一、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1. The firefighters showed
2. [2026 江苏无锡期中] Through hard work and her
3.
4. 「一语辨异」 The writer’s
5. With useful modern tools,
1. The firefighters showed
admirable
(admire) courage in the face of the raging fire.2. [2026 江苏无锡期中] Through hard work and her
wisdom
(wise), Lily has achieved a lot of success.3.
Researchers
(research) in medicine have made many discoveries
(discover) that have improved people’s health over the years.4. 「一语辨异」 The writer’s
inspiring
speech became an important inspiration
for my story writing. (inspire)5. With useful modern tools,
historians
can quickly study historical
materials and come up with new findings. (history)答案
1. admirable【点拨】空后为名词courage,需用形容词修饰。admire是动词,其形容词形式为admirable,意为“令人钦佩的”。
2. wisdom【点拨】空前为形容词性物主代词her,空处需填入名词。wise是形容词,其名词形式为wisdom,不可数名词,意为“智慧”。
3. Researchers; discoveries【点拨】第一空作句子的主语,表示“研究人员”,应用名词researcher,由have made可知,主语用复数形式。第二空由many可知需填入可数名词复数形式。discover是动词,其名词形式为discovery,复数形式为discoveries。
4. inspiring; inspiration【点拨】第一空后为名词speech,需用形容词修饰。inspire是动词,其形容词形式inspiring意为“鼓舞人心的”。第二空前为an important,空处需填入名词inspiration。
5. historians; historical【点拨】第一空处为主语,需填入指人的名词。history是名词,其指人名词为historian,意为“历史学家”,此处应用复数形式historians。第二空后为名词materials,需用形容词修饰。history的形容词形式为historical,意为“历史的”。
2. wisdom【点拨】空前为形容词性物主代词her,空处需填入名词。wise是形容词,其名词形式为wisdom,不可数名词,意为“智慧”。
3. Researchers; discoveries【点拨】第一空作句子的主语,表示“研究人员”,应用名词researcher,由have made可知,主语用复数形式。第二空由many可知需填入可数名词复数形式。discover是动词,其名词形式为discovery,复数形式为discoveries。
4. inspiring; inspiration【点拨】第一空后为名词speech,需用形容词修饰。inspire是动词,其形容词形式inspiring意为“鼓舞人心的”。第二空前为an important,空处需填入名词inspiration。
5. historians; historical【点拨】第一空处为主语,需填入指人的名词。history是名词,其指人名词为historian,意为“历史学家”,此处应用复数形式historians。第二空后为名词materials,需用形容词修饰。history的形容词形式为historical,意为“历史的”。
解析
【分析】本题要求用括号内所给词的适当形式填空,解题思路为:先分析每个空缺处的句子成分,判断所需词性,再结合所给词的词性变形规则进行转换。具体来看:1. 空缺后是名词courage,需用形容词修饰,故将动词admire转换为形容词;2. 空缺前是形容词性物主代词her,需填入名词,故将形容词wise转换为名词;3. 第一空缺作主语,结合谓语动词have可知需用复数名词,故将动词research转换为指人的复数名词;第二空缺由many可知需用可数名词复数,故将动词discover转换为名词复数;4. 第一空缺修饰名词speech需用形容词,故将动词inspire转换为形容词;第二空缺前是an important,需填入名词,故将动词inspire转换为名词;5. 第一空缺作主语,需填入指人的名词,结合语境用复数,故将名词history转换为指人的复数名词;第二空缺修饰名词materials需用形容词,故将名词history转换为形容词。
【解析】1. 空后为名词courage,需用形容词修饰,所给词admire是动词,其形容词形式为admirable,意为“令人钦佩的”,故填admirable;2. 空前为形容词性物主代词her,需填入名词,所给词wise是形容词,其名词形式为wisdom,意为“智慧”,故填wisdom;3. 第一空作主语,结合谓语动词have可知主语为复数,所给词research对应的指人名词是researcher,复数形式为researchers;第二空由many可知需用可数名词复数,所给词discover对应的名词是discovery,复数形式为discoveries,故填researchers; discoveries;4. 第一空修饰名词speech需用形容词,所给词inspire的形容词形式inspiring意为“鼓舞人心的”;第二空前为an important,需填入名词,inspire的名词形式为inspiration,故填inspiring; inspiration;5. 第一空作主语,需填入指人的名词,所给词history对应的指人名词是historian,此处用复数historians;第二空修饰名词materials需用形容词,history的形容词形式为historical,意为“历史的”,故填historians; historical。
【答案】1. admirable 2. wisdom 3. researchers; discoveries 4. inspiring; inspiration 5. historians; historical
【知识点】词性转换、名词复数、形容词与名词的用法
【点评】本题聚焦英语基础语法中的词性转换考点,要求学生掌握常见词汇的词性变形规则,并能根据句子成分准确判断所需词性,是初中英语的核心基础题型,有助于夯实词汇与语法基础。
【难度系数】0.6
【解析】1. 空后为名词courage,需用形容词修饰,所给词admire是动词,其形容词形式为admirable,意为“令人钦佩的”,故填admirable;2. 空前为形容词性物主代词her,需填入名词,所给词wise是形容词,其名词形式为wisdom,意为“智慧”,故填wisdom;3. 第一空作主语,结合谓语动词have可知主语为复数,所给词research对应的指人名词是researcher,复数形式为researchers;第二空由many可知需用可数名词复数,所给词discover对应的名词是discovery,复数形式为discoveries,故填researchers; discoveries;4. 第一空修饰名词speech需用形容词,所给词inspire的形容词形式inspiring意为“鼓舞人心的”;第二空前为an important,需填入名词,inspire的名词形式为inspiration,故填inspiring; inspiration;5. 第一空作主语,需填入指人的名词,所给词history对应的指人名词是historian,此处用复数historians;第二空修饰名词materials需用形容词,history的形容词形式为historical,意为“历史的”,故填historians; historical。
【答案】1. admirable 2. wisdom 3. researchers; discoveries 4. inspiring; inspiration 5. historians; historical
【知识点】词性转换、名词复数、形容词与名词的用法
【点评】本题聚焦英语基础语法中的词性转换考点,要求学生掌握常见词汇的词性变形规则,并能根据句子成分准确判断所需词性,是初中英语的核心基础题型,有助于夯实词汇与语法基础。
【难度系数】0.6
二、从方框中选择合适的单词并用其适当形式填空(有一项多余)
balance physics Britain calendar chemistry West
1. Many people think that the
2. 易错题 She finds it challenging
3. In the
4. Stephen Hawking, as one of the greatest
5. Tu Youyou is not only a great
balance physics Britain calendar chemistry West
1. Many people think that the
British
have an unusual sense of humour.2. 易错题 She finds it challenging
to balance
her part-time job and school lessons.3. In the
Western
restaurants, soup is always served first, and then the main course.4. Stephen Hawking, as one of the greatest
physicists
in the world, died on March 14th, 2018.5. Tu Youyou is not only a great
chemist
but also the first Chinese woman to win a Nobel Prize.答案
1. British 2. to balance 3. Western 4. physicists 5. chemist
解析
【分析】
本题为词汇适当形式填空题,解题思路如下:首先通读每个句子理解句意,接着分析每个空缺处的句子成分,确定所需词性,再从方框内的单词中匹配合适的词,根据语法规则(如固定搭配、词性转换、名词单复数等)对所选单词进行变形,最后验证答案是否符合语境。
【解析】
1. 句意:很多人认为英国人有不寻常的幽默感。方框中Britain意为“英国”,此处需表示“英国人”,故变形为British。
2. 句意:她发现平衡兼职工作和学校课程很有挑战性。固定搭配为find it + adj. + to do sth.,表示“发现做某事是……的”,故动词balance需用不定式形式to balance。
3. 句意:在西方的餐厅里,汤总是先上,然后是主菜。方框中West意为“西方”,此处需形容词修饰名词restaurants,故变形为Western。
4. 句意:斯蒂芬·霍金是世界上最伟大的物理学家之一,2018年3月14日去世。霍金是物理学家,方框中physics意为“物理”,需变形为名词physicist;又因“one of + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数”结构,故填physicists。
5. 句意:屠呦呦不仅是伟大的化学家,还是第一位获得诺贝尔奖的中国女性。方框中chemistry意为“化学”,需变形为表示职业的名词chemist(化学家)。
【答案】
1. British 2. to balance 3. Western 4. physicists 5. chemist
【知识点】
词汇适当形式填空、词性转换、固定搭配
【点评】
本题考查基础词汇的词义理解与形式变形,涉及名词、形容词、动词不定式的用法,是初中英语常见的基础题型,注重对核心词汇的应用能力考查。
【难度系数】
0.5
本题为词汇适当形式填空题,解题思路如下:首先通读每个句子理解句意,接着分析每个空缺处的句子成分,确定所需词性,再从方框内的单词中匹配合适的词,根据语法规则(如固定搭配、词性转换、名词单复数等)对所选单词进行变形,最后验证答案是否符合语境。
【解析】
1. 句意:很多人认为英国人有不寻常的幽默感。方框中Britain意为“英国”,此处需表示“英国人”,故变形为British。
2. 句意:她发现平衡兼职工作和学校课程很有挑战性。固定搭配为find it + adj. + to do sth.,表示“发现做某事是……的”,故动词balance需用不定式形式to balance。
3. 句意:在西方的餐厅里,汤总是先上,然后是主菜。方框中West意为“西方”,此处需形容词修饰名词restaurants,故变形为Western。
4. 句意:斯蒂芬·霍金是世界上最伟大的物理学家之一,2018年3月14日去世。霍金是物理学家,方框中physics意为“物理”,需变形为名词physicist;又因“one of + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数”结构,故填physicists。
5. 句意:屠呦呦不仅是伟大的化学家,还是第一位获得诺贝尔奖的中国女性。方框中chemistry意为“化学”,需变形为表示职业的名词chemist(化学家)。
【答案】
1. British 2. to balance 3. Western 4. physicists 5. chemist
【知识点】
词汇适当形式填空、词性转换、固定搭配
【点评】
本题考查基础词汇的词义理解与形式变形,涉及名词、形容词、动词不定式的用法,是初中英语常见的基础题型,注重对核心词汇的应用能力考查。
【难度系数】
0.5
三、根据语境,用适当的虚词盲填
1. Huang Xuhua was
2. The Internet is probably the most popular invention
3. [2026 浙江宁波期末改编] Astronauts are great heroes that teenagers look up
4. The study says many people in the world are
5. The firefighters were full
1. Huang Xuhua was
a
pioneer of China’s nuclear submarine (核潜艇) program.2. The Internet is probably the most popular invention
in
the late twentieth century.3. [2026 浙江宁波期末改编] Astronauts are great heroes that teenagers look up
to
.4. The study says many people in the world are
in
hunger. So we should stop wasting food.5. The firefighters were full
of
courage when they rushed into the burning building yesterday.答案
1. a 2. in 3. to 4. in 5. of
解析
【分析】
本题为英语虚词盲填题,需结合语境、固定搭配及基础语法知识逐一分析:
1. 第一空:pioneer是可数名词单数,此处表泛指“一名先驱”,需用不定冠词;
2. 第二空:表达“在……世纪”时,需用特定介词;
3. 第三空:涉及固定动词短语,需匹配对应介词;
4. 第四空:考查描述状态的固定介词搭配;
5. 第五空:考查描述“充满”含义的固定形容词短语搭配。
【解析】
1. 空格后为可数名词单数pioneer,表泛指“一名先驱”,故填不定冠词a;
2. 表示“在20世纪后期”,世纪前用介词in,故填in;
3. 固定短语look up to sb.意为“尊敬某人”,此处介词to提前,故填to;
4. 固定搭配be in hunger意为“处于饥饿中”,故填in;
5. 固定短语be full of意为“充满”,故填of。
【答案】
1. a 2. in 3. to 4. in 5. of
【知识点】
冠词的用法、介词的用法、固定搭配
【点评】
本题为基础英语虚词填空题,主要考查冠词、介词的基础用法及常见固定搭配,难度较低,需学生掌握基础语法和常用短语。
【难度系数】
0.8
本题为英语虚词盲填题,需结合语境、固定搭配及基础语法知识逐一分析:
1. 第一空:pioneer是可数名词单数,此处表泛指“一名先驱”,需用不定冠词;
2. 第二空:表达“在……世纪”时,需用特定介词;
3. 第三空:涉及固定动词短语,需匹配对应介词;
4. 第四空:考查描述状态的固定介词搭配;
5. 第五空:考查描述“充满”含义的固定形容词短语搭配。
【解析】
1. 空格后为可数名词单数pioneer,表泛指“一名先驱”,故填不定冠词a;
2. 表示“在20世纪后期”,世纪前用介词in,故填in;
3. 固定短语look up to sb.意为“尊敬某人”,此处介词to提前,故填to;
4. 固定搭配be in hunger意为“处于饥饿中”,故填in;
5. 固定短语be full of意为“充满”,故填of。
【答案】
1. a 2. in 3. to 4. in 5. of
【知识点】
冠词的用法、介词的用法、固定搭配
【点评】
本题为基础英语虚词填空题,主要考查冠词、介词的基础用法及常见固定搭配,难度较低,需学生掌握基础语法和常用短语。
【难度系数】
0.8
四、根据汉语提示补全句子或翻译句子
1. 在学习和课外活动之间保持平衡是很有必要的。
It is
2. 她想成为一名教师的童年梦想在多年的努力后终于实现了。
Her
3. 护士们照料受伤的士兵,并努力阻止疾病在村子里传播。
The nurses cared for the
4. 她是个勇敢的女孩,总是毫无畏惧地直面困难。我们都钦佩她的勇气。
She is a
5. ✶✶ 他的父亲去世后,他不得不辍学照顾家人。(drop out of)
1. 在学习和课外活动之间保持平衡是很有必要的。
It is
necessary
to keep
a
balance
between study and after-school activities.2. 她想成为一名教师的童年梦想在多年的努力后终于实现了。
Her
childhood
dream
of becoming a teacher finally came
true
after years of hard work.3. 护士们照料受伤的士兵,并努力阻止疾病在村子里传播。
The nurses cared for the
wounded
soldiers
and tried to stop the disease
from
spreading
in the village.4. 她是个勇敢的女孩,总是毫无畏惧地直面困难。我们都钦佩她的勇气。
She is a
brave
girl
who always braves
difficulties
without fear, and we all admire her for her courage
.5. ✶✶ 他的父亲去世后,他不得不辍学照顾家人。(drop out of)
After his father’s death, he had to drop out of school and take care of his family.
答案
1. necessary; keep a balance
2. childhood dream; came true
3. wounded soldiers; disease from spreading
4. brave girl; braves difficulties; admire her for her courage
5. After his father’s death, he had to drop out of school and take care of his family.
2. childhood dream; came true
3. wounded soldiers; disease from spreading
4. brave girl; braves difficulties; admire her for her courage
5. After his father’s death, he had to drop out of school and take care of his family.
解析
【分析】本题为根据汉语提示补全句子及翻译句子的基础英语题,解题思路:①先准确理解每句汉语含义,定位对应的英语词汇、固定搭配或短语;②结合句子结构(如时态、主谓一致、固定句型)调整形式;③翻译句子时需遵循英语表达习惯,正确使用给定短语。
【解析】1. “必要的”对应形容词necessary;“保持平衡”为固定搭配keep a balance,故填necessary; keep a balance。2. “童年梦想”对应childhood dream;“实现”用固定短语come true,结合语境用一般过去时,故填childhood dream; came true。3. “受伤的士兵”为wounded soldiers(复数表泛指);“阻止疾病传播”是固定结构stop disease from spreading,故填wounded soldiers; disease from spreading。4. “勇敢的女孩”对应brave girl;“直面困难”因主语是第三人称单数,用braves difficulties;“钦佩她的勇气”为admire her for her courage,故填brave girl; braves difficulties; admire her for her courage。5. 翻译时,“他的父亲去世后”译为After his father’s death,“不得不辍学”是had to drop out of school,“照顾家人”是take care of his family,按英语语序组合为After his father’s death, he had to drop out of school and take care of his family。
【答案】1. necessary; keep a balance
2. childhood dream; came true
3. wounded soldiers; disease from spreading
4. brave girl; braves difficulties; admire her for her courage
5. After his father’s death, he had to drop out of school and take care of his family.
【知识点】固定搭配、动词短语、汉译英
【点评】本题聚焦英语基础词汇、固定短语及句型应用,题型常规,难度较低,旨在考查学生对核心基础知识的掌握与运用能力。
【难度系数】0.8
【解析】1. “必要的”对应形容词necessary;“保持平衡”为固定搭配keep a balance,故填necessary; keep a balance。2. “童年梦想”对应childhood dream;“实现”用固定短语come true,结合语境用一般过去时,故填childhood dream; came true。3. “受伤的士兵”为wounded soldiers(复数表泛指);“阻止疾病传播”是固定结构stop disease from spreading,故填wounded soldiers; disease from spreading。4. “勇敢的女孩”对应brave girl;“直面困难”因主语是第三人称单数,用braves difficulties;“钦佩她的勇气”为admire her for her courage,故填brave girl; braves difficulties; admire her for her courage。5. 翻译时,“他的父亲去世后”译为After his father’s death,“不得不辍学”是had to drop out of school,“照顾家人”是take care of his family,按英语语序组合为After his father’s death, he had to drop out of school and take care of his family。
【答案】1. necessary; keep a balance
2. childhood dream; came true
3. wounded soldiers; disease from spreading
4. brave girl; braves difficulties; admire her for her courage
5. After his father’s death, he had to drop out of school and take care of his family.
【知识点】固定搭配、动词短语、汉译英
【点评】本题聚焦英语基础词汇、固定短语及句型应用,题型常规,难度较低,旨在考查学生对核心基础知识的掌握与运用能力。
【难度系数】0.8
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