八、任务型阅读。
主题群:自然生态
子主题:自然现象
语篇类型:说明文
词数:193
难度:★★☆
Earth's water renews itself via the water cycle for billions of years, yet most water is saltwater, making fresh water scarce.
• The Water Cycle Refreshes Water The water cycle has three continuous, simultaneous(同时发生的) parts: evaporation, condensation, and precipitation. 1. Condensation happens as vapor cools into water drops, and precipitation falls to Earth's surface.
• Earth's Usable Fresh Water Earth's fresh water exists underground, in the atmosphere, and more. 2. Most fresh water is locked in glaciers and polar ice caps, making it hard to get. Only a small part is in rivers, lakes, and streams. The cycle refreshes water to keep it usable but also causes fresh water to evaporate, making it unavailable for humans and animals.
• 3. Our use of fresh water is naturally limited. But pollution and overuse make the fresh water even worse. Polluted water is dangerous to drink. It can also damage waterways.
4. People use water for drinking, cleaning and other purposes. Sometimes people waste water or take far more than they need.
Humans, animals, and plants rely on fresh water, and the cycle constantly renews it. 5.
根据短文内容,从方框中选出适当的选项补全短文,有一项是多余的。
A. Problems of Earth's Fresh Water
B. Although Earth has a lot of water, 96% of it is saltwater.
C. Overuse also endangers water resources around the world.
D. However, we still need to remember that fresh water is limited.
E. Many countries have made laws to protect fresh water from pollution.
F. Evaporation happens when water changes into vapor and rises into the air.

1. F 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D

【分析】
这是一篇6选5的说明文补全任务型阅读，解题时可以按照以下思路推进：1. 先通读全文，明确文章核心主题是介绍水循环的过程，以及地球淡水资源的现状与现存问题；2. 逐个分析空缺位置的上下文关联：如果空缺在段中，重点匹配前后句的关键词、逻辑顺序；如果空缺是小标题，需要概括对应段落的全部核心内容；3. 初选答案后将选项代入全文通读，验证整体行文逻辑是否通顺，同时排除多余的干扰选项。
【解析】
1. 第1空：前文点明水循环的三个连续环节为蒸发、凝结、降水，后文紧接着介绍凝结的发生过程，按照三个环节的先后顺序，空缺处需要对应介绍蒸发的过程，F选项完全匹配该逻辑，因此选F。
2. 第2空：前文引出地球淡水的存在场景，后文说明绝大多数淡水被封存在冰川中难以获取，B选项“虽然地球拥有大量水资源，但其中96%都是咸水”既呼应首段“淡水稀缺”的铺垫，也自然引出后文对淡水资源占比极低的介绍，衔接流畅，因此选B。
3. 第3空：该空是本段的小标题，本段后续内容全部围绕“污染、过度使用让淡水资源情况进一步恶化”展开，核心是介绍淡水资源面临的各类问题，A选项精准概括本段主题，因此选A。
4. 第4空：后文提到人类用水时经常浪费、取水量远超实际需求，对应C选项中的核心关键词Overuse（过度使用），该选项引出后文对人类不合理用水行为的描述，逻辑连贯，因此选C。
5. 第5空：前文说明水循环会持续更新淡水资源，此处语义发生转折，D选项“但我们仍然需要牢记淡水资源是有限的”既呼应全文“淡水稀缺”的核心主旨，也完成了全文的收尾呼吁，符合行文逻辑，因此选D。
【答案】
1. F 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D
【知识点】
补全短文阅读，语篇逻辑分析
【点评】
本题围绕自然生态主题选取说明文，考点设置兼顾细节衔接、段落主题概括，难度适中，学生解题时只要抓住前后文的关键词对应关系，比如水循环三个环节的顺序提示、小标题和段落内容的匹配，就能快速排除无关选项，正确率较高。
【难度系数】
0.7