一、词汇运用。
根据句意，用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
1. There are many between Mars and Earth. (different)
2. —Can you tell me two famous in China?
—Sure, Red River Valley and Nine-village Valley. (valley)
3. Mercury is to the Sun than Earth. (close)
4. My brother did of all in the geography exam. (badly)
5. We all have our , so you needn't worry a lot. (weak)

1. differences 2. valleys 3. closer 4. worst 5. weakness(es)

【分析】
本题为英语词汇运用题，需根据句子结构、句意及语法规则，将括号内的词转换为适当形式。解题思路：先分析每个句子的成分，判断所需词性、数或级的变化，再结合词形转换规则完成填空。
【解析】
1. 句意：火星和地球之间有很多差异。many修饰可数名词复数，different是形容词，其名词形式为difference，复数形式为differences，故填differences。
2. 句意：——你能告诉我中国两个著名的山谷吗？——当然，红河峡谷和九寨沟。two后接可数名词复数，valley以辅音字母+y结尾，变复数需将y改为i加es，故填valleys。
3. 句意：水星比地球离太阳更近。句中than表比较，需用形容词比较级，close的比较级为closer，故填closer。
4. 句意：我哥哥在地理考试中表现最差。句中of all表三者及以上范围，需用副词最高级，badly的最高级为worst，故填worst。
5. 句意：我们都有自己的弱点，所以你不必太担心。our是形容词性物主代词，后接名词，weak是形容词，其名词形式为weakness，此处可单数或复数，故填weakness(es)。
【答案】
1. differences 2. valleys 3. closer 4. worst 5. weakness(es)
【知识点】
名词复数变化、形容词比较级、副词最高级
【点评】
本题考查初中英语基础词汇变形，涉及名词数的变化、形容词/副词的级等核心语法点，题型常规，难度适中，侧重考查学生对基础词形转换规则的掌握。
【难度系数】
0.7

二、阅读理解。
根据短文内容，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Do you think it is unbelievable to bring fish to space? Did you ever dream of keeping fish in space? In 2024, three astronauts from China made it come true!
On April 26th, three astronauts aboard the Shenzhou XVIII spaceship successfully entered the space station. They carried out more than 90 experiments(实验) in space, such as microgravity(微重力) in space, medicine and many other science topics.
The astronauts brought a fish tank(鱼缸) filled with water to the space station. Four zebrafish and algae lived inside it. The algae gave the fish oxygen, keeping them alive. The tank could feed the fish, control the temperature and lighting, and collect fish eggs by itself.
Why zebrafish? Because they are quite easy to feed and share 70% of their genes(基因) with humans. “The result of this experiment was very precious for it was China’s first space-based study of water ecosystems(生态系统). Next, we planned to bring mice to space. We would raise them there for a while and then bring them back to Earth for further study,” a professor told CCTV News. Studying animals in space can help scientists know how human genes react to space conditions.
The Shenzhou XVIII returned to Earth after six months in space. Later that year, China finished the selection of its new astronauts. These new astronauts joined the team already working on space station tasks and have been helping achieve China’s first manned lunar landing mission.

()1. How does the writer start the text?
A. By giving an example.
B. By asking questions.
C. By making comparisons.
D. By listing numbers.
()2. What does the underlined word “precious” mean?
A. Interesting.
B. Valuable.
C. Strange.
D. Common.
()3. Why do scientists choose zebrafish to study in space according to Paragraph 4?
①They are easy to feed in the spaceship.
②They share over two-thirds of genes with humans.
③They can live without oxygen in the fish tank.
④They can control the temperature and lighting.
A. ①②
B. ①③
C. ②③
D. ③④
()4. Which part of a magazine may the text come from?
A. Art.
B. Health.
C. Space.
D. Sports.
()5. What is the best title for the text?
A. Flying to the Moon
B. Raising Mice in Space
C. The First Manned Landing
D. Working on Space Experiments

1. B 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D

【分析】本题是一篇关于中国神舟十八号太空实验的英语阅读理解题，共5道小题，分别考查文章开头方式、词义猜测、细节理解、文章出处及主旨大意。解题时需先通读全文把握主旨，再针对各小题的关键词定位原文对应内容，逐一分析选项得出答案。
【解析】1. 第1题：根据原文开头“Do you think it is unbelievable to bring fish to space? Did you ever dream of keeping fish in space?”可知，作者通过提问的方式开启文章，对应选项B。
2. 第2题：“precious”所在句提到该实验是中国首个太空水生态系统研究，结合语境可知该结果是“有价值的”，对应选项B（valuable）。
3. 第3题：根据第4段“Because they are quite easy to feed and share 70% of their genes with humans.”可知，选斑马鱼的原因是①易饲养、②与人类基因相似度高，对应选项A。
4. 第4题：文章主要围绕神舟十八号的太空实验展开，因此最可能出自杂志的太空板块，对应选项C。
5. 第5题：文章核心内容是神舟十八号开展的太空实验，对应选项D。
【答案】1.B 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.D
【知识点】英语阅读理解、词义猜测、细节理解、主旨大意
【点评】本题以神舟十八号的太空实验为题材，考查英语阅读的核心考点，题型常规，需要学生具备定位原文、结合语境猜词等基本阅读能力，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6