23. He worked hard and the (/rɪˈzʌlt/) of the exam made his father very happy.
24. The teacher was sitting (/əˈmʌŋ/) the students, discussing the problem.
C. 根据短文内容和所给中文提示在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。
Healthy eating is important for a healthy body and mind. Both what we eat and how we eat are important!
Some people have fast food every week, but it often has lots of 25 (盐) and fat. That makes us put on
26 (重量). Eating fast food too often may cause heart problems later. If you cook your own meals
27 (代替), you can make healthy and 28 (平衡的) meals.
Eating three meals a day is important. But some people don't have breakfast. 29 (可能) they don't
feel hungry in the morning, or they are too busy to eat anything. But food gives us 30 (能量). It is hard
to 31 (聚焦) on our studies if we don't eat breakfast.
Some people also eat too many sweet things. Ice cream, sweets, and chocolate are delicious, but they
usually have lots of 32 (糖). This can cause tooth problems. So why don't you have some fruit instead
of 33 (点心)? After all, an apple a day keeps the doctor away.
Healthy eating means eating healthy food and having good eating 34 (习惯).

15. caused 16. weight 17. anything
18. served 19. poor 20. improve 21. thirsty
22. waitress 23. result 24. among 25. salt
26. weight 27. instead 28. balanced 29. Maybe
30. energy 31. focus 32. sugar 33. snacks
34. habits

【分析】
本题分为A、B、C三部分，考查英语词汇的综合运用能力：
1. A部分：用方框所给词的适当形式填空，需先明确方框内词汇的词性与词义，再结合句子时态、固定搭配、语境判断词形（如动词时态变化、名词/形容词形式等），且每词仅用一次；
2. B部分：根据音标写单词，需掌握常见音标对应的基础词汇，结合句子语境确认单词拼写；
3. C部分：根据中文提示写单词，需结合句子结构确定单词词性，注意名词单复数、形容词形式等变化，每空限填一词。
【解析】
A部分：
15. 句中“ate”为过去式，表明时态是一般过去时，此处需用动词过去式，cause的过去式为caused，符合“吃太多糖导致牙齿问题”的语境；
16. 固定搭配“put on weight”意为“增重”，此处需用名词weight；
17. 否定句中用不定代词anything代替something，符合“老人太生气说不出话”的语境；
18. “last night”是过去时间状语，句子为一般过去时，serve的过去式为served，符合“昨晚为我们提供美食”的语境；
19. “too...to...”结构中需用形容词，poor符合“父母太穷买不起鞋”的语境；
B部分：
20. 音标/ɪmˈpruːv/对应单词improve，意为“提高”，符合“看电影提高英语”的语境；
21. 音标/ˈθɜːsti/对应单词thirsty，意为“口渴的”，符合“不想喝，不渴”的语境；
22. 音标/ˈweɪtrəs/对应单词waitress，意为“女服务员”，符合“女服务员微笑服务”的语境；
23. 音标/rɪˈzʌlt/对应单词result，意为“结果”，符合“考试结果让父亲开心”的语境；
24. 音标/əˈmʌŋ/对应单词among，意为“在……之间（三者及以上）”，符合“老师坐在学生中间”的语境；
C部分：
25. 中文“盐”对应不可数名词salt；
26. 中文“重量”对应名词weight，符合固定搭配“put on weight”；
27. 中文“代替”对应副词instead；
28. 中文“平衡的”对应形容词balanced，修饰名词meals；
29. 中文“可能”对应副词Maybe，句首首字母大写；
30. 中文“能量”对应不可数名词energy；
31. 中文“聚焦”对应动词focus，符合固定搭配“focus on”；
32. 中文“糖”对应不可数名词sugar；
33. 中文“点心”对应可数名词复数snacks，泛指各类点心；
34. 中文“习惯”对应名词habits，符合固定搭配“eating habits（饮食习惯）”，用复数形式。
【答案】
15. caused 16. weight 17. anything 18. served 19. poor 20. improve 21. thirsty 22. waitress 23. result 24. among 25. salt 26. weight 27. instead 28. balanced 29. Maybe 30. energy 31. focus 32. sugar 33. snacks 34. habits
【知识点】
动词适当形式填空、音标写单词、词汇拼写运用
【点评】
本题为初中英语基础词汇运用题，涵盖动词时态变化、固定搭配、不定代词、音标对应、中文提示写词等考点，全面考查学生对核心词汇的掌握与运用能力，题型常规，难度适中，是巩固英语基础的典型题目。
【难度系数】
0.7