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五、任务型阅读。
主题群:自然生态 子主题:生态特征 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★
Today more than 20% of the land is desert, and this is growing. There is a picture, for example, from a cave in Algeria(阿尔及利亚). It shows cows and people. The area was very green, and plants and grass grew there. Many types of animals lived there. The picture is more than three thousand years old. Today, the cave is in a desert. Why are the deserts growing? There are three main reasons.
One reason is climate. The climate changed and rain did not come every year. The sun was very hot and all the water in the soil disappeared(消失). Another reason is animals. For hundreds of years, people who lived near deserts kept goats. Goats like eating plants. They ate the plants, and there weren't any plants to stop the wind. When the wind blew, it blew all the good soil away. Soon, there wasn't any good soil and it was very difficult for plants to grow. The third reason is people. People cut down trees, so no trees stopped the wind. Also, in some countries, people wanted to make electricity. They changed the direction of the rivers and they built dams(水坝). This changed the direction of the underground water in other countries.
In many places this is a very big problem. We have to be very careful about what we do to nature.
根据短文内容回答问题,每题答案不超过6个词。
1. How much land today is not desert?
2. When was the picture drawn?
3. What can stop the wind and keep the good soil from being blown away?
4. What do we have to be careful about?
5. What are the three main reasons for the growth of deserts?
主题群:自然生态 子主题:生态特征 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★
Today more than 20% of the land is desert, and this is growing. There is a picture, for example, from a cave in Algeria(阿尔及利亚). It shows cows and people. The area was very green, and plants and grass grew there. Many types of animals lived there. The picture is more than three thousand years old. Today, the cave is in a desert. Why are the deserts growing? There are three main reasons.
One reason is climate. The climate changed and rain did not come every year. The sun was very hot and all the water in the soil disappeared(消失). Another reason is animals. For hundreds of years, people who lived near deserts kept goats. Goats like eating plants. They ate the plants, and there weren't any plants to stop the wind. When the wind blew, it blew all the good soil away. Soon, there wasn't any good soil and it was very difficult for plants to grow. The third reason is people. People cut down trees, so no trees stopped the wind. Also, in some countries, people wanted to make electricity. They changed the direction of the rivers and they built dams(水坝). This changed the direction of the underground water in other countries.
In many places this is a very big problem. We have to be very careful about what we do to nature.
根据短文内容回答问题,每题答案不超过6个词。
1. How much land today is not desert?
Less than 80% of the land.
2. When was the picture drawn?
More than three thousand years ago.
3. What can stop the wind and keep the good soil from being blown away?
Plants.
4. What do we have to be careful about?
What we do to nature.
5. What are the three main reasons for the growth of deserts?
Climate, animals and people.
答案
1. Less than 80% of the land. 2. More than three thousand years ago. 3. Plants. 4. What we do to nature. 5. Climate, animals and people.
解析
【分析】
本题为任务型阅读，需根据问题精准定位原文对应内容，同时注意答案不超过6个词的要求。解题时先读问题，再带着问题在原文中找关键信息，最后整理符合要求的答案。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段第一句“Today more than 20% of the land is desert”，可知非沙漠土地占比不到80%，对应答案为Less than 80% of the land。
2. 定位原文第一段“The picture is more than three thousand years old”，可知画的绘制时间是三千多年前，对应答案为More than three thousand years ago。
3. 定位原文第二段“They ate the plants, and there weren't any plants to stop the wind”，可知植物能防风保土，对应答案为Plants。
4. 定位原文最后一段“We have to be very careful about what we do to nature”，可知要小心的是人类对自然的行为，对应答案为What we do to nature。
5. 定位原文第二段三个原因：One reason is climate...Another reason is animals...The third reason is people，对应答案为Climate, animals and people。
【答案】
1. Less than 80% of the land.
2. More than three thousand years ago.
3. Plants.
4. What we do to nature.
5. Climate, animals and people.
【知识点】
任务型阅读理解，细节理解
【点评】
本题考查学生快速定位原文信息的能力，需严格遵循答案字数限制，难度适中，适合中等水平学生作答。
【难度系数】
0.7
本题为任务型阅读，需根据问题精准定位原文对应内容，同时注意答案不超过6个词的要求。解题时先读问题，再带着问题在原文中找关键信息，最后整理符合要求的答案。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段第一句“Today more than 20% of the land is desert”，可知非沙漠土地占比不到80%，对应答案为Less than 80% of the land。
2. 定位原文第一段“The picture is more than three thousand years old”，可知画的绘制时间是三千多年前，对应答案为More than three thousand years ago。
3. 定位原文第二段“They ate the plants, and there weren't any plants to stop the wind”，可知植物能防风保土，对应答案为Plants。
4. 定位原文最后一段“We have to be very careful about what we do to nature”，可知要小心的是人类对自然的行为，对应答案为What we do to nature。
5. 定位原文第二段三个原因：One reason is climate...Another reason is animals...The third reason is people，对应答案为Climate, animals and people。
【答案】
1. Less than 80% of the land.
2. More than three thousand years ago.
3. Plants.
4. What we do to nature.
5. Climate, animals and people.
【知识点】
任务型阅读理解，细节理解
【点评】
本题考查学生快速定位原文信息的能力，需严格遵循答案字数限制，难度适中，适合中等水平学生作答。
【难度系数】
0.7
