2.【问题发现】
(1)如图1,△ABC是等腰直角三角形,且∠ACB = 90°,过点A作AE⊥EF于点E,过点B作BF⊥EF于点F,求证:△AEC≌△CFB.
【问题提出】
(2)如图2,在(1)的基础上,改变直线EF的位置,求EF,AE,BF之间的数量关系,并说明理由.

(1)如图1,△ABC是等腰直角三角形,且∠ACB = 90°,过点A作AE⊥EF于点E,过点B作BF⊥EF于点F,求证:△AEC≌△CFB.
【问题提出】
(2)如图2,在(1)的基础上,改变直线EF的位置,求EF,AE,BF之间的数量关系,并说明理由.
答案
(1)证明:
∵ △ABC 是等腰直角三角形,∠ACB = 90°,
∴ AC = BC,∠ECA + ∠FCB = 90°.
∵ AE⊥EF,BF⊥EF,
∴ ∠AEF = ∠BFC = 90°,
∴ ∠ECA + ∠EAC = 90°,
∴ ∠FCB = ∠EAC.
在△AEC 和△CFB 中,
∠AEC = ∠CFB,∠EAC = ∠FCB,AC = CB,
∴ △AEC≌△CFB(AAS).
(2)解:EF = BF - AE. 理由如下:
∵ ∠AEC = ∠CFB = 90°,∠ACB = 90°,
∴ ∠ACE + ∠CAE = ∠ACE + ∠BCF = 90°,
∴ ∠CAE = ∠BCF.
在△CAE 和△BCF 中,
∠AEC = ∠CFB,∠EAC = ∠FCB,AC = CB,
∴ △CAE≌△BCF(AAS),
∴ CE = BF,AE = CF,
∴ EF = CE - CF = BF - AE.
∵ △ABC 是等腰直角三角形,∠ACB = 90°,
∴ AC = BC,∠ECA + ∠FCB = 90°.
∵ AE⊥EF,BF⊥EF,
∴ ∠AEF = ∠BFC = 90°,
∴ ∠ECA + ∠EAC = 90°,
∴ ∠FCB = ∠EAC.
在△AEC 和△CFB 中,
∠AEC = ∠CFB,∠EAC = ∠FCB,AC = CB,
∴ △AEC≌△CFB(AAS).
(2)解:EF = BF - AE. 理由如下:
∵ ∠AEC = ∠CFB = 90°,∠ACB = 90°,
∴ ∠ACE + ∠CAE = ∠ACE + ∠BCF = 90°,
∴ ∠CAE = ∠BCF.
在△CAE 和△BCF 中,
∠AEC = ∠CFB,∠EAC = ∠FCB,AC = CB,
∴ △CAE≌△BCF(AAS),
∴ CE = BF,AE = CF,
∴ EF = CE - CF = BF - AE.
变式 [2025 沈阳175中教育集团期中] 如图,在△ABC中,AB = AC = 2,∠B = ∠C = 40°,点D在线段BC上运动(点D不与点B,C重合),连接AD,过点D作∠ADE = 40°,DE交AC于点E.
(1)当∠BDA = 115°时,∠EDC =
(2)当点D从点B向点C运动时,∠BDA逐渐变
(3)若DC=2,求证:△ABD≌△DCE.
(4)在点D运动的过程中,△ADE可以是等腰三角形吗?若可以,求∠BDA的度数;若不可以,请说明理由.

(1)当∠BDA = 115°时,∠EDC =
25
°,∠DEC = 115
°.(2)当点D从点B向点C运动时,∠BDA逐渐变
小
(填“大”或“小”),∠BDA的取值范围是40° < ∠BDA < 140°
.(3)若DC=2,求证:△ABD≌△DCE.
(4)在点D运动的过程中,△ADE可以是等腰三角形吗?若可以,求∠BDA的度数;若不可以,请说明理由.
答案
(1)25 115
∵ ∠BDA = 115°,
∴ ∠EDC = 180° - ∠ADB - ∠ADE = 180° - 115° - 40° = 25°,
∴ ∠DEC = 180° - ∠EDC - ∠C = 180° - 25° - 40° = 115°.
(2)小 40° < ∠BDA < 140°
(3)证明:
∵ ∠C = 40°,
∴ ∠DEC + ∠EDC = 140°.
∵ ∠ADE = 40°,
∴ ∠ADB + ∠EDC = 140°,
∴ ∠ADB = ∠DEC.
在△ABD 和△DCE 中,∠ADB = ∠DEC,∠B = ∠C,AB = DC = 2,
∴ △ABD≌△DCE(AAS).
(4)解:可以.
∵ ∠ADE = 40°,
∴ ∠EDC = 180° - ∠BDA - 40° = 140° - ∠BDA,
∴ ∠AED = ∠C + ∠EDC = 40° + 140° - ∠BDA = 180° - ∠BDA.
①当 DA = DE 时,∠AED = ∠EAD,
∴ 180° - ∠BDA = (180° - 40°)/2,解得∠BDA = 110°.
②当 DE = AE 时,∠AED = 180° - 2×40° = 100°,
∴ 180° - ∠BDA = 100°,解得∠BDA = 80°.
③
∵ 点 D 不与点 B,C 重合,
∴ AD≠AE.
综上所述,当△ADE 是等腰三角形时,∠BDA = 110°或 80°.
∵ ∠BDA = 115°,
∴ ∠EDC = 180° - ∠ADB - ∠ADE = 180° - 115° - 40° = 25°,
∴ ∠DEC = 180° - ∠EDC - ∠C = 180° - 25° - 40° = 115°.
(2)小 40° < ∠BDA < 140°
(3)证明:
∵ ∠C = 40°,
∴ ∠DEC + ∠EDC = 140°.
∵ ∠ADE = 40°,
∴ ∠ADB + ∠EDC = 140°,
∴ ∠ADB = ∠DEC.
在△ABD 和△DCE 中,∠ADB = ∠DEC,∠B = ∠C,AB = DC = 2,
∴ △ABD≌△DCE(AAS).
(4)解:可以.
∵ ∠ADE = 40°,
∴ ∠EDC = 180° - ∠BDA - 40° = 140° - ∠BDA,
∴ ∠AED = ∠C + ∠EDC = 40° + 140° - ∠BDA = 180° - ∠BDA.
①当 DA = DE 时,∠AED = ∠EAD,
∴ 180° - ∠BDA = (180° - 40°)/2,解得∠BDA = 110°.
②当 DE = AE 时,∠AED = 180° - 2×40° = 100°,
∴ 180° - ∠BDA = 100°,解得∠BDA = 80°.
③
∵ 点 D 不与点 B,C 重合,
∴ AD≠AE.
综上所述,当△ADE 是等腰三角形时,∠BDA = 110°或 80°.
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