三、完形填空。(每小题2分,共30分)
A letter changed Levi Strauss's life. In 1849, gold was 1 in California. Thousands of people rushed to California in the hope of finding gold and becoming 2. The people hoping to find gold were foolish and greedy. One of those 3 headed for California was Levi Strauss. Strauss was 4. Strauss was a clever, hard-working man. He was looking for a new start in life. Up to this time, Strauss had worked for his two brothers in New York City. The brothers sold clothes, blankets and other goods. Strauss planned to set up a similar business to his 5 in California.
Over the years, Strauss's business grew. In 1872, he got a letter from one of his customers, a tailor (裁缝) in Nevada. The tailor, Jacob Davis, had a(n) 6 for making better work pants. The pockets on work pants often tore. Jacob Davis 7 metal rivets(铆钉) to the pockets. Rivets are pieces of metal 8 to join things together. The rivets worked well, and the miners liked them. Davis didn't have enough money to get a patent(专利) for his 9. He also needed help to make the pants. In his 10, Davis said that if they worked together, the two of them could make a very large amount of money.
Strauss could see that riveted work pants were a good idea. He agreed to help Davis. The two decided to make the pants. They decided to use denim cloth because it is a kind of 11 cloth that doesn't tear easily and is long-lasting. 12, the riveted denims were called "dungarees". "Dungarees" is a word from the Hindi 13 of India that means "rough cloth". 14 they were tough and durable, dungarees were worn by thousands of farmers, miners, builders, and other workers. Later, dungarees came to be called "jeans". "Jeans" is a better 15 for the pants than "dungarees".
()1. A. discovered B. created C. invented D. hidden
()2. A. wealthy B. happy C. satisfied D. energetic
()3. A. whom B. who C. which D. what
()4. A. creative B. foolish C. smart D. different
()5. A. brother B. brothers C. brothers' D. brother's
()6. A. job B. business C. idea D. opportunity
()7. A. preferred B. added C. changed D. returned
()8. A. used B. worked C. made D. sold
()9. A. discovery B. invention C. creation D. business
()10. A. diary B. letter C. book D. invitation
()11. A. heavy B. strong C. usual D. cheap
()12. A. In addition B. Instead C. At first D. However
()13. A. culture B. city C. language D. clothes
()14. A. If B. When C. Because D. Though
()15. A. meaning B. business C. call D. name

1. A 2. A 3. B
4. D 【解析】根据前面的“The people hoping to find gold were foolish and greedy.”和后句“Strauss was a clever, hard-working man.”可知，Strauss 和那些贪婪且愚蠢的淘金者不同。
5. C 6. C 7. B 8. A
9. B 【解析】根据上文可知，将铆钉用于裤子口袋以使裤子更耐穿是 Jacob Davis 的创意。invention 意为“发明；创意”，符合语境。
10. B 【解析】根据上文中“In 1872, he got a letter from one of his customers”可知，此处与之呼应，是原词复现，指“在他的信中”。
技巧点拨
完形填空中的词汇复现包含以下三种形式:1. 同词或词根复现(用同一个词描述,但词性不同);2. 同近义词或反义词复现(用近义词或反义词描述,或进行同义改写);3. 上下义复现(如 parents 是 father 的上义词,而 father/mother 是 parents 的下义词)。
11. B 12. C 13. C 14. C 15. D

【分析】
本文是一篇关于牛仔裤起源的记叙文，解题时需先通读全文把握主旨，再结合上下文语境、词汇词义辨析、语法知识（如定语从句、名词所有格）及完形填空的词汇复现技巧逐一分析选项，明确每个空的逻辑关联（如第10题的letter原词复现、第4题的对比逻辑等），从而选出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 金矿被发现，discovered表示“发现原本存在的事物”，符合语境，故选A。
2. 淘金者希望找到黄金变得富有，wealthy表示“富有的”，故选A。
3. 先行词those指代人，在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词who，故选B。
4. 由前文“那些淘金者愚蠢贪婪”及后文“Strauss聪明勤奋”可知，他与那些人不同，different符合，故选D。
5. 此处指他兄弟们的生意，用名词复数的所有格brothers'，故选C。
6. Jacob Davis有制作更好工装裤的想法，idea表示“想法”，故选C。
7. 他给口袋添加金属铆钉，added表示“添加”，故选B。
8. 铆钉是被用来连接东西的，used表示“被用来”，故选A。
9. 此处指Davis的创意，invention表示“发明、创意”，符合语境，故选B。
10. 呼应前文“got a letter”，此处指在他的信中，letter是原词复现，故选B。
11. 牛仔布是结实不易撕裂的布料，strong表示“结实的”，故选B。
12. 起初这些带铆钉的工装裤被称为“dungarees”，at first表示“起初”，故选C。
13. “dungarees”来自印度的语言，language表示“语言”，故选C。
14. 因为它们结实耐用，所以被工人穿着，because表原因，故选C。
15. “jeans”是比“dungarees”更好的名字，name表示“名字”，故选D。
【答案】
1.A 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.C 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.B 11.B 12.C 13.C 14.C 15.D
【知识点】
完形填空词汇复现技巧、名词与形容词词义辨析、定语从句运用
【点评】
本文围绕牛仔裤的起源展开，侧重考查词汇辨析、上下文逻辑及完形填空核心技巧，需要学生结合文章细节和语法知识解题，是典型的中等难度完形填空。
【难度系数】
0.5

四、阅读理解。（每小题3分，共12分）
新素材 科普知识 A new study has found that people who use facial(面部的) expressions often are more popular and better at negotiating. Negotiating means discussing something with others to reach an agreement.
At Nottingham Trent University in England, researchers studied more than 1,500 conversations between people. They set up video calls to record people’s natural reactions and expressions. They used a system called FACS to measure how expressive people’s faces were. Then, they showed the recordings to 170 people and asked them to rate(划分等级) the popularity of the people in the videos from their facial expressions.
In another part of the study, researchers recorded video conversations between 1,456 strangers and studied their expressions. On average, people made 71 facial movements per minute. After the conversations, the people who had been talking to each other had to rate how much they liked each other. The results showed that those with more expressive faces were more liked by their conversation partners.
During the conversations, the people were also given a negotiation task. The more expressive people usually got better results. The researchers believe that using facial expressions makes people look more friendly and helps them connect with others. They also think that being expressive is important for solving disagreements successfully.
Professor Bridget Waller, who worked on the study, said the research may explain why humans have developed more complex facial expressions than other animals. Waller added that facial expressions are not just to show feelings, but also a way of communicating alongside words.
()1. The researchers at Nottingham Trent University studied people’s facial expressions by .
A. asking people to fill out surveys B. watching people carefully in person
C. using a computer programme D. using a video recording system
()2. What did the results of the study show about people with more expressive faces?
A. They were usually more popular among conversation partners.
B. They were usually less liked by their conversation partners.
C. They usually got worse results during the negotiation task.
D. They were likely to talk more about the task than other people.
()3. What do facial expressions mean by Professor Bridget Waller?
A. They are the only way humans communicate.
B. They are more complex in humans than in other animals.
C. They are more important than words in communication.
D. They are used mainly to show people’s feelings.
()4. What’s the passage mainly about?
A. Facial expressions win friends. B. The power of words in negotiation.
C. Facial expressions across cultures. D. Complex facial expressions in humans.

1. D
2. A 【解析】根据第三段中“The results showed that those with more expressive faces were more liked by their conversation partners.”可知，研究结果表明，面部表情更丰富的人更受交流伙伴的欢迎。
3. B
4. A 【解析】通读全文并结合第一段中“A new study has found that people who use facial expressions often are more popular and better at negotiating.”可知，本文主要介绍面部表情丰富的人更受欢迎，也更擅长谈判，即面部表情丰富的人能赢得朋友。

【分析】
解答这类英语阅读理解题，需遵循“题干定位→原文找对应→选项匹配”的思路：1. 针对细节题，先锁定题干关键信息（如研究机构、人物观点、实验结果等），回到原文对应段落定位内容；2. 对比选项与原文表述，排除干扰项；3. 主旨题需梳理全文核心，结合首尾段等关键句确定主旨。
【解析】
1. 定位到第二段：“They set up video calls to record people’s natural reactions and expressions. They used a system called FACS to measure how expressive people’s faces were.” 可知研究人员通过视频录制系统记录并测量面部表情，故选D。
2. 定位到第三段最后一句：“The results showed that those with more expressive faces were more liked by their conversation partners.” 可知面部表情丰富的人更受交流伙伴欢迎，故选A。
3. 定位到最后一段Waller的话：“the research may explain why humans have developed more complex facial expressions than other animals” 可知人类面部表情比其他动物更复杂，故选B。
4. 通读全文，第一段点明核心观点“people who use facial expressions often are more popular and better at negotiating”，后文通过实验验证该结论，主旨为面部表情能帮助赢得朋友，故选A。
【答案】
1.D 2.A 3.B 4.A
【知识点】
英语阅读理解细节理解、英语阅读理解主旨大意
【点评】
这是一篇关于面部表情与人际交往的科普类阅读理解，题目以细节理解和主旨大意题为主，难度适中，考查学生快速定位原文信息、梳理文章主旨的能力，仔细阅读原文找准对应内容即可解答。
【难度系数】
0.7