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B
(体裁:说明文 话题:拔河游戏的科学原理 难易度:☆☆☆☆☆)
As we know, playing tug of war can help build your strength and raise your team spirit(团队精神). But do you know that you can win the game even if you are not the strongest? Today we will explore it. You will find it more than a teamwork sport!
MATERIALS:
At least two kids
A strong but soft rope
A piece of tape(线带)
STEPS:
Put a coloured tape on the ground to mark the centre line. Then, divide the players into two teams and let them line up at opposite ends of the rope. Next, give gloves to players to protect their hands, and remind(提醒) everyone to hold the rope. Then the players hold each end of the rope and wait for the signal. When the judge(裁判) shouts “Go!”, both teams will use big forces to pull the rope backward.
MORE ABOUT THE GAME:
When playing, each player on each side of the rope takes four forces—the normal force(支持力) from the ground, tension, friction and gravity. If all forces add up to 0, the players won’t budge. And if they don’t add up to 0, the players will be pulled forward or move backward. Therefore, you don’t have to be the strongest to win. It’s about friction. The bigger the friction is, the better the team can hold its position and pull the other team.
[新情境·生活运用]根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
(
A. raise your team spirit B. become the strongest C. protect your hands
(
A. To mark the centre line. B. For safety. C. To let kids line up.
(
A. push forward B. pull the rope backward C. pull the rope at the same direction
(
A. 倒下 B. 移动 C. 保持身位
(
A. wear a pair of gloves and line up B. wear a pair of shoes that can cause smaller friction
C. wear a pair of shoes that can cause bigger friction
(体裁:说明文 话题:拔河游戏的科学原理 难易度:☆☆☆☆☆)
As we know, playing tug of war can help build your strength and raise your team spirit(团队精神). But do you know that you can win the game even if you are not the strongest? Today we will explore it. You will find it more than a teamwork sport!
MATERIALS:
At least two kids
A strong but soft rope
A piece of tape(线带)
STEPS:
Put a coloured tape on the ground to mark the centre line. Then, divide the players into two teams and let them line up at opposite ends of the rope. Next, give gloves to players to protect their hands, and remind(提醒) everyone to hold the rope. Then the players hold each end of the rope and wait for the signal. When the judge(裁判) shouts “Go!”, both teams will use big forces to pull the rope backward.
MORE ABOUT THE GAME:
When playing, each player on each side of the rope takes four forces—the normal force(支持力) from the ground, tension, friction and gravity. If all forces add up to 0, the players won’t budge. And if they don’t add up to 0, the players will be pulled forward or move backward. Therefore, you don’t have to be the strongest to win. It’s about friction. The bigger the friction is, the better the team can hold its position and pull the other team.
[新情境·生活运用]根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
(
A
) 1. Playing tug of war can help you A
.A. raise your team spirit B. become the strongest C. protect your hands
(
A
) 2. Why should we put a coloured tape on the ground?A. To mark the centre line. B. For safety. C. To let kids line up.
(
B
) 3. Both teams should B
with big forces.A. push forward B. pull the rope backward C. pull the rope at the same direction
(
B
) 4. The underlined word “budge” means B
.A. 倒下 B. 移动 C. 保持身位
(
C
) 5. If we want to win in the game, we should C
.A. wear a pair of gloves and line up B. wear a pair of shoes that can cause smaller friction
C. wear a pair of shoes that can cause bigger friction
答案
1.A 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.C
解析
【分析】
1. 第1题：根据短文第一段第一句，拔河可帮助提升团队精神，对应选项A；
2. 第2题：根据STEPS部分第一句，彩色胶带用于标记中心线，对应选项A；
3. 第3题：根据STEPS部分最后一句，两队需用力向后拉绳子，对应选项B；
4. 第4题：根据上下文，合力为0时人不会移动，故“budge”意为“移动”，选B；
5. 第5题：根据MORE ABOUT部分，摩擦力越大越易获胜，需选能产生更大摩擦力的鞋子，选C。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：短文开头明确提到“playing tug of war can help build your strength and raise your team spirit”，因此选A；
2. 细节理解题：STEPS中说明“Put a coloured tape on the ground to mark the centre line”，所以选A；
3. 细节理解题：STEPS最后指出“both teams will use big forces to pull the rope backward”，故选B；
4. 词义猜测题：前文提到“all forces add up to 0, the players won’t budge”，合力为0时人不会移动，故“budge”意为“移动”，选B；
5. 细节理解题：MORE ABOUT部分说明“The bigger the friction is, the better the team can hold its position and pull the other team”，因此选能产生更大摩擦力的鞋子，选C。
【答案】
1.A 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.C
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解、词义猜测
【点评】
本文是关于拔河游戏科学原理的说明文，结合生活实际，考查学生对短文细节的查找和词义猜测能力，题目难度适中，贴近生活，易于理解。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 第1题：根据短文第一段第一句，拔河可帮助提升团队精神，对应选项A；
2. 第2题：根据STEPS部分第一句，彩色胶带用于标记中心线，对应选项A；
3. 第3题：根据STEPS部分最后一句，两队需用力向后拉绳子，对应选项B；
4. 第4题：根据上下文，合力为0时人不会移动，故“budge”意为“移动”，选B；
5. 第5题：根据MORE ABOUT部分，摩擦力越大越易获胜，需选能产生更大摩擦力的鞋子，选C。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：短文开头明确提到“playing tug of war can help build your strength and raise your team spirit”，因此选A；
2. 细节理解题：STEPS中说明“Put a coloured tape on the ground to mark the centre line”，所以选A；
3. 细节理解题：STEPS最后指出“both teams will use big forces to pull the rope backward”，故选B；
4. 词义猜测题：前文提到“all forces add up to 0, the players won’t budge”，合力为0时人不会移动，故“budge”意为“移动”，选B；
5. 细节理解题：MORE ABOUT部分说明“The bigger the friction is, the better the team can hold its position and pull the other team”，因此选能产生更大摩擦力的鞋子，选C。
【答案】
1.A 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.C
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解、词义猜测
【点评】
本文是关于拔河游戏科学原理的说明文，结合生活实际，考查学生对短文细节的查找和词义猜测能力，题目难度适中，贴近生活，易于理解。
【难度系数】
0.6
