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七、任务型阅读。(2025·江苏盐城东台第五教育联盟期中)
阅读短文，从短文后所给的A~F六个选项中选出五个能填入空白处的最佳选项。
Most of us have learned the virtue(美德) of honesty from some stories. The story of Pinocchio teaches the importance of telling the truth. Every time Pinocchio lies, his nose will grow longer. These types of stories show children that "honesty is the best". 1 The fact is that people lie for many reasons.
One reason people lie is to hide a mistake. While it is true that everyone does something wrong from time to time, some people do not have the courage to admit their mistakes because they are afraid that they will be blamed(责备). For example, students might lie to their teachers about the unfinished homework. They might say that they left the homework at home. 2 These students do not want to get in trouble, so they make up an excuse.
3 Parents, particularly those with young children, may teach their children to use this type of "protective" lie in certain circumstances(状况). 4 Many parents teach their children to explain that their mother and father are too busy to come to the phone at that time. In this situation, a protective lie can mean greater safety.
5 Lying to keep the peace or to stay safe can have positive results. However, lying to stay out of trouble can lead to more trouble in the end. Understanding the motives behind the impulse(冲动) to lie might minimize this habit of lying.
A. In fact, they did not do the homework at all.
B. But why do so many people lie?
C. People lie for many reasons, both good and bad.
D. What should children do if a stranger calls while their parents are out?
E. Another reason for lying has to do with self-protection.
F. The protective lies are useful and necessary for children.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
阅读短文，从短文后所给的A~F六个选项中选出五个能填入空白处的最佳选项。
Most of us have learned the virtue(美德) of honesty from some stories. The story of Pinocchio teaches the importance of telling the truth. Every time Pinocchio lies, his nose will grow longer. These types of stories show children that "honesty is the best". 1 The fact is that people lie for many reasons.
One reason people lie is to hide a mistake. While it is true that everyone does something wrong from time to time, some people do not have the courage to admit their mistakes because they are afraid that they will be blamed(责备). For example, students might lie to their teachers about the unfinished homework. They might say that they left the homework at home. 2 These students do not want to get in trouble, so they make up an excuse.
3 Parents, particularly those with young children, may teach their children to use this type of "protective" lie in certain circumstances(状况). 4 Many parents teach their children to explain that their mother and father are too busy to come to the phone at that time. In this situation, a protective lie can mean greater safety.
5 Lying to keep the peace or to stay safe can have positive results. However, lying to stay out of trouble can lead to more trouble in the end. Understanding the motives behind the impulse(冲动) to lie might minimize this habit of lying.
A. In fact, they did not do the homework at all.
B. But why do so many people lie?
C. People lie for many reasons, both good and bad.
D. What should children do if a stranger calls while their parents are out?
E. Another reason for lying has to do with self-protection.
F. The protective lies are useful and necessary for children.
1.
B
2.
A
3.
E
4.
D
5.
C
答案
1. B 2. A 3. E 4. D 5. C
解析
【分析】
这是一篇典型的说明文类六选五任务型阅读，解题时首先要通读全文梳理核心主题：本文围绕人们说谎的不同原因展开论述，整体遵循“引入话题-分点说明不同说谎原因-辩证总结”的脉络。接下来逐空匹配逻辑：第一步看第1空，前文铺垫了诚实是传统倡导的美德，后文直接点明人们说谎有很多原因，中间需要转折引出“为什么人们要说谎”的设问来承上启下；第2空前面举了学生谎称作业落在家的例子，后文点明学生是编借口躲麻烦，中间需要补充这个谎言背后的真实情况；第3空前面已经讲完第一个“掩盖错误”的说谎原因，后文开始介绍保护性谎言，这里需要引出第二个说谎的原因；第4空后文直接给出了家长教孩子应对来电的具体做法，前文肯定是抛出对应的场景问题；第5空后文辩证说明不同动机的谎言带来的不同结果，这里需要总起句概括说谎的原因有好有坏，最后排除和整体辩证表述不符的多余选项即可得到答案。
【解析】
1. 空1前文介绍传统故事传递“诚实是最好的选择”的观念，空后转折引出“人们说谎有很多原因”的核心论述，B选项“但是为什么这么多人说谎？”完美起到承上启下的过渡作用，符合上下文逻辑。
2. 空2前文举例学生没完成作业，谎称自己把作业落在家里，空后说明这类学生是为了不惹麻烦才编造借口，A选项“事实上他们根本就没写作业”直接点明这个谎言背后的真相，前后语义连贯。
3. 前文已经介绍了第一个说谎的原因是掩盖错误，空后开始介绍“保护性谎言”的相关内容，E选项“说谎的另一个原因和自我保护有关”作为分点衔接句，自然引出第二个说谎的原因，匹配语境。
4. 空后给出了家长教导孩子应对来电的具体处理方式，D选项“如果父母外出的时候陌生人打来电话，孩子该怎么做？”刚好抛出对应的场景问题，后文内容正是对该问题的解答，逻辑完全对应。
5. 空后分别说明出于安全、维持和睦的谎言有积极作用，而逃避麻烦的谎言最终会带来更多问题，C选项“人们说谎有很多原因，有好有坏”是对本段内容的总起概括，符合段落逻辑。剩余干扰项F表述“保护性谎言对孩子来说有用且必要”，和后文整体辩证看待不同类型谎言的基调不符，予以排除。
【答案】
1. B 2. A 3. E 4. D 5. C
【知识点】
语篇逻辑衔接，说明文结构梳理，细节信息匹配
【点评】
本题难度适中，重点考察学生对说明类文本的总分论述逻辑、观点和例证的对应关系的把握，解题时不需要逐字翻译全文，重点关注空白前后的语义关联，理清文章从引入话题到分点论述再到辩证总结的整体脉络，就可以快速排除干扰项选出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇典型的说明文类六选五任务型阅读，解题时首先要通读全文梳理核心主题：本文围绕人们说谎的不同原因展开论述，整体遵循“引入话题-分点说明不同说谎原因-辩证总结”的脉络。接下来逐空匹配逻辑：第一步看第1空，前文铺垫了诚实是传统倡导的美德，后文直接点明人们说谎有很多原因，中间需要转折引出“为什么人们要说谎”的设问来承上启下；第2空前面举了学生谎称作业落在家的例子，后文点明学生是编借口躲麻烦，中间需要补充这个谎言背后的真实情况；第3空前面已经讲完第一个“掩盖错误”的说谎原因，后文开始介绍保护性谎言，这里需要引出第二个说谎的原因；第4空后文直接给出了家长教孩子应对来电的具体做法，前文肯定是抛出对应的场景问题；第5空后文辩证说明不同动机的谎言带来的不同结果，这里需要总起句概括说谎的原因有好有坏，最后排除和整体辩证表述不符的多余选项即可得到答案。
【解析】
1. 空1前文介绍传统故事传递“诚实是最好的选择”的观念，空后转折引出“人们说谎有很多原因”的核心论述，B选项“但是为什么这么多人说谎？”完美起到承上启下的过渡作用，符合上下文逻辑。
2. 空2前文举例学生没完成作业，谎称自己把作业落在家里，空后说明这类学生是为了不惹麻烦才编造借口，A选项“事实上他们根本就没写作业”直接点明这个谎言背后的真相，前后语义连贯。
3. 前文已经介绍了第一个说谎的原因是掩盖错误，空后开始介绍“保护性谎言”的相关内容，E选项“说谎的另一个原因和自我保护有关”作为分点衔接句，自然引出第二个说谎的原因，匹配语境。
4. 空后给出了家长教导孩子应对来电的具体处理方式，D选项“如果父母外出的时候陌生人打来电话，孩子该怎么做？”刚好抛出对应的场景问题，后文内容正是对该问题的解答，逻辑完全对应。
5. 空后分别说明出于安全、维持和睦的谎言有积极作用，而逃避麻烦的谎言最终会带来更多问题，C选项“人们说谎有很多原因，有好有坏”是对本段内容的总起概括，符合段落逻辑。剩余干扰项F表述“保护性谎言对孩子来说有用且必要”，和后文整体辩证看待不同类型谎言的基调不符，予以排除。
【答案】
1. B 2. A 3. E 4. D 5. C
【知识点】
语篇逻辑衔接，说明文结构梳理，细节信息匹配
【点评】
本题难度适中，重点考察学生对说明类文本的总分论述逻辑、观点和例证的对应关系的把握，解题时不需要逐字翻译全文，重点关注空白前后的语义关联，理清文章从引入话题到分点论述再到辩证总结的整体脉络，就可以快速排除干扰项选出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.7
