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二、阅读理解
Cold air swept across the northern part of China in the first week of November, 2021. At the same time, a global(全球的) meeting on climate(气候) change was held in Scotland. There, leaders around the world tried to control global warming.
Why did we experience such a cold winter on a warming planet? The cold winter and global warming, two opposite facts, are not contradictory.
Because of the warming climate, the temperature in winter in China has risen by 0.41 ℃ every ten years since 1961. But in some places, it has also been pretty low. Global warming has changed Earth's air circulation(循环) and the weather. For example, in October, La Niña affected(影响) China. It was caused by strong winds from the Pacific Ocean. ▲
Another reason for the cold weather is the warming Arctic(北极). It is warming almost three times as fast as any other place on Earth.
Will the winter be much colder? It's reported that a cold winter is likely. Northern China will probably see more snow, and southern China will see less rain.
1. Why did the leaders from the world come to Scotland to have a meeting?
A. To discuss the reasons of cold weather.
B. To try to deal with global warming.
C. To discuss the results of cold weather.
D. To discuss the reasons for global warming.
2. Which can show the relationship between the year(x) and the degree of temperature growth(y) since 1961?
A. $y=0.41× x$
B. $y=0.41/x$
C. $y=0.41× \frac{x-1961}{10}$
D. $y=0.41× \frac{10}{x-1961}$
3. What caused La Niña according to the passage?
A. The heavy snow
B. The warm air.
C. The strong winds.
D. The cold weather.
4. Which of the following sentences can be put in the " ▲ "?
A. It brought more cold air to China.
B. It brought more warm air to China.
C. It was a kind of common weather.
D. It made the temperature rise quickly.
Cold air swept across the northern part of China in the first week of November, 2021. At the same time, a global(全球的) meeting on climate(气候) change was held in Scotland. There, leaders around the world tried to control global warming.
Why did we experience such a cold winter on a warming planet? The cold winter and global warming, two opposite facts, are not contradictory.
Because of the warming climate, the temperature in winter in China has risen by 0.41 ℃ every ten years since 1961. But in some places, it has also been pretty low. Global warming has changed Earth's air circulation(循环) and the weather. For example, in October, La Niña affected(影响) China. It was caused by strong winds from the Pacific Ocean. ▲
Another reason for the cold weather is the warming Arctic(北极). It is warming almost three times as fast as any other place on Earth.
Will the winter be much colder? It's reported that a cold winter is likely. Northern China will probably see more snow, and southern China will see less rain.
1. Why did the leaders from the world come to Scotland to have a meeting?
A. To discuss the reasons of cold weather.
B. To try to deal with global warming.
C. To discuss the results of cold weather.
D. To discuss the reasons for global warming.
2. Which can show the relationship between the year(x) and the degree of temperature growth(y) since 1961?
A. $y=0.41× x$
B. $y=0.41/x$
C. $y=0.41× \frac{x-1961}{10}$
D. $y=0.41× \frac{10}{x-1961}$
3. What caused La Niña according to the passage?
A. The heavy snow
B. The warm air.
C. The strong winds.
D. The cold weather.
4. Which of the following sentences can be put in the " ▲ "?
A. It brought more cold air to China.
B. It brought more warm air to China.
C. It was a kind of common weather.
D. It made the temperature rise quickly.
答案
1.B 2.C 3.C 4.A
解析
【分析】
1. 第1题：根据题干关键词定位原文第一段，查找全球领导人赴苏格兰参会的目的；
2. 第2题：结合原文“1961年以来每十年温度上升0.41℃”的表述，推导年份与温度增长的函数关系；
3. 第3题：定位原文关于拉尼娜成因的描述，匹配对应选项；
4. 第4题：结合上下文讨论寒冷天气的主题，分析拉尼娜对中国的影响，选择符合逻辑的句子。
【解析】
1. 第1题：原文第一段最后一句明确“leaders around the world tried to control global warming”，即会议目的是应对全球变暖，对应选项B；
2. 第2题：原文提到“since 1961，每十年温度上升0.41℃”，从1961年到年份x的时间差为(x-1961)年，包含的十年数为$\frac{x-1961}{10}$，因此温度增长$y=0.41×\frac{x-1961}{10}$，对应选项C；
3. 第3题：原文第三段最后一句指出“La Niña affected China. It was caused by strong winds from the Pacific Ocean”，即拉尼娜由强风引起，对应选项C；
4. 第4题：前文说明拉尼娜影响中国，结合文章讨论寒冷天气的主题，A选项“它给中国带来更多冷空气”符合逻辑，对应选项A。
【答案】1.B 2.C 3.C 4.A
【知识点】阅读理解（细节理解、推理判断）
【点评】本题为英语阅读理解题，围绕气候变化主题设置，主要考查学生定位细节信息、理解逻辑关系的能力，题型以细节题和逻辑推理题为主，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.7
1. 第1题：根据题干关键词定位原文第一段，查找全球领导人赴苏格兰参会的目的；
2. 第2题：结合原文“1961年以来每十年温度上升0.41℃”的表述，推导年份与温度增长的函数关系；
3. 第3题：定位原文关于拉尼娜成因的描述，匹配对应选项；
4. 第4题：结合上下文讨论寒冷天气的主题，分析拉尼娜对中国的影响，选择符合逻辑的句子。
【解析】
1. 第1题：原文第一段最后一句明确“leaders around the world tried to control global warming”，即会议目的是应对全球变暖，对应选项B；
2. 第2题：原文提到“since 1961，每十年温度上升0.41℃”，从1961年到年份x的时间差为(x-1961)年，包含的十年数为$\frac{x-1961}{10}$，因此温度增长$y=0.41×\frac{x-1961}{10}$，对应选项C；
3. 第3题：原文第三段最后一句指出“La Niña affected China. It was caused by strong winds from the Pacific Ocean”，即拉尼娜由强风引起，对应选项C；
4. 第4题：前文说明拉尼娜影响中国，结合文章讨论寒冷天气的主题，A选项“它给中国带来更多冷空气”符合逻辑，对应选项A。
【答案】1.B 2.C 3.C 4.A
【知识点】阅读理解（细节理解、推理判断）
【点评】本题为英语阅读理解题，围绕气候变化主题设置，主要考查学生定位细节信息、理解逻辑关系的能力，题型以细节题和逻辑推理题为主，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.7
三、信息还原(七选五)
How do animals live in the cold winter? They do many different and amazing things to get through winter.
Some of them “migrate(迁徙)”. This means they travel to other places where the weather is warmer or they can find food. 1. The trip can be dangerous, so some animals travel in large groups. Other kinds of birds fly alone.
Some animals keep active in winter. They must fit the changing weather. 2. To keep warm, animals may grow thicker fur in autumn.
Some animals begin to collect their winter food in autumn. When it's very cold, they stay in their homes. 3. ______ Squirrels collect seeds and nuts. They're safe and warm in their homes in winter.
4. They're in hibernation. They eat much food in autumn. In winter they eat nothing. They're very hungry when they wake up in spring. They usually look for food in March or April. 5.
Winter is cold in many countries. But animals have their ways to go through it.
A. Some other animals sleep for a long time in winter.
B. Some animals eat a little food in spring.
C. Many birds migrate in autumn.
D. They can eat the food
ey collect in autumn.
E. Many animals won't spend winter safely.
F. Many animals make changes in their bodies.
G. Bears and snakes(蛇) are such animals.
How do animals live in the cold winter? They do many different and amazing things to get through winter.
Some of them “migrate(迁徙)”. This means they travel to other places where the weather is warmer or they can find food. 1. The trip can be dangerous, so some animals travel in large groups. Other kinds of birds fly alone.
Some animals keep active in winter. They must fit the changing weather. 2. To keep warm, animals may grow thicker fur in autumn.
Some animals begin to collect their winter food in autumn. When it's very cold, they stay in their homes. 3. ______ Squirrels collect seeds and nuts. They're safe and warm in their homes in winter.
4. They're in hibernation. They eat much food in autumn. In winter they eat nothing. They're very hungry when they wake up in spring. They usually look for food in March or April. 5.
Winter is cold in many countries. But animals have their ways to go through it.
A. Some other animals sleep for a long time in winter.
B. Some animals eat a little food in spring.
C. Many birds migrate in autumn.
D. They can eat the food
ey collect in autumn.E. Many animals won't spend winter safely.
F. Many animals make changes in their bodies.
G. Bears and snakes(蛇) are such animals.
答案
1.C 2.F 3.D 4.A 5.G
解析
【分析】
本题为英语七选五信息还原题，需结合上下文语境，匹配动物过冬的不同方式（迁徙、保持活跃、储存食物、冬眠）来选择合适句子。1空前文围绕动物迁徙展开，对应选项C；2空前文讲动物适应天气，后文提长厚毛，对应选项F；3空前文说动物收集食物，对应选项D；4空后文讲冬眠，对应选项A；5空前文说春天找食物，对应选项G。
【解析】
1. 第1空：前文提到动物“迁徙”，后文说明迁徙旅程危险，选项C“Many birds migrate in autumn.”（许多鸟类在秋天迁徙）承接迁徙话题，符合语境，故选C。
2. 第2空：前文说动物要适应变化的天气，后文讲动物秋天长厚毛，选项F“Many animals make changes in their bodies.”（许多动物在身体上做出变化）引出后文的身体变化，符合逻辑，故选F。
3. 第3空：前文说动物秋天收集冬季食物，后文举例松鼠储存食物，选项D“They can eat the food they collect in autumn.”（它们可以吃秋天收集的食物）承接收集食物的内容，符合语境，故选D。
4. 第4空：后文提到动物冬眠（冬天不吃东西），选项A“Some other animals sleep for a long time in winter.”（其他一些动物在冬天长时间睡觉）对应冬眠特点，引出下文冬眠描述，故选A。
5. 第5空：前文说动物春天醒来找食物，选项G“Bears and snakes(蛇) are such animals.”（熊和蛇就是这类动物）举例说明冬眠的动物，符合语境，故选G。
【答案】
1.C 2.F 3.D 4.A 5.G
【知识点】
英语信息还原；动物生活习性
【点评】
本题考查学生对英语语篇上下文逻辑的理解，结合动物过冬的不同方式进行选择，难度适中，需关注句子间的衔接关系。
【难度系数】
0.5
本题为英语七选五信息还原题，需结合上下文语境，匹配动物过冬的不同方式（迁徙、保持活跃、储存食物、冬眠）来选择合适句子。1空前文围绕动物迁徙展开，对应选项C；2空前文讲动物适应天气，后文提长厚毛，对应选项F；3空前文说动物收集食物，对应选项D；4空后文讲冬眠，对应选项A；5空前文说春天找食物，对应选项G。
【解析】
1. 第1空：前文提到动物“迁徙”，后文说明迁徙旅程危险，选项C“Many birds migrate in autumn.”（许多鸟类在秋天迁徙）承接迁徙话题，符合语境，故选C。
2. 第2空：前文说动物要适应变化的天气，后文讲动物秋天长厚毛，选项F“Many animals make changes in their bodies.”（许多动物在身体上做出变化）引出后文的身体变化，符合逻辑，故选F。
3. 第3空：前文说动物秋天收集冬季食物，后文举例松鼠储存食物，选项D“They can eat the food they collect in autumn.”（它们可以吃秋天收集的食物）承接收集食物的内容，符合语境，故选D。
4. 第4空：后文提到动物冬眠（冬天不吃东西），选项A“Some other animals sleep for a long time in winter.”（其他一些动物在冬天长时间睡觉）对应冬眠特点，引出下文冬眠描述，故选A。
5. 第5空：前文说动物春天醒来找食物，选项G“Bears and snakes(蛇) are such animals.”（熊和蛇就是这类动物）举例说明冬眠的动物，符合语境，故选G。
【答案】
1.C 2.F 3.D 4.A 5.G
【知识点】
英语信息还原；动物生活习性
【点评】
本题考查学生对英语语篇上下文逻辑的理解，结合动物过冬的不同方式进行选择，难度适中，需关注句子间的衔接关系。
【难度系数】
0.5
