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(体裁:说明文 话题:滑滑梯背后的科学小知识 难度:☆☆☆☆)
Slides are simple but always fun. All you need to do is to climb up to the top and slide down. But do you know that there is science behind this simple playground equipment?
Isaac Newton said what goes up must come down. He was talking about grav-ity. Slides work because of gravity. But that is not all.
①You climb up the slide and sit down.
You are ready to go. Are you sliding down? No, not yet. Things stay still(静止的) unless something makes them ▲. It is Newton’s first law of motion(牛顿第一运动定律). So you have to give yourself a push to start the journey.
②Now you are sliding down.
Of course you are sliding fast. But when two things rub(摩擦) against each other, they cause friction(摩擦力). So, there is friction during the slide. Without friction, you will slide down much faster and won’t stop by yourself. That’s dangerous.
③At the bottom of the slide, you come to a full stop.
Your feet touch the ground and add extra friction. Newton’s first law of motion also says moving things keep moving unless something makes them stop. So, if you do not use your feet, you’ll fly off the slide.
[新趋势·学科融合]阅读短文,从每小题的三个选项中选出最佳选项。
(
A. stop B. move C. change directions
(
A. fly off the slide B. slow down and stop C. move faster
(
A. push B. pull C. talk to
(
(
A. Fun with a slide B. Science behind a slide C. Secrets of gravity
Slides are simple but always fun. All you need to do is to climb up to the top and slide down. But do you know that there is science behind this simple playground equipment?
Isaac Newton said what goes up must come down. He was talking about grav-ity. Slides work because of gravity. But that is not all.
①You climb up the slide and sit down.
You are ready to go. Are you sliding down? No, not yet. Things stay still(静止的) unless something makes them ▲. It is Newton’s first law of motion(牛顿第一运动定律). So you have to give yourself a push to start the journey.
②Now you are sliding down.
Of course you are sliding fast. But when two things rub(摩擦) against each other, they cause friction(摩擦力). So, there is friction during the slide. Without friction, you will slide down much faster and won’t stop by yourself. That’s dangerous.
③At the bottom of the slide, you come to a full stop.
Your feet touch the ground and add extra friction. Newton’s first law of motion also says moving things keep moving unless something makes them stop. So, if you do not use your feet, you’ll fly off the slide.
[新趋势·学科融合]阅读短文,从每小题的三个选项中选出最佳选项。
(
B
) 1. The best word(s) for “ ▲ ” can be B
.A. stop B. move C. change directions
(
B
) 2. When you slide down, friction makes you B
.A. fly off the slide B. slow down and stop C. move faster
(
A
) 3. In theory(理论上), you need someone to A
you if you want to slide down.A. push B. pull C. talk to
(
B
) 4. Which picture explains why you won’t move much faster during the slide?(
B
) 5. What is the best title of the passage?A. Fun with a slide B. Science behind a slide C. Secrets of gravity
答案
1.B 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.B
解析
【分析】
本题是结合物理知识的英语说明文阅读，解题时需先通读全文把握核心内容，再针对各小题的考点，定位原文对应信息，结合词义推测、细节理解、主旨归纳等方法逐一解答。
【解析】
1. 词义推测题：根据原文第①段“Things stay still(静止的) unless something makes them ▲”及牛顿第一运动定律（静止物体不受外力时保持静止），可知空格处需表示“移动”，故选B。
2. 细节理解题：根据原文第②段“there is friction during the slide. Without friction, you will slide down much faster and won’t stop by yourself”，可知摩擦力会让你减速并停下，故选B。
3. 细节理解题：根据原文第①段“So you have to give yourself a push to start the journey”，可知滑滑梯需要推一下启动，故选A。
4. 细节理解题：题干问哪个图解释滑滑梯时不会太快，原因是摩擦力的作用，配图B体现了摩擦力的效果，故选B。
5. 主旨大意题：全文围绕滑滑梯背后的科学知识展开，A仅提乐趣，C仅提重力，B最贴合主旨，故选B。
【答案】
1.B 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.B
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、词义推测、主旨大意
【点评】
本题为跨学科说明文阅读，将物理知识与英语阅读结合，考查学生的信息定位、词义推测及主旨归纳能力，题目设置梯度合理，需结合原文细节和跨学科常识解题。
【难度系数】
0.5
本题是结合物理知识的英语说明文阅读，解题时需先通读全文把握核心内容，再针对各小题的考点，定位原文对应信息，结合词义推测、细节理解、主旨归纳等方法逐一解答。
【解析】
1. 词义推测题：根据原文第①段“Things stay still(静止的) unless something makes them ▲”及牛顿第一运动定律（静止物体不受外力时保持静止），可知空格处需表示“移动”，故选B。
2. 细节理解题：根据原文第②段“there is friction during the slide. Without friction, you will slide down much faster and won’t stop by yourself”，可知摩擦力会让你减速并停下，故选B。
3. 细节理解题：根据原文第①段“So you have to give yourself a push to start the journey”，可知滑滑梯需要推一下启动，故选A。
4. 细节理解题：题干问哪个图解释滑滑梯时不会太快，原因是摩擦力的作用，配图B体现了摩擦力的效果，故选B。
5. 主旨大意题：全文围绕滑滑梯背后的科学知识展开，A仅提乐趣，C仅提重力，B最贴合主旨，故选B。
【答案】
1.B 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.B
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、词义推测、主旨大意
【点评】
本题为跨学科说明文阅读，将物理知识与英语阅读结合，考查学生的信息定位、词义推测及主旨归纳能力，题目设置梯度合理，需结合原文细节和跨学科常识解题。
【难度系数】
0.5
