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一、信息还原
阅读短文，从方框中选出能填入空格处的最佳选项，有一个多余选项。
Alaska is the biggest of all the 50 US states. Over the past 60 years, Alaska has been about 3°F (about 1.7°C) warmer. 1 This changes ecosystems. Alaska will get warmer. It will also have more rain and snow. Climate change is affecting (影响) many people, animals and ecosystems.
Permafrost (永久冻土) is frozen soil which lies a few feet under the ground. Permafrost usually stays frozen all year. 2 Some part of it is melting, though. As it melts, it gets softer. The ground above can fall down. 3 In Alaska, there are many roads and buildings on top of it. As it melts, they will also get damaged. It will cost a lot of money to fix them.
Lakes in Alaska are also changing because of climate change. Some get bigger. 4 Millions of birds travel to these lakes when it’s warm. Alaska’s local people hunt and fish for food there too.
Warmer, drier weather makes wildfires more frequent. 5 Fires change the forest. More insects come and harm the forest. That means more dead trees. And then, dead trees catch fire easily.
A. Others get smaller.
B. Most of Alaska has permafrost.
C. It is very hard to move to safer areas.
D. This can cause damage to whatever is built on top of it.
E. That is more than twice as much as the rest of the United States.
F. Large wildfires have destroyed more forests in Alaska in recent recorded decades.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
阅读短文，从方框中选出能填入空格处的最佳选项，有一个多余选项。
Alaska is the biggest of all the 50 US states. Over the past 60 years, Alaska has been about 3°F (about 1.7°C) warmer. 1 This changes ecosystems. Alaska will get warmer. It will also have more rain and snow. Climate change is affecting (影响) many people, animals and ecosystems.
Permafrost (永久冻土) is frozen soil which lies a few feet under the ground. Permafrost usually stays frozen all year. 2 Some part of it is melting, though. As it melts, it gets softer. The ground above can fall down. 3 In Alaska, there are many roads and buildings on top of it. As it melts, they will also get damaged. It will cost a lot of money to fix them.
Lakes in Alaska are also changing because of climate change. Some get bigger. 4 Millions of birds travel to these lakes when it’s warm. Alaska’s local people hunt and fish for food there too.
Warmer, drier weather makes wildfires more frequent. 5 Fires change the forest. More insects come and harm the forest. That means more dead trees. And then, dead trees catch fire easily.
A. Others get smaller.
B. Most of Alaska has permafrost.
C. It is very hard to move to safer areas.
D. This can cause damage to whatever is built on top of it.
E. That is more than twice as much as the rest of the United States.
F. Large wildfires have destroyed more forests in Alaska in recent recorded decades.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
答案
1. E
2. B
3. D
4. A
5. F
2. B
3. D
4. A
5. F
解析
【分析】
信息还原题需先通读全文把握主旨，再分析每个空格前后的语境、逻辑关系（如指代、并列、因果等），结合选项关键词匹配空格，排除多余选项。本题围绕阿拉斯加气候变化的影响展开，需重点关注温度数据、永久冻土、湖泊变化、野火等核心内容的衔接。
【解析】
1. 空格前提到阿拉斯加60年升温约3°F，空格后讲这改变生态，E选项中“That”指代前文的温度数据，说明该升温幅度是美国其他地区的两倍多，符合语境，故1选E。
2. 空格前介绍永久冻土的定义，空格后提到部分永久冻土融化，B选项“阿拉斯加大部分有永久冻土”承接前文的“永久冻土”话题，符合逻辑，故2选B。
3. 空格前说冻土融化后地面塌陷，空格后讲道路、建筑会受损，D选项“这会损坏建在上面的任何东西”承上启下，连接冻土塌陷与建筑损坏的内容，故3选D。
4. 空格前提到“一些湖泊变大”，A选项“另一些变小”对应“some...others...”的并列结构，符合湖泊变化的描述，故4选A。
5. 空格前说暖干天气使野火更频繁，空格后讲火灾改变森林，F选项“近几十年阿拉斯加的大野火摧毁了更多森林”承接野火的话题，符合语境，故5选F。
【答案】
1.E 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.F
【知识点】
信息还原（七选五）、语境逻辑匹配
【点评】
本题为英语信息还原题，考查学生对上下文语境及逻辑关系的理解能力，解题时需抓住关键词、指代关系、并列结构等线索，难度适中，学生通过梳理段落逻辑即可正确作答。
【难度系数】
0.7
信息还原题需先通读全文把握主旨，再分析每个空格前后的语境、逻辑关系（如指代、并列、因果等），结合选项关键词匹配空格，排除多余选项。本题围绕阿拉斯加气候变化的影响展开，需重点关注温度数据、永久冻土、湖泊变化、野火等核心内容的衔接。
【解析】
1. 空格前提到阿拉斯加60年升温约3°F，空格后讲这改变生态，E选项中“That”指代前文的温度数据，说明该升温幅度是美国其他地区的两倍多，符合语境，故1选E。
2. 空格前介绍永久冻土的定义，空格后提到部分永久冻土融化，B选项“阿拉斯加大部分有永久冻土”承接前文的“永久冻土”话题，符合逻辑，故2选B。
3. 空格前说冻土融化后地面塌陷，空格后讲道路、建筑会受损，D选项“这会损坏建在上面的任何东西”承上启下，连接冻土塌陷与建筑损坏的内容，故3选D。
4. 空格前提到“一些湖泊变大”，A选项“另一些变小”对应“some...others...”的并列结构，符合湖泊变化的描述，故4选A。
5. 空格前说暖干天气使野火更频繁，空格后讲火灾改变森林，F选项“近几十年阿拉斯加的大野火摧毁了更多森林”承接野火的话题，符合语境，故5选F。
【答案】
1.E 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.F
【知识点】
信息还原（七选五）、语境逻辑匹配
【点评】
本题为英语信息还原题，考查学生对上下文语境及逻辑关系的理解能力，解题时需抓住关键词、指代关系、并列结构等线索，难度适中，学生通过梳理段落逻辑即可正确作答。
【难度系数】
0.7
二、微写作
保护空气、土壤、水等非生物因素对维持生态系统的健康至关重要。为此我们可以采取哪些行动呢？请简要谈谈你的想法。不少于5句话。
保护空气、土壤、水等非生物因素对维持生态系统的健康至关重要。为此我们可以采取哪些行动呢？请简要谈谈你的想法。不少于5句话。
答案
Nowadays, protecting clean air, healthy soil and fresh water is quite important for us to keep the whole ecosystem in good condition. First, to cut down air pollution, we can choose to take public transport or ride bikes more often instead of taking private cars, and we can also plant more trees in our neighbourhood to make air cleaner. Second, to protect the soil, we must sort our rubbish correctly and never throw plastic bags or other litter on the ground, because these wastes will harm the soil for many years. Third, to save and protect water, we should turn off the tap in time when we are not using water, and we can also reuse the water that we wash vegetables with to water flowers. If all of us can stick to these small actions, we will make a great difference to our ecosystem soon.
解析
【分析】
本题要求围绕保护空气、土壤、水等非生物因素对维持生态系统健康的重要性，提出具体可行的行动，完成不少于5句的微写作。解题思路为：1. 开篇点明保护上述非生物因素的重要性；2. 分维度列举空气、土壤、水的具体保护措施；3. 结尾总结个人行动的意义，确保内容连贯、符合字数要求。
【解析】
采用“总-分-总”结构写作：开篇说明保护空气、土壤、水对维持生态系统健康的重要性；接着分三部分提出具体行动：空气方面选择公共交通、骑行、植树；土壤方面正确分类垃圾、不随意丢弃塑料等；水方面及时关水龙头、重复利用洗菜水浇花；最后总结个人坚持小行动能带来大改变，满足不少于5句的要求，语言通顺自然。
【答案】
Nowadays, protecting clean air, healthy soil and fresh water is quite important for us to keep the whole ecosystem in good condition. First, to cut down air pollution, we can choose to take public transport or ride bikes more often instead of taking private cars, and we can also plant more trees in our neighbourhood to make air cleaner. Second, to protect the soil, we must sort our rubbish correctly and never throw plastic bags or other litter on the ground, because these wastes will harm the soil for many years. Third, to save and protect water, we should turn off the tap in time when we are not using water, and we can also reuse the water that we wash vegetables with to water flowers. If all of us can stick to these small actions, we will make a great difference to our ecosystem soon.
【知识点】
英语微写作、环保主题表达
【点评】
该微写作紧扣主题，结构清晰，分点明确，列举的保护措施具体可行，语言流畅自然，符合题目“不少于5句话”的要求，很好地回应了问题。
【难度系数】
0.6
本题要求围绕保护空气、土壤、水等非生物因素对维持生态系统健康的重要性，提出具体可行的行动，完成不少于5句的微写作。解题思路为：1. 开篇点明保护上述非生物因素的重要性；2. 分维度列举空气、土壤、水的具体保护措施；3. 结尾总结个人行动的意义，确保内容连贯、符合字数要求。
【解析】
采用“总-分-总”结构写作：开篇说明保护空气、土壤、水对维持生态系统健康的重要性；接着分三部分提出具体行动：空气方面选择公共交通、骑行、植树；土壤方面正确分类垃圾、不随意丢弃塑料等；水方面及时关水龙头、重复利用洗菜水浇花；最后总结个人坚持小行动能带来大改变，满足不少于5句的要求，语言通顺自然。
【答案】
Nowadays, protecting clean air, healthy soil and fresh water is quite important for us to keep the whole ecosystem in good condition. First, to cut down air pollution, we can choose to take public transport or ride bikes more often instead of taking private cars, and we can also plant more trees in our neighbourhood to make air cleaner. Second, to protect the soil, we must sort our rubbish correctly and never throw plastic bags or other litter on the ground, because these wastes will harm the soil for many years. Third, to save and protect water, we should turn off the tap in time when we are not using water, and we can also reuse the water that we wash vegetables with to water flowers. If all of us can stick to these small actions, we will make a great difference to our ecosystem soon.
【知识点】
英语微写作、环保主题表达
【点评】
该微写作紧扣主题，结构清晰，分点明确，列举的保护措施具体可行，语言流畅自然，符合题目“不少于5句话”的要求，很好地回应了问题。
【难度系数】
0.6
