1.(教材变式(吉林中考))如图,在$△ ABC$中,点D在边AB上,过点D作$DE // BC$,交AC于点E。若$AD=2$,$BD=3$,则$\frac{AE}{AC}$的值是(

A.$\frac{2}{5}$
B.$\frac{1}{2}$
C.$\frac{3}{5}$
D.$\frac{2}{3}$
A
)A.$\frac{2}{5}$
B.$\frac{1}{2}$
C.$\frac{3}{5}$
D.$\frac{2}{3}$
答案
1.A 解析:$\because AD=2,BD=3,\therefore AB=AD+BD=5.\because DE// BC,$
$\therefore \frac{AE}{AC}=\frac{AD}{AB}=\frac{2}{5}$.故选A.
$\therefore \frac{AE}{AC}=\frac{AD}{AB}=\frac{2}{5}$.故选A.
2.(丽水中考)如图,五线谱是由等距离、等长度的五条平行横线组成的,同一条直线上的三个点A,B,C都在横线上.若线段$AB=3$,则线段BC的长是(

A.$\frac{2}{3}$
B.1
C.$\frac{3}{2}$
D.2
C
)A.$\frac{2}{3}$
B.1
C.$\frac{3}{2}$
D.2
答案
2.C 解析:过点A作平行横线的垂线,交点B所在的横线于点D,交点C所在的横线于点E.则$\frac{AB}{BC}=\frac{AD}{DE}$,即$\frac{3}{BC}=2$,解得$BC=\frac{3}{2}$.故选C.
3. 如图,$AC// BD$,$AD$与$BC$交于点$E$,过点$E$作$EF// BD$,交线段$AB$于点$F$,则下列各式错误的是(

A.$\dfrac{AF}{BF}=\dfrac{AE}{DE}$
B.$\dfrac{BF}{AF}=\dfrac{BE}{CE}$
C.$\dfrac{AE}{AD}+\dfrac{BE}{BC}=1$
D.$\dfrac{AF}{BF}=\dfrac{CE}{DE}$
D
)A.$\dfrac{AF}{BF}=\dfrac{AE}{DE}$
B.$\dfrac{BF}{AF}=\dfrac{BE}{CE}$
C.$\dfrac{AE}{AD}+\dfrac{BE}{BC}=1$
D.$\dfrac{AF}{BF}=\dfrac{CE}{DE}$
答案
3.D 解析:$\because AC// BD,EF// BD,\therefore EF// AC,\therefore \frac{AF}{BF}=\frac{AE}{DE},\frac{BF}{AF}=\frac{BE}{CE}$,故A,B正确.$\because \frac{AE}{AD}=\frac{AF}{AB},\frac{BE}{BC}=\frac{BF}{AB},\therefore \frac{AE}{AD}+\frac{BE}{BC}=\frac{AF}{AB}+\frac{BF}{AB}=\frac{AF+BF}{AB}=\frac{AB}{AB}=1$,故C正确.$\because \frac{AF}{BF}=\frac{CE}{EB}$,而$DE≠ EB$,故D错误.故选D.
4. (北京中考)如图,直线AD,BC交于点O,AB//EF//CD,若$AO=2$,$OF=1$,$FD=2$,则$\frac{BE}{EC}$的值为

$\frac{3}{2}$
.答案
4.$\frac{3}{2}$ 解析:$\because AO=2,OF=1,\therefore AF=OA+OF=2+1=3.\because AB// EF// CD,\therefore \frac{BE}{EC}=\frac{FA}{FD}=\frac{3}{2}$.
5. 如图,在$△ ABC$中,$D,F$在$AB$边上,$E,G$在$AC$边上,$DE// FG// BC$,且$AD:DF:FB=3:2:1$,若$AG=15$,则$EC$的长为
9
. 答案
5.9 解析:$\because DE// FG// BC,\therefore AD:DF:FB=AE:EG:GC.$
$\because AD:DF:FB=3:2:1,\therefore AE:EG:GC=3:2:1.$
设$AE=3x,EG=2x,GC=x,\because AG=15,\therefore 3x+2x=15$,解得$x=3$,即$AE=9,EG=6,GC=3,\therefore EC=EG+GC=6+3=9.$
$\because AD:DF:FB=3:2:1,\therefore AE:EG:GC=3:2:1.$
设$AE=3x,EG=2x,GC=x,\because AG=15,\therefore 3x+2x=15$,解得$x=3$,即$AE=9,EG=6,GC=3,\therefore EC=EG+GC=6+3=9.$
6. 如图,在$△ ABC$中,$EF// CD$,$DE// BC$.
(1)求证:$AF:FD=AD:DB$;
(2)若$AB=15$,$AD:BD=2:1$,求$DF$的长.

(1)求证:$AF:FD=AD:DB$;
(2)若$AB=15$,$AD:BD=2:1$,求$DF$的长.
答案
6.(1)$\because EF// CD,\therefore \frac{AF}{FD}=\frac{AE}{EC}.\because DE// BC,\therefore \frac{AD}{BD}=\frac{AE}{EC},\therefore \frac{AF}{FD}=\frac{AD}{BD}$,即$AF:FD=AD:DB.$
(2)$\because AD:BD=2:1,\therefore BD=\frac{1}{2}AD,\therefore AD+\frac{1}{2}AD=15$,
$\therefore AD=10.\because AF:FD=AD:DB,\therefore AF:FD=2:1$,
$\therefore AF=2DF.\because AF+DF=10,\therefore 2DF+DF=10,\therefore DF=\frac{10}{3}.$
(2)$\because AD:BD=2:1,\therefore BD=\frac{1}{2}AD,\therefore AD+\frac{1}{2}AD=15$,
$\therefore AD=10.\because AF:FD=AD:DB,\therefore AF:FD=2:1$,
$\therefore AF=2DF.\because AF+DF=10,\therefore 2DF+DF=10,\therefore DF=\frac{10}{3}.$
7. 一题多变 (1) 如图①,AD是$△ ABC$的中线,$AE=EF=FC$,则$\frac{AG}{AD}=$

(2) 如图②,$BD=CD$,$AE:DE=1:2$,延长$BE$交$AC$于点$F$,且$AF=4\ \mathrm{cm}$,则$AC$的长为
$\frac{1}{2}$
,$\frac{GE}{BE}=$$\frac{1}{4}$
。(2) 如图②,$BD=CD$,$AE:DE=1:2$,延长$BE$交$AC$于点$F$,且$AF=4\ \mathrm{cm}$,则$AC$的长为
20
cm。答案
7.(1)$\frac{1}{2}\ \ \frac{1}{4}$ 解析:$\because AD$是$△ ABC$的中线,$EF=FC,\therefore DF$是$△ BCE$的中位线,$\therefore DF// BE$.又$AE=EF,\therefore AG=GD$,
$\therefore \frac{AG}{AD}=\frac{1}{2},\therefore GE=\frac{1}{2}DF$.又$\because DF// BE,EF=FC,\therefore DF=\frac{1}{2}BE,\therefore \frac{GE}{BE}=\frac{1}{4}.$
(2)20 解析:过点$D$作$DG// BF$交$AC$于点$G$,$\therefore AF:FG=AE:ED=1:2,BD:CD=FG:GC$.又$BD=CD,\therefore FG=GC.\because AF=4\ \mathrm{cm},\therefore FG=2AF=8\ \mathrm{cm}=CG,\therefore AC=AF+FG+CG=20\ \mathrm{cm}.$
$\therefore \frac{AG}{AD}=\frac{1}{2},\therefore GE=\frac{1}{2}DF$.又$\because DF// BE,EF=FC,\therefore DF=\frac{1}{2}BE,\therefore \frac{GE}{BE}=\frac{1}{4}.$
(2)20 解析:过点$D$作$DG// BF$交$AC$于点$G$,$\therefore AF:FG=AE:ED=1:2,BD:CD=FG:GC$.又$BD=CD,\therefore FG=GC.\because AF=4\ \mathrm{cm},\therefore FG=2AF=8\ \mathrm{cm}=CG,\therefore AC=AF+FG+CG=20\ \mathrm{cm}.$
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