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Passage 11
Imagine a robot. What comes to your mind first? Is it a machine stronger than the human body? However, this very quality is now causing a big problem—it's creating tons of long-lasting e-waste that could pile up on our planet. What if, instead, the machines we use were designed to break down and disappear—just as living things do?
For a study published in Science Advances, researchers made a robotic arm and a controller by using materials from animals and plants. These materials are strong enough to work but can easily break down in a natural environment. After testing, both parts were gone in soil within weeks.
Biodegradable(可生物降解的) robotics often falls under the umbrella of soft robotics, which takes ideas from nature. "This field started in material science and chemistry, unlike traditional robots, which come from mechanical(机械的) engineering," says Florian Hartmann, a materials scientist from Germany. However, many early soft robotics models still used man-made materials that cause pollution.
Wei, a scientist who studies natural materials in Hangzhou, worked together with his friend Zhang, a robotics engineer in Shanghai, to build robots for the new study. They started with cellulose(纤维素) taken from cotton. Then, they added glycerol(甘油) to make a new material that is soft and easy to change shape. After that, they allowed it to dry, which increased its strength. "Cellulose is cheap and easy to work with," says Wei. They found that the controller and the robotic arm stood up to both heavy use and a week of inactivity. Finally, they buried(埋) both in a hole. Within eight weeks, these two parts were almost completely gone.
Wei and Zhang expect that such robots could be used to deal with dangerous waste and then disappear naturally. They also hope that such robots can aid doctors in operations and then safely break down inside the body.
However, it's important to note that the technology is still in very early stages. "If we truly want to have a biodegradable robot," Hartmann says, "we also need to make sure its electronics and power systems are biodegradable."
(
A. They are green.
B. They are hard.
C. They are intelligent.
D. They are affordable.
(
A. Their operation.
B. Their applications.
C. Their challenges.
D. Their performance.
(
A. Soft robots are widely used to clean up e-waste.
B. Soft robots have to rest for a week after heavy use.
C. The designing of soft robots borrows ideas from nature.
D. Mechanical engineering offers new ways to run soft robots.
Imagine a robot. What comes to your mind first? Is it a machine stronger than the human body? However, this very quality is now causing a big problem—it's creating tons of long-lasting e-waste that could pile up on our planet. What if, instead, the machines we use were designed to break down and disappear—just as living things do?
For a study published in Science Advances, researchers made a robotic arm and a controller by using materials from animals and plants. These materials are strong enough to work but can easily break down in a natural environment. After testing, both parts were gone in soil within weeks.
Biodegradable(可生物降解的) robotics often falls under the umbrella of soft robotics, which takes ideas from nature. "This field started in material science and chemistry, unlike traditional robots, which come from mechanical(机械的) engineering," says Florian Hartmann, a materials scientist from Germany. However, many early soft robotics models still used man-made materials that cause pollution.
Wei, a scientist who studies natural materials in Hangzhou, worked together with his friend Zhang, a robotics engineer in Shanghai, to build robots for the new study. They started with cellulose(纤维素) taken from cotton. Then, they added glycerol(甘油) to make a new material that is soft and easy to change shape. After that, they allowed it to dry, which increased its strength. "Cellulose is cheap and easy to work with," says Wei. They found that the controller and the robotic arm stood up to both heavy use and a week of inactivity. Finally, they buried(埋) both in a hole. Within eight weeks, these two parts were almost completely gone.
Wei and Zhang expect that such robots could be used to deal with dangerous waste and then disappear naturally. They also hope that such robots can aid doctors in operations and then safely break down inside the body.
However, it's important to note that the technology is still in very early stages. "If we truly want to have a biodegradable robot," Hartmann says, "we also need to make sure its electronics and power systems are biodegradable."
(
A
) 1.What is special about the robotic arm and the controller in Paragraph 2?A. They are green.
B. They are hard.
C. They are intelligent.
D. They are affordable.
(
B
) 2.What is mentioned in Paragraph 5 about soft robots?A. Their operation.
B. Their applications.
C. Their challenges.
D. Their performance.
(
C
) 3.What can we learn from the passage?A. Soft robots are widely used to clean up e-waste.
B. Soft robots have to rest for a week after heavy use.
C. The designing of soft robots borrows ideas from nature.
D. Mechanical engineering offers new ways to run soft robots.
答案
1.A 2.B 3.C
解析
【分析】
这是一篇科普类说明文阅读，解题的核心思路是根据题干给出的关键信息，精准回原文定位对应段落，将选项内容和原文表述逐一比对，排除无中生有、偷换概念的错误干扰项，选出匹配原文内容的正确答案。做第一题时重点关注第二段介绍的新研发机器人部件的独有特点，第二题锁定第五段的核心论述内容，第三题逐一核对每个选项和全文信息的匹配度即可。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位原文第二段，可知这款研究人员研发的机械臂和控制器采用动植物来源的材料制作，既可以正常完成工作，还能在自然环境中几周内就完全降解消失，不会产生电子垃圾，核心特点是环保绿色。B选项“坚硬”并非文中强调的特殊属性，C选项“智能”原文完全未提及，D选项“价格亲民”也不是第二段介绍的核心特点，因此选A。
2. 第2题：定位原文第五段，该段介绍了这类可降解软机器人未来的使用场景：既可以用来处理危险废弃物，也能辅助医生完成手术之后在人体内安全分解，全部内容围绕它的潜在应用展开，对应B选项“它们的应用”。A选项“操作流程”、C选项“面临的挑战”、D选项“性能表现”均不属于第五段的论述内容，因此选B。
3. 第3题：逐一核对选项：
A选项：原文最后一段提到该技术还处于非常早期的阶段，并没有广泛投入使用，表述错误；
B选项：原文第四段仅说明该机器人可以承受重度使用和一周不活动的状态，并非要求它重度使用后必须休息一周，偷换概念，表述错误；
C选项：原文第三段明确说明软机器人的设计借鉴了来自大自然的思路，和原文表述完全一致，正确；
D选项：原文第三段提到传统机器人起源于机械工程，软机器人起源于材料科学和化学，该选项表述和原文相悖，错误。
因此选C。
【答案】
1.A 2.B 3.C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，说明文信息辨析，语篇信息匹配
【点评】
本题属于中等难度的科普类阅读题，所有考点均为细节理解类考点，没有设置过难的干扰项，学生只要能准确定位题干对应的原文段落，细心比对选项和原文的表述差异，就可以顺利选出正确答案，主要考察学生快速提取文本关键信息的能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇科普类说明文阅读，解题的核心思路是根据题干给出的关键信息，精准回原文定位对应段落，将选项内容和原文表述逐一比对，排除无中生有、偷换概念的错误干扰项，选出匹配原文内容的正确答案。做第一题时重点关注第二段介绍的新研发机器人部件的独有特点，第二题锁定第五段的核心论述内容，第三题逐一核对每个选项和全文信息的匹配度即可。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位原文第二段，可知这款研究人员研发的机械臂和控制器采用动植物来源的材料制作，既可以正常完成工作，还能在自然环境中几周内就完全降解消失，不会产生电子垃圾，核心特点是环保绿色。B选项“坚硬”并非文中强调的特殊属性，C选项“智能”原文完全未提及，D选项“价格亲民”也不是第二段介绍的核心特点，因此选A。
2. 第2题：定位原文第五段，该段介绍了这类可降解软机器人未来的使用场景：既可以用来处理危险废弃物，也能辅助医生完成手术之后在人体内安全分解，全部内容围绕它的潜在应用展开，对应B选项“它们的应用”。A选项“操作流程”、C选项“面临的挑战”、D选项“性能表现”均不属于第五段的论述内容，因此选B。
3. 第3题：逐一核对选项：
A选项：原文最后一段提到该技术还处于非常早期的阶段，并没有广泛投入使用，表述错误；
B选项：原文第四段仅说明该机器人可以承受重度使用和一周不活动的状态，并非要求它重度使用后必须休息一周，偷换概念，表述错误；
C选项：原文第三段明确说明软机器人的设计借鉴了来自大自然的思路，和原文表述完全一致，正确；
D选项：原文第三段提到传统机器人起源于机械工程，软机器人起源于材料科学和化学，该选项表述和原文相悖，错误。
因此选C。
【答案】
1.A 2.B 3.C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，说明文信息辨析，语篇信息匹配
【点评】
本题属于中等难度的科普类阅读题，所有考点均为细节理解类考点，没有设置过难的干扰项，学生只要能准确定位题干对应的原文段落，细心比对选项和原文的表述差异，就可以顺利选出正确答案，主要考察学生快速提取文本关键信息的能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
