1.下列各式能用加法运算律简化计算的是 (
A.$(-8)+(-7.2)+(-2)+(+6.2)$
B.$3\dfrac{1}{2}+(-3\dfrac{1}{3})$
C.$3\dfrac{2}{5}+\dfrac{1}{2}+5$
D.$4\dfrac{1}{2}+(-\dfrac{3}{7})+(-3\dfrac{1}{4})+(-2\dfrac{1}{3})$
A
)A.$(-8)+(-7.2)+(-2)+(+6.2)$
B.$3\dfrac{1}{2}+(-3\dfrac{1}{3})$
C.$3\dfrac{2}{5}+\dfrac{1}{2}+5$
D.$4\dfrac{1}{2}+(-\dfrac{3}{7})+(-3\dfrac{1}{4})+(-2\dfrac{1}{3})$
答案
1.A
2.【教材 P29 例2变式】用简便方法计算$(-\dfrac{3}{4})+(+3\dfrac{3}{8})+(+0.75)+(-4\dfrac{1}{2})+(+1\dfrac{5}{8})$的结果是(
A.0
B.1
C.$\dfrac{1}{2}$
D.$-\dfrac{1}{2}$
C
)A.0
B.1
C.$\dfrac{1}{2}$
D.$-\dfrac{1}{2}$
答案
2.C
3.解题时,将式子$(-\dfrac{1}{6})+(-7)+\dfrac{5}{6}+(-4)$先变成$[(-\dfrac{1}{6})+\dfrac{5}{6}]+[(-7)+(-4)]$,再计算结果,运用了 (
A.加法交换律
B.加法交换律和加法结合律
C.加法结合律
D.无法判断
B
)A.加法交换律
B.加法交换律和加法结合律
C.加法结合律
D.无法判断
答案
3.B
4.下列变形中,运算律运用正确的是 (
A.$2+(-1)=1+2$
B.$3+(-2)+5=(-2+5)-3$
C.$[6+(-3)]+5=[6+(-5)]+3$
D.$\frac{1}{3}+(-2)+(+\frac{2}{3})=(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{2}{3})+(-2)$
D
)A.$2+(-1)=1+2$
B.$3+(-2)+5=(-2+5)-3$
C.$[6+(-3)]+5=[6+(-5)]+3$
D.$\frac{1}{3}+(-2)+(+\frac{2}{3})=(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{2}{3})+(-2)$
答案
4.D
5.【教材P30练习1变式】计算:
(1)$(-3\dfrac{1}{8})+(-2.16)+8\dfrac{1}{4}+3.125+(-3.84)+(-0.25)$;
(2)$(-123)+3\dfrac{1}{3}+(-4\dfrac{1}{4})+(+123)+(-\dfrac{1}{3})+(-\dfrac{3}{4})$。
(1)$(-3\dfrac{1}{8})+(-2.16)+8\dfrac{1}{4}+3.125+(-3.84)+(-0.25)$;
(2)$(-123)+3\dfrac{1}{3}+(-4\dfrac{1}{4})+(+123)+(-\dfrac{1}{3})+(-\dfrac{3}{4})$。
答案
5.解:(1)原式$=[(-3\dfrac{1}{8})+3.125]+[(-2.16)+(-3.84)]+[8\dfrac{1}{4}+(-0.25)]=0+(-6)+8=2$.
(2)原式$=[(-123)+(+123)]+[3\dfrac{1}{3}+(-\dfrac{1}{3})]+[(-4\dfrac{1}{4})+(-\dfrac{3}{4})]=0+3+(-5)=-2$.
(2)原式$=[(-123)+(+123)]+[3\dfrac{1}{3}+(-\dfrac{1}{3})]+[(-4\dfrac{1}{4})+(-\dfrac{3}{4})]=0+3+(-5)=-2$.
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