Ⅰ. Complete the sentences with proper words according to the Chinese given.
1. After the volcano eruption, thick （灰烬）covered everything in the nearby town.
2. The story in our English book （与……相关）to the importance of friendship.
3. Many animals （幸存）the forest fire by hiding in caves.
4. Remember （关闭）the windows before you leave the classroom.
5. Go （笔直地）down this road, and you'll see the supermarket on your left.
6. In old movies, rich people often travelled in a fancy （四轮马车）pulled by four horses.
7. The smell of （烟）filled the air after someone started a bonfire.
8. The earthquake （摇晃）the whole building, and everyone felt scared.

1. ash
2. relates
3. survived
4. to shut
5. straight
6. coach
7. smoke
8. shook

【分析】解题时需结合句子的语法结构、时态要求、固定搭配，以及中文提示确定单词的正确形式：先判断单词的词性，再根据主语单复数、动作发生时间、固定搭配等调整单词形式，确保符合句子语境。
【解析】1. 句意：火山喷发后，厚厚的灰烬覆盖了附近城镇的一切。“灰烬”对应不可数名词ash，直接填入。
2. 句意：我们英语书里的故事与友谊的重要性相关。固定搭配relate to，主语the story为第三人称单数，一般现在时，故填relates。
3. 句意：许多动物通过躲在洞穴中在森林大火中幸存。“幸存”对应动词survive，动作发生在过去，用一般过去式survived。
4. 句意：离开教室前记得关窗户。固定搭配remember to do sth（记得要做某事），故填to shut。
5. 句意：沿着这条路笔直走，你会看到超市在左边。“笔直地”修饰动词go，用副词straight。
6. 句意：老电影里，富人常乘坐四匹马拉的豪华四轮马车旅行。“四轮马车”对应名词coach，a后用单数形式。
7. 句意：有人点燃篝火后，空气中充满了烟味。“烟”对应不可数名词smoke，直接填入。
8. 句意：地震摇晃了整栋建筑，每个人都感到害怕。“摇晃”对应动词shake，动作发生在过去，用一般过去式shook。
【答案】1. ash 2. relates 3. survived 4. to shut 5. straight 6. coach 7. smoke 8. shook
【知识点】英语单词拼写、动词时态、固定搭配
【点评】本题为基础词汇填空题，考察核心词汇运用、动词时态及固定搭配，是英语学习的基础题型，需熟练掌握课标内基础词汇及常用搭配。
【难度系数】0.7

Ⅱ. Complete the sentences with the proper form of the words given.
1. Only three houses (survive) the tornado that struck the village last month.
2. While the wind (blow) strongly, the trees (shake) violently.
3. When Henry (work) in the restaurant, a snake suddenly (appear).
4. Trees (fall) over one by one as the hurricane (sweep) across the coastal city.
5. We (talk) happily when the teacher (come) in.
6. As the doctors (check) him, the pain (get) worse.
7. A big earthquake (strike) the city and caused buildings to fall.
8. The sky (turn) dark and the air (get) cold as the tornado (form) in the distance.

1. survived
2. was blowing, were shaking
3. was working, appeared
4. fell, was sweeping
5. were talking, came
6. were checking, got
7. struck
8. was turning, was getting, was forming

【分析】
本题考查英语中一般过去时和过去进行时的用法，解题思路为：1. 先确定句子描述的是过去发生的场景；2. 区分动作类型：若动作是过去某一时刻正在进行的长动作，用过去进行时；若动作是过去突然发生、完成的短动作或状态，用一般过去时；3. 结合引导词（while/when/as）的用法（while/as常接长动作，when可接短/长动作），再根据主语单复数调整动词形式，最终确定单词的正确形式。
【解析】
1. 句意为“上个月袭击村庄的龙卷风后，只有三栋房子幸存”，描述过去完成的动作，用一般过去时，survive的过去式为survived。
2. while引导的从句强调过去某时刻风正刮得猛（长动作），用过去进行时，主语the wind为单数，故用was blowing；主句树正剧烈摇晃（长动作），主语trees为复数，故用were shaking。
3. when引导的从句中，Henry在餐馆工作是长动作，用过去进行时，主语Henry为单数，故用was working；突然出现蛇是短动作，用一般过去时，appear的过去式为appeared。
4. as引导的从句中，飓风横扫沿海城市是长动作，用过去进行时，主语the hurricane为单数，故用was sweeping；树倒下是短动作，用一般过去时，fall的过去式为fell。
5. when引导的从句中，我们正开心聊天是长动作，主语we为复数，用过去进行时were talking；老师进来是短动作，用一般过去时，come的过去式为came。
6. as引导的从句中，医生正在给他检查是长动作，主语the doctors为复数，用过去进行时were checking；疼痛加剧是短动作，用一般过去时，get的过去式为got。
7. 句意为“一场大地震袭击了这座城市并导致建筑倒塌”，描述过去发生的并列动作，用一般过去时，strike的过去式为struck。
8. as引导的从句中，龙卷风在远处形成（长动作）、天空变暗（长动作）、空气变冷（长动作），均为过去正在进行的状态变化，都用过去进行时，主语分别为the tornado（单数）、the air（单数）、the tornado（单数），故依次用was turning、was getting、was forming。
【答案】
1. survived
2. was blowing, were shaking
3. was working, appeared
4. fell, was sweeping
5. were talking, came
6. were checking, got
7. struck
8. was turning, was getting, was forming
【知识点】
一般过去时，过去进行时，动词适当形式填空
【点评】
本题为英语时态应用的基础题型，重点考查过去进行时与一般过去时在时间状语从句中的区别，要求学生能根据语境判断动作的持续性与发生时间，是初中英语时态的核心考点，需掌握引导词的用法及时态的适用场景。
【难度系数】
0.5