五、阅读理解。
As we know, there are many differences between Western culture and Chinese culture. We can see these differences in the way people use language, particularly when it comes to words about animals and plants.
In Chinese culture, most expressions(表达) about dogs often carry negative(负面的) meanings, like “a homeless dog”, “a mad dog”, “a running dog”, and “a dog catching a mouse” all have negative meanings. However, in Western countries, people think dogs are honest and good friends of people, and often use the expressions about dogs to describe(描述) positive meanings. For example, “you are a lucky dog” means that you are a lucky person, while “every dog has its day” shows the idea that everyone has their moment of good luck. Despite(尽管) these differences, both cultures use the expression “dog-tired” to mean “very tired.”
Cats hold a special place in Chinese culture. They stand for good luck and richness, so people love cats very much. However, Western culture often uses the word “cat” to describe a woman who is rude or unkind. It shows the cultural differences in the use of language.
When it comes to plants, the rose is a symbol(符号) of love, peace, courage, and friendship in both China and some Western countries. It is also the national flower of England, America, and many other countries, showing that people all over the world like it very much.
In all, the words we use to describe animals and plants can be different across cultures, with some expressions carrying positive meanings while others are negative. By studying how people use these words, we can get a better understanding of the cultural differences between different countries. This helps us become better at speaking different languages, and lets us learn more about different cultures.
()1. What does “every dog has its day” mean in paragraph 2?
A. Everybody in the world is lucky.
B. Each person lives his own way of life.
C. If one works hard, he’s sure to be lucky.
D. Everybody has a time in life to be lucky.
()2. What do Chinese people think of cats?
A. Love and friendship.
B. Rude and unkind women.
C. Good luck and richness.
D. Bad luck and poor conditions.
()3. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Words show differences in culture.
B. Chinese people like dogs better than cats.
C. Western people think cats to be good friends.
D. Rose is the national flower of all Western countries.
()4. What’s the best title for the passage?
A. Negative or positive expressions in life
B. Different countries have different cultures
C. Rose means the same in Chinese and English
D. What dogs and cats mean in English and Chinese

1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B

【分析】
这是一篇关于中西方文化在动植物相关词汇表达差异的阅读理解题，解题时需先通读全文把握主旨，再针对每个小题的问题，定位原文对应段落的关键信息，逐一比对选项，排除错误选项后得出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 定位到第二段，文中明确说明“every dog has its day”的意思是“everyone has their moment of good luck”，即每个人都有走运的时候，对应选项D。
2. 定位到第三段，文中提到“In Chinese culture... They stand for good luck and richness”，可知中国人认为猫代表好运和富足，对应选项C。
3. 逐一分析选项：A选项，由第一段和最后一段可知，描述动植物的词汇差异体现了文化差异，表述正确；B选项，原文未比较中国人对狗和猫的喜爱程度，错误；C选项，西方人认为狗是朋友，对猫的描述是针对粗鲁不友善的女性，错误；D选项，玫瑰是部分西方国家的国花，并非所有，错误，故选A。
4. 文章围绕中西方文化在动植物词汇表达上的差异展开，核心主旨是不同国家有不同文化，对应选项B。
【答案】
1.D 2.C 3.A 4.B
【知识点】
阅读理解（文化类）、细节理解、主旨大意
【点评】
本题为初中阶段常见的文化类阅读理解，侧重考查学生的信息定位能力和主旨归纳能力，需准确抓取原文关键信息，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5