二、阅读短文，根据短文内容，选择最佳选项并回答问题。
新素养·文化意识
建议用时：10 分钟
难度：★★★★★
Invitation is common in all cultures. When some people plan to have a party, they usually invite their friends and family.
In Western countries, inviting each other is an activity for making more friends and getting help from each other. When English speakers wish to invite friends to have dinner, they may send a letter of invitation. The person who gets the invitation should reply to it as soon as possible.
If a Western person invites you to have dinner, make sure you know the time and the place of the party. Make sure you show happiness or thanks to the host. If the party is about business, you can wear a suit(西装). Don't wear shorts, skirts or hats. If the party is just for friends, you don't need to dress formally(正式地). If you don't want to accept the invitation, you can call the host and tell him or her your reason.
While in China, invitations often happen between old friends or relatives to talk about the past or make friends closer. People like this kind of invitation. They will usually attend it. But for other kinds of invitations, like business, people don't always want to attend them although they're very crucial. People often talk about some useful things at these parties.
We should know the differences in invitations between China and other countries. Every culture plays an important role in the world.
()1. Why do people in the West invite each other?
A. To help others.
B. To spend the time.
C. To make more friends.
D. To show their happiness.
()2. What does the underlined word “crucial” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Wrong.
B. Traditional.
C. Simple.
D. Important.
()3. Which can be the best title for the passage?
A. The Time of the Party
B. The Clothes to Wear at a Party
C. The Invitation Culture
D. The Invitations in China
4. How can people refuse an invitation in the West according to the passage?
By .
词汇积累：
reply v. 回复
possible adj. 可能的
business n. 生意
accept v. 接受
reason n. 原因
attend v. 出席
although conj. 尽管

1. C 2. D 3. C
4. calling the host (and telling him or her the reason)

【分析】
这是一篇介绍中西方邀请文化差异的阅读理解题，解题思路如下：1. 先通读全文，明确文章核心是对比不同文化中的邀请相关习俗，把握整体行文脉络；2. 针对细节类题目，直接定位题干对应的原文段落，找到对应语句匹配选项即可；3. 词义猜测题要结合划线词所在的上下文语境，排除不符合逻辑的选项推导词义；4. 主旨大意题要选择能覆盖全文内容的选项，排除仅描述局部内容的片面选项；5. 最后一道问答类细节题，定位对应语句提取信息即可。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：定位原文第二段第一句"In Western countries, inviting each other is an activity for making more friends and getting help from each other."，可知西方人互相邀请的目的之一是结交更多朋友，A选项“帮助他人”表述错误，原文是互相获得帮助，B“消磨时间”、D“展示开心”原文均未提及，因此选C。
2. 词义猜测题：划线词位于第四段，上下文含义为“对于商务类邀请，人们并不总是愿意出席，尽管它们十分______，人们通常会在这类聚会上讨论很多有用的事务”，结合选项：A错误的、B传统的、C简单的均不符合语境，只有D“重要的”符合逻辑，因此选D。
3. 主旨大意题：全文分别介绍了西方的邀请礼仪、中国的邀请相关习俗，核心主题是不同文化下的邀请文化差异，A选项“派对的时间”、B选项“派对的着装”都只是文中提到的局部细节，D选项“中国的邀请”仅覆盖部分内容，都过于片面，只有C“邀请文化”可以完整覆盖全文主旨，因此选C。
4. 细节问答题：定位原文第三段最后一句"If you don't want to accept the invitation, you can call the host and tell him or her your reason."，提取信息可知在西方拒绝邀请的方式是给主人打电话并告知原因，因此填写对应内容即可。
【答案】
1. C 2. D 3. C
4. calling the host (and telling him or her the reason)
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找，词义猜测，主旨归纳
【点评】
本题贴合英语学科核心素养中的文化意识要求，通过介绍中西方邀请文化的差异，帮助学生了解不同文化的社交礼仪，考点覆盖了初中英语阅读最常见的三类题型，解题时要注意避免用局部信息代替全文主旨，所有判断都要依托原文内容，不要主观臆造信息。
【难度系数】
0.4