18. 如图,将$\mathrm{Rt}△ ABC$沿$BC$方向平移得到$\mathrm{Rt}△ DEF$,若$AB=12\ \mathrm{cm}$,$BE=5\ \mathrm{cm}$,$DH=4\ \mathrm{cm}$,则图中阴影部分的面积是多少?
答案
18.解:$\because \mathrm{Rt}△ ABC$沿$BC$方向平移得到$\mathrm{Rt}△ DEF$,
$\therefore DE=AB,S_{△ ABC}=S_{△ DEF}$,
$\therefore S_{\mathrm{阴影}}=S_{\mathrm{梯形}ABEH}=\frac{1}{2}(AB+EH)· BE$.
$\because AB=12\ \mathrm{cm},BE=5\ \mathrm{cm},DH=4\ \mathrm{cm}$,
$\therefore EH=DE-DH=12-4=8(\mathrm{cm})$,
$\therefore S_{\mathrm{阴影}}=\frac{1}{2}×(12+8)×5=50(\mathrm{cm}^2)$.
答:阴影部分的面积是$50\ \mathrm{cm}^2$.
$\therefore DE=AB,S_{△ ABC}=S_{△ DEF}$,
$\therefore S_{\mathrm{阴影}}=S_{\mathrm{梯形}ABEH}=\frac{1}{2}(AB+EH)· BE$.
$\because AB=12\ \mathrm{cm},BE=5\ \mathrm{cm},DH=4\ \mathrm{cm}$,
$\therefore EH=DE-DH=12-4=8(\mathrm{cm})$,
$\therefore S_{\mathrm{阴影}}=\frac{1}{2}×(12+8)×5=50(\mathrm{cm}^2)$.
答:阴影部分的面积是$50\ \mathrm{cm}^2$.
19. 如图,将$△ ABC$沿射线$AB$的方向平移2 cm到$△ DEF$的位置.
(1)请直接写出图中所有平行的直线;
(2)写出图中与$AD$相等的线段,并直接写出其长度;
(3)若$∠ ABC=65°$,求$∠ EFC$的度数.

(1)请直接写出图中所有平行的直线;
(2)写出图中与$AD$相等的线段,并直接写出其长度;
(3)若$∠ ABC=65°$,求$∠ EFC$的度数.
答案
19.解:(1)$AE// CF,AC// DF,BC// EF$.
(2)$AD=CF=BE=2\ \mathrm{cm}$.
(3)$\because AE// CF,∠ ABC=65°$,
$\therefore ∠ BCF=∠ ABC=65°$.
$\because BC// EF$,
$\therefore ∠ EFC+∠ BCF=180°$,
$\therefore ∠ EFC=115°$.
(2)$AD=CF=BE=2\ \mathrm{cm}$.
(3)$\because AE// CF,∠ ABC=65°$,
$\therefore ∠ BCF=∠ ABC=65°$.
$\because BC// EF$,
$\therefore ∠ EFC+∠ BCF=180°$,
$\therefore ∠ EFC=115°$.
20.如图,已知$A(1,0)$,点$B$在$y$轴上,将$△ OAB$沿$x$轴负方向平移,平移后的图形为$△ DEC$,点$C$的坐标为$(a,b)$,且$(a+3)^2 + (b-2)^2 = 0$.
(1)直接写出点$C$的坐标:________;
(2)直接写出点$E$的坐标:________;
(3)若$P$是直线$CE$上一动点,设$∠ CBP = x°$, $∠ PAD = y°$, $∠ BPA = z°$,试确定$x,y,z$之间的数量关系,并证明你的结论.

(1)直接写出点$C$的坐标:________;
(2)直接写出点$E$的坐标:________;
(3)若$P$是直线$CE$上一动点,设$∠ CBP = x°$, $∠ PAD = y°$, $∠ BPA = z°$,试确定$x,y,z$之间的数量关系,并证明你的结论.
答案
20.(1)$(-3,2)$
(2)$(-2,0)$
解:(3)①如答图1
$\therefore ∠ CBP=∠ BPN$.
又$\because BC// AE$,
$\therefore PN// AE$,
$\therefore ∠ EAP=∠ APN$,
$\therefore ∠ CBP+∠ EAP=∠ BPN+∠ APN=∠ APB$,
即$z=x+y$.
②如答图2
$\therefore ∠ CBP=∠ BPN$.
又$\because BC// AE$,
$\therefore PN// AE$,
$\therefore ∠ EAP=∠ APN$,
$\therefore ∠ EAP-∠ CBP=∠ APN-∠ BPN=∠ APB$,
即$z=y-x$.
③如答图3
$\therefore ∠ CBP=∠ BPN$.
又$\because BC// AE$,
$\therefore PN// AE$,
$\therefore ∠ EAP=∠ APN$,
$\therefore ∠ CBP-∠ DAP=∠ BPN-∠ APN=∠ APB$,
即$z=x-y$.
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