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一、 阅读理解 主题:人与社会——传统文化 学科素养:文化意识 词数:约250 建议用时:6分钟
What comes to mind when you think of archaeologists? Are they as cool as the characters in some movies? Let’s discover the world of archaeologists.
① Historical treasures are often hidden underground. To find the proper place for digging, archaeologists do surveys to search for signs of ancient sites. These signs may be things like broken pieces of ancient tools. It’s hard work. They have to walk across the field in all kinds of weather. Besides, it requires much experience and professional knowledge to tell an ordinary rock from a stone tool.
② Archaeologists spend a lot of time in the lab studying the discoveries. Luckily, they are now closer to answering those mysteries than ever with the help of modern technology. The first thing they need to do is to find out the age of the things discovered. They also examine bones of humans or animals to find out the cause of their death and what they ate during their lifetime.
③ Ancient objects can be damaged (损坏) in different ways. For example, bowls and cups are often in pieces, and metal tools are usually covered with rust. Before repairing these objects, archaeologists use X-rays to look for damage. If the rust is harmful, they need to make it disappear and repair the object with something special. In this process, they have to be very patient and careful so as not to damage the value of the object.
Though the job can be physically tiring or requires working long hours in the lab, most archaeologists are proud of their work. It’s their hard work that has brought the lost treasure back to life.
（
A. By listing facts. B. By offering ideas.
C. By giving examples. D. By asking questions.
（
A. Physical health. B. Perfect weather.
C. Modern technology. D. Common knowledge.
（
a. Doing research. b. Asking questions. c. Repairing and cleaning. d. Finding places.
A. ①-a, ②-b, ③-c B. ①-d, ②-a, ③-b C. ①-b, ②-a, ③-c D. ①-d, ②-a, ③-c
（
A. They dig more ancient sites.
B. They study the age of the objects.
C. They use X-rays to look for damage.
D. They look at the bones of humans or animals.
（
What comes to mind when you think of archaeologists? Are they as cool as the characters in some movies? Let’s discover the world of archaeologists.
① Historical treasures are often hidden underground. To find the proper place for digging, archaeologists do surveys to search for signs of ancient sites. These signs may be things like broken pieces of ancient tools. It’s hard work. They have to walk across the field in all kinds of weather. Besides, it requires much experience and professional knowledge to tell an ordinary rock from a stone tool.
② Archaeologists spend a lot of time in the lab studying the discoveries. Luckily, they are now closer to answering those mysteries than ever with the help of modern technology. The first thing they need to do is to find out the age of the things discovered. They also examine bones of humans or animals to find out the cause of their death and what they ate during their lifetime.
③ Ancient objects can be damaged (损坏) in different ways. For example, bowls and cups are often in pieces, and metal tools are usually covered with rust. Before repairing these objects, archaeologists use X-rays to look for damage. If the rust is harmful, they need to make it disappear and repair the object with something special. In this process, they have to be very patient and careful so as not to damage the value of the object.
Though the job can be physically tiring or requires working long hours in the lab, most archaeologists are proud of their work. It’s their hard work that has brought the lost treasure back to life.
（
D
）1. 新考法·写作方法 How does the writer bring up the subject?A. By listing facts. B. By offering ideas.
C. By giving examples. D. By asking questions.
（
C
）2. What helps archaeologists better answer the mysteries according to the passage?A. Physical health. B. Perfect weather.
C. Modern technology. D. Common knowledge.
（
D
）3. 新考法·信息匹配 Which is the right order of the subtitles (小标题) of each paragraph?a. Doing research. b. Asking questions. c. Repairing and cleaning. d. Finding places.
A. ①-a, ②-b, ③-c B. ①-d, ②-a, ③-b C. ①-b, ②-a, ③-c D. ①-d, ②-a, ③-c
（
C
）4. What do archaeologists do before repairing ancient objects?A. They dig more ancient sites.
B. They study the age of the objects.
C. They use X-rays to look for damage.
D. They look at the bones of humans or animals.
（
A
）5. 新考法·篇章结构 Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?答案
答案速查 1.D 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.A
【主旨大意】本文主要介绍了考古学家的工作内容。
1. D
2. C【点拨】细节理解题。根据“Luckily, they are now closer to... with the help of modern technology.”可知，在现代技术的帮助下，考古学家更好地解开这些谜团。
3. D【点拨】信息匹配题。第二段主要讲述了为了找到埋在地下的历史遗址，考古学家要如何发现遗址，所以①处选d；第三段主要讲述了考古学家要对考古发现进行研究，所以②处选a；第四段讲述了考古学家是如何修复古代物件的，所以③处选c。
4. C【点拨】细节理解题。根据“Before repairing these objects, archaeologists use X-rays to look for damage.”可知，在修复文物之前，考古学家会用X光查看文物的损伤情况。
5. A【点拨】篇章结构题。文章第一段引出话题，第二段、第三段和第四段分别讲述了考古学家工作的三个方面，第五段总结了考古学家工作的特点，所以全文是“总分总”结构。
解析
【分析】
1. 第1题：要确定作者引出话题的方式，需定位文章首段，首段通过两个疑问句引出关于考古学家的话题，对应选项D。
2. 第2题：细节理解题，根据题干关键词“answer the mysteries”定位到第二段，找到原文提到的帮助考古学家解开谜团的因素是现代技术，选C。
3. 第3题：信息匹配题，分析各段落内容：①段讲考古学家寻找考古地点，对应小标题d；②段讲考古学家研究发现，对应a；③段讲修复古代物件，对应c，故顺序为①-d、②-a、③-c，选D。
4. 第4题：细节理解题，题干问修复前的动作，定位到③段，原文提到修复前用X光查看损伤，对应选项C。
5. 第5题：篇章结构题，文章第一段引出话题，中间三段分述考古工作，最后一段总结，是总分总结构，对应选项A的图示。
【解析】
1. 第1题：题干要求判断作者引出话题的方式，定位文章首段，首段以两个疑问句“What comes to mind when you think of archaeologists? Are they as cool as the characters in some movies?”引出关于考古学家的话题，符合“通过提问引出话题”的特征，故答案为D。
2. 第2题：根据题干关键词“answer the mysteries”，定位到第二段，原文表述为“Luckily, they are now closer to answering those mysteries than ever with the help of modern technology.”，明确指出现代技术帮助考古学家更好地解开谜团，故答案为C。
3. 第3题：分析各段落核心内容：①段围绕考古学家寻找考古地点的工作展开，对应小标题d（Finding places）；②段围绕考古学家在实验室研究考古发现的工作展开，对应小标题a（Doing research）；③段围绕考古学家修复古代物件的工作展开，对应小标题c（Repairing and cleaning），因此正确顺序为①-d、②-a、③-c，故答案为D。
4. 第4题：根据题干关键词“before repairing ancient objects”，定位到③段，原文明确说明“Before repairing these objects, archaeologists use X-rays to look for damage.”，即修复前考古学家用X光查看文物损伤，故答案为C。
5. 第5题：分析文章结构：第一段引出关于考古学家的话题，②③④段分别介绍考古学家工作的三个方面，最后一段总结全文，属于“总分总”结构，对应选项A的图示，故答案为A。
【答案】
答案速查 1.D 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.A
【主旨大意】本文主要介绍了考古学家的工作内容。
1. D
2. C【点拨】细节理解题。根据“Luckily, they are now closer to... with the help of modern technology.”可知，在现代技术的帮助下，考古学家更好地解开这些谜团。
3. D【点拨】信息匹配题。第二段主要讲述了为了找到埋在地下的历史遗址，考古学家要如何发现遗址，所以①处选d；第三段主要讲述了考古学家要对考古发现进行研究，所以②处选a；第四段讲述了考古学家是如何修复古代物件的，所以③处选c。
4. C【点拨】细节理解题。根据“Before repairing these objects, archaeologists use X-rays to look for damage.”可知，在修复文物之前，考古学家会用X光查看文物的损伤情况。
5. A【点拨】篇章结构题。文章第一段引出话题，第二段、第三段和第四段分别讲述了考古学家工作的三个方面，第五段总结了考古学家工作的特点，所以全文是“总分总”结构。
【知识点】
阅读理解、细节理解、篇章结构
【点评】
本题为关于考古学家的阅读理解题，涵盖细节理解、信息匹配、篇章结构等题型，既考查学生快速定位文章关键信息的能力，又考查对文章整体结构的把握，是一道综合性较强的阅读练习题。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 第1题：要确定作者引出话题的方式，需定位文章首段，首段通过两个疑问句引出关于考古学家的话题，对应选项D。
2. 第2题：细节理解题，根据题干关键词“answer the mysteries”定位到第二段，找到原文提到的帮助考古学家解开谜团的因素是现代技术，选C。
3. 第3题：信息匹配题，分析各段落内容：①段讲考古学家寻找考古地点，对应小标题d；②段讲考古学家研究发现，对应a；③段讲修复古代物件，对应c，故顺序为①-d、②-a、③-c，选D。
4. 第4题：细节理解题，题干问修复前的动作，定位到③段，原文提到修复前用X光查看损伤，对应选项C。
5. 第5题：篇章结构题，文章第一段引出话题，中间三段分述考古工作，最后一段总结，是总分总结构，对应选项A的图示。
【解析】
1. 第1题：题干要求判断作者引出话题的方式，定位文章首段，首段以两个疑问句“What comes to mind when you think of archaeologists? Are they as cool as the characters in some movies?”引出关于考古学家的话题，符合“通过提问引出话题”的特征，故答案为D。
2. 第2题：根据题干关键词“answer the mysteries”，定位到第二段，原文表述为“Luckily, they are now closer to answering those mysteries than ever with the help of modern technology.”，明确指出现代技术帮助考古学家更好地解开谜团，故答案为C。
3. 第3题：分析各段落核心内容：①段围绕考古学家寻找考古地点的工作展开，对应小标题d（Finding places）；②段围绕考古学家在实验室研究考古发现的工作展开，对应小标题a（Doing research）；③段围绕考古学家修复古代物件的工作展开，对应小标题c（Repairing and cleaning），因此正确顺序为①-d、②-a、③-c，故答案为D。
4. 第4题：根据题干关键词“before repairing ancient objects”，定位到③段，原文明确说明“Before repairing these objects, archaeologists use X-rays to look for damage.”，即修复前考古学家用X光查看文物损伤，故答案为C。
5. 第5题：分析文章结构：第一段引出关于考古学家的话题，②③④段分别介绍考古学家工作的三个方面，最后一段总结全文，属于“总分总”结构，对应选项A的图示，故答案为A。
【答案】
答案速查 1.D 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.A
【主旨大意】本文主要介绍了考古学家的工作内容。
1. D
2. C【点拨】细节理解题。根据“Luckily, they are now closer to... with the help of modern technology.”可知，在现代技术的帮助下，考古学家更好地解开这些谜团。
3. D【点拨】信息匹配题。第二段主要讲述了为了找到埋在地下的历史遗址，考古学家要如何发现遗址，所以①处选d；第三段主要讲述了考古学家要对考古发现进行研究，所以②处选a；第四段讲述了考古学家是如何修复古代物件的，所以③处选c。
4. C【点拨】细节理解题。根据“Before repairing these objects, archaeologists use X-rays to look for damage.”可知，在修复文物之前，考古学家会用X光查看文物的损伤情况。
5. A【点拨】篇章结构题。文章第一段引出话题，第二段、第三段和第四段分别讲述了考古学家工作的三个方面，第五段总结了考古学家工作的特点，所以全文是“总分总”结构。
【知识点】
阅读理解、细节理解、篇章结构
【点评】
本题为关于考古学家的阅读理解题，涵盖细节理解、信息匹配、篇章结构等题型，既考查学生快速定位文章关键信息的能力，又考查对文章整体结构的把握，是一道综合性较强的阅读练习题。
【难度系数】
0.6
