【写作任务】
在学校“Chinese Culture in Our Life”的英语项目化学习中，你所在的学习小组选择了“Chopsticks”作为主题开展研究，并收集了一些信息与资料（见下图）。假设你是张华，用英语写一篇短文，在班级进行汇报。

要求:(1)短文必须包含上图所有信息,可适当发挥;(2)文中不得出现真实姓名、学校等信息;(3)词数80左右;(4)短文的首尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear classmates,
I'm happy to share our research on chopsticks with you.




That's all. Thank you!

First of all, chopsticks were invented by Chinese people over 3,000 years ago. At first, they were mostly made of bamboo. During the 4th and 6th centuries, the use of chopsticks spread to Japan and Korea. As for table manners, we shouldn't hit bowls with chopsticks, and it's very impolite to stick chopsticks into the rice.

【分析】本题为英语应用文写作题，要求以“Chopsticks”为主题，结合给定图片信息完成班级汇报短文。解题思路：1. 提取图片全部关键信息：发明者（中国人）、发明时间（3000多年前）、制作材料（竹子等）、传播情况（4-6世纪传到日本、韩国）、餐桌礼仪；2. 按“发明→材料→传播→礼仪”的逻辑顺序组织语言，确保衔接自然；3. 覆盖所有给定信息，符合80词左右的要求，使用规范的英语表达。
【解析】首先承接开头介绍筷子的发明背景：“First of all, chopsticks were invented by Chinese people over 3,000 years ago.”；接着说明制作材料：“At first, they were mostly made of bamboo.”；然后讲传播情况：“During the 4th and 6th centuries, the use of chopsticks spread to Japan and Korea.”；最后补充餐桌礼仪并适当发挥：“As for table manners, we shouldn't hit bowls with chopsticks, and it's very impolite to stick chopsticks into the rice.”，完整覆盖所有信息，符合写作要求。
【答案】First of all, chopsticks were invented by Chinese people over 3,000 years ago. At first, they were mostly made of bamboo. During the 4th and 6th centuries, the use of chopsticks spread to Japan and Korea. As for table manners, we shouldn't hit bowls with chopsticks, and it's very impolite to stick chopsticks into the rice.
【知识点】英语应用文写作；信息整合；文化常识表达
【点评】本题结合中国文化主题，考查学生信息提取与英语表达能力，要求将零散的图片信息整合成连贯短文，既体现中国传统文化介绍，又锻炼英语写作逻辑性，符合项目化学习的要求。
【难度系数】0.5

【思路点拨】
第一步:定基调
1. 主题: Culture Sharing
2. 人称:第三人称
3. 时态:一般现在时、一般过去时
第二步:列提纲

---
(图1 提纲框架)
| 引入话题 | I'm happy to share our research on chopsticks with you. |
| ---- | ---- |
| 具体展开 | Be invented by ...
Be made of ...
Spread to ...
There are some table manners for using chopsticks. |
| 总结意义 | Chopsticks are not just a daily tool, but also a symbol of Chinese traditional culture. |
---
【范文展示】
Dear classmates,
I'm happy to share our research on chopsticks with you.
Chopsticks, a typical tool in Chinese daily life, were invented by Chinese people over 3,000 years ago. They are usually made of bamboo, though wood and even metal are also common materials.
During the 4th and 6th centuries, chopsticks spread to Japan and Korea, becoming popular there too. When using them, we need to follow table manners—for example, it's impolite to stick chopsticks into food.
Chopsticks are more than just tableware; they carry the long history of Chinese culture.
That's all. Thank you!
(80 words)
---
【话题好句】
1. 尝试运用句型“be invented by ...”: 请翻译句子“电话是在19世纪末由亚历山大·格拉汉姆·贝尔发明的”。
The telephone Alexander Graham Bell in the late 19th century.
2. 尝试运用句型“be made of”: 请翻译句子“这座桥是用钢建造的”。
The bridge steel.
3. 尝试运用句型“spread to”: 请翻译句子“森林大火蔓延到附近的村庄,所以人们不得不快速离开”。
The forest fire the nearby village, so people had to leave quickly.
4. 尝试运用句型“need to do”: 请翻译句子“在和朋友出去前,我需要先完成回家作业”。
I finish my homework before going out with my friends.
5. 尝试运用句型“for example”: 请翻译句子“我们能通过各种方式锻炼。例如,我们可以在课后打篮球,或在周末慢跑”。
We can get exercise in many ways. , we can play basketball after class or go jogging on weekends.

1. was invented by 2. is made of 3. spread to
4. need to 5. For example

【解析】
1. 第一句翻译：主语The telephone是动作的承受者，时间状语in the late 19th century表示过去的时间，需使用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was/were+过去分词，"由……发明"对应短语be invented by，主语为单数，故填was invented by。
2. 第二句翻译：主语The bridge是单数，"由……制成（可看出原材料）"对应固定短语be made of，描述客观事实用一般现在时，故填is made of。
3. 第三句翻译：根据后句的had to可知句子时态为一般过去时，"蔓延到"对应短语spread to，spread的过去式仍为spread，故填spread to。
4. 第四句翻译：句子描述日常行为，时态为一般现在时，主语为I，"需要做某事"对应固定结构need to do，故填need to。
5. 第五句翻译：此处用于举例，放在句首首字母大写，对应短语For example。
【答案】
1. was invented by
2. is made of
3. spread to
4. need to
5. For example
【知识点】
被动语态；固定短语搭配；一般过去时
【点评】
本题围绕文化主题相关的核心常用短语展开汉译英练习，重点考查时态、被动语态和固定搭配的掌握，难度适中，能够帮助学生积累写作常用句式，提升英语输出能力。
【难度系数】
0.7